2018—2020年福建省稻瘟病菌无毒基因型鉴定与分析

邓云

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.05.013

2018—2020年福建省稻瘟病菌无毒基因型鉴定与分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.05.013

邓云

福建省南平市农业科学研究所，福建　南平　354200

基金项目: 福建省科技计划引导性项目（2018N0070）

详细信息

作者简介:
邓云（1981−），女，高级农艺师. 研究方向：植物保护与抗病育种（E-mail：25362663@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 435.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-25
- 修回日期: 2021-03-18
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-31

Identification and Analysis of Avirulent Genotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae in Fujian Province from 2018 to 2020

DENG Yun

Nanping Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nanping, Fujian　354200, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析福建省近年来稻瘟病菌的致病力情况、无毒基因型，了解无毒基因在不同地区的组成、年份间的动态变化等情况。方法于2018—2020年收集并分离福建省9个水稻主产区的中稻穗颈瘟菌株179份，接菌鉴定24份含单个抗病基因的近等基因系。结果 179个稻瘟病菌株中的强、较强、中等、弱致病力菌株占比分别为26.81%、36.31%、27.37%、9.51%，较强致病力菌株占优势；抗病基因的抗性频率较高的有4个，其中Pi-z⁵和Pi-9（t）两个抗病基因的抗性频率最高，分别为91.49%和91.25%，Pi-k^h和Pi-1两个抗病基因的抗性频率也较高，都高于80%；2018—2020年间无毒基因出现频率下滑20%以上的有9个，分别为Avr-k^h、Avr-7（t）、Avr-5（t）、Avr-3、Avr-k^p、Avr-19（t）、Avr-k^m、Avr-z、Avr-k^s，出现频率上升20%的无毒基因有1个，为Avr-20（频率由16.67%上升至50.00%）；无毒基因在组合数目上共出现了23种类型，含有6、7、8、9、11个无毒基因组合的病菌最多，在群体中的频率分别为10.06%、8.94%、8.94%、7.82%和8.38%。9个地区的稻瘟病菌株都分布有24个无毒基因，无毒基因分布数量和出现频率较高的地区为上杭（49.19%），光泽次之（48.18%），武夷山最低（41.23%）。结论福建省的大多数稻瘟病菌株对本试验的24个抗病基因表现较强的致病力；Pi-z⁵、Pi-9（t）、Pi-k^h和Pi-1这4个抗病基因的抗性频率最高，尤其是Avr-z⁵、Avr-9（t）这两个无毒基因在年份间出现频率最高而且稳定，对应的抗病基因在今后的抗性育种中可以重点应用，出现频率低于20%的3个无毒基因为Avr-k^s、Avr-b、Avr-ta，对应的抗病基因在应用中需注意观察，谨慎使用。
- 稻瘟病 /
- 无毒基因 /
- 出现频率 /
- 致病性
Abstract: Objective The pathogenicity and avirulent genotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae found in Fujian in recent years were analyzed to define their existence and year-to-year changes in different regions. Method For the study, 179 strains of rice ear neck blast were collected from 9 major rice-producing areas in the province from 2018 to 2020 and isolated to identify the near-isogenic lines (NILs) that contained only one resistance gene. Result Among the 179 rice blast strains, the proportion of strong, slightly strong, medium, and weak pathogenic classes were 26.81%, 36.31%, 27.37%, and 9.51%, respectively. Among the 4 high resistance genes, Pi-z⁵ and Pi-9(t) showed the greatest resistance frequencies of 91.49% and 91.25%, respectively, followed by Pi-k^h and Pi-1 of more than 80%. During the sampling years, the 9 avirulent genes produced more than 20% on frequency decline were Avr-k^h, Avr-7(t), Avr-5(t), Avr-3, Avr-k^p, Avr-19(t), Avr-k^m, Avr-z, and Avr-k^s. In the 23 types of avirulent genes, the pathogens with 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11 gene combinations had the highest appearance frequencies of 10.06%, 8.94%, 8.94%, 7.82%, and 8.38%, respectively. A total of 24 avirulent genes were identified in the rice blast strains found in the 9 regions that showed the highest frequencies of appearance at 49.19% in Shanghang, 48.18% in Guangze, and 41.23% in Wuyishan. Conclusion Most rice blast strains in Fujian were strongly pathogenic to the 24 resistance genes, as discovered by this study. Among all, Pi-z⁵, Pi-9(t), Pi-k^h, and Pi-1 had the greatest frequencies of resistance, Avr-z⁵ and Avr-9(t) the most consistent over the years, and Avr-k^s, Avr-b, and Avr-ta the lowest with a frequency less than 20%. The corresponding avirulent genes could be useful for breeding, but the selection must be done with due caution.
- Magnaporthe oryzae /
- avirulent gene /
- occurrence frequency /
- pathogenicity

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图 1 179个稻瘟病菌菌株对24个NILs亲和反应型的聚类分析结果

Figure 1. Dendrogram on compatible response of 179 M. oryzae isolates to 24 NILs

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表 1 2018—2020年福建省稻瘟病菌供试菌株

Table 1. M. oryzae sample collection, 2018-2020

序号 Serial number	采集点 Collection point	分离菌株数 Number of isolated strains
序号 Serial number	采集点 Collection point	2018	2019	2020
1	南平市武夷山市五夫镇 NanpingWuyishanWufu	1	2	2
2	南平松溪茶平村 NanpingSongxiChaping		2
3	南平松溪官路村 NanpingSongxiGuanglu		1
4	南平松溪花桥村 NanpingSongxiHuaqiao	2	2	2
5	南平松溪祖墩村 NanpingSongxiZudun	2		2
6	南平邵武外南源镇 NanpingShaowuWaiNanyuan	3
8	南平邵武大布干乡 NanpingShaowuDabugan	3
9	南平浦城高阳村 NanpingPuchengGaoyang		2
10	南平浦城山桥村 NanpingPuchengShanqiao	2		2
11	南平浦城水北乡 NanpingPuchengshuibei	2
13	南平光泽良种场 NanpingGuangzeLiangzhongchang	3	3	3
14	南平光泽寨里镇桥亭村 NanpingGuangzeZailiQiaoting		2
15	南平光泽紫马镇虎谭村 NanpingGuangzeZimaHutang		2
16	南平建阳梗头水尾村 NanpingJianyangGengtouShuiwei		1	2
17	南平建阳童游庵山 NanpingJianyangTongyouAnshan		1	2
18	南平建阳麻沙镇石宇村（区试点）NanpingJianyangMashaShiyu（Regional test site）	10	12	13
19	南平建阳莒口马伏村 NanpingJianyangJukouMafu	1		1
20	南平建阳将口镇东田村 NanpingJianyangJiangkouDongtian	2
21	三明宁化水茜镇下洋村（区试点）SanmingNinghuaShuiqianXiayang（Regional test site）	5	6	10
22	三明宁化中沙乡楼家村 SanmingNinghuaZhongshaLoujia		3
23	三明将乐黄潭村（区试点）SanmingJiangleHuangtan（Regional test site）	6	10	11
24	三明将乐县白莲镇 SanmingJiangleBailian		2
25	三明将乐县南口镇南胜村 SanmingJiangleNankouNansheng		1
26	龙岩市上杭县茶地村（区试点）LongyanShanghangChadi（Regional test site）	8	12	15
	合计 Total	49	65	65

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表 2 抗稻瘟病基因对福建省稻瘟病菌的抗性频率

Table 2. Effect of blast resistant genes on frequency of resistance to M. oryzae isolated in Fujain

原编号 No.	品系 Line	基因位点 Gene locus	抗性频率 Resistance frequency/%	原编号 No.	品系 Line	基因位点 Gene locus	抗性频率 Resistance frequency/%
K10	IRBLz5-CA	Pi-z⁵	91.49	K3	IRBLi-F5*	Pi-i	41.57
K22	IRBL9-W	Pi-9（t）	91.25	K25	IRBLkm-Ts	Pi-km	40.93
K8	IRBLkh-K3	Pi-k^h	80.87	K11	IRBLzt-T	Pi-z^t	40.21
K18	IRBL1-CL	Pi-1	80.52	K24	IRBL19-M	Pi-19（t）	40.13
K21	IRBL7-M	Pi-7（t）	73.52	K16	IRBLsh-S	Pi-sh	38.76
K20	IRBL5-M	Pi-5（t）	72.75		IR65482-4-136	Pi40	35.97
K6	IRBLk-Ka	Pi-k	71.9	K30	IRBL11-Zh	Pi-11	35.7
K23	IRBL12-M	Pi-12（t）	71.07	K26	IRBL20-IR24	Pi-20	34.95
K19	IRBL3-CP4*	Pi-3	59.87	K15	IRBLt-K59*	Pi-t	32.93
K7	IRBLkp-K60	Pi-k^p	55.94	K4	IRBLks-F5	Pi-k^s	25.29
K9	IRBLz-Fu	Pi-z	51.35	K12	IRBLta-K1	Pi-ta	19.33
K1	IRBLa-A	Pi-a	47.33	K14	IRBLb-B	Pi-b	19.32

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表 3 福建省稻瘟病菌无毒基因在2018-2020年间的分布

Table 3. Distribution of avirulent genes of M. oryzae in Fujian, 2018-2020

无毒基因 Avirulence gene	出现频率 Occurrence friquency/%				无毒基因 Avirulence gene	出现频率 Occurrence friquency/%
无毒基因 Avirulence gene	2018	2019	2020	平均	无毒基因 Avirulence gene	2018	2019	2020	平均Average
Avr-Z⁵	92.16	84.44	90.24	88.95	Avr-11	32.76	24.00	46.67	34.48
Avr-9（t）	88.52	83.33	90.24	87.37	Avr-i	37.68	37.50	27.03	34.07
Avr-1	70.15	73.68	76.92	73.59	Avr-19（t）	42.62	37.04	21.05	33.57
Avr-k^h	83.33	64.29	61.90	69.84	Avr-k^m	37.50	44.64	14.71	32.28
Avr-k	69.64	74.07	53.85	65.85	Avr-20	16.67	20.00	50.00	28.89
Avr-12（t）	65.38	65.38	63.56	64.78	Avr-sh	31.34	32.76	21.62	28.57
Avr-7（t）	73.68	69.57	50.00	64.42	Avr-40	34.55	26.00	20.00	26.85
Avr-5（t）	70.91	73.47	42.50	62.29	Avr-t	34.85	24.14	18.92	25.97
Avr-3	66.07	52.00	33.33	50.47	Avr-z	35.71	32.14	0.00	22.62
Avr-k^p	60.32	44.23	29.63	44.73	Avr-k^s	29.82	16.67	6.67	17.72
Avr-a	42.86	33.33	37.50	37.90	Avr-b	24.24	7.69	18.75	16.89
Avr-z^t	44.68	33.33	29.27	35.76	Avr-ta	4.29	5.26	7.89	5.81
					平均	49.57	44.12	38.01	43.90

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表 4 2018—2020年福建省稻瘟病菌的不同数量无毒基因出现频率

Table 4. Occurrence frequency of avirulent gene combinations of M. oryzae in Fujian, 2018-2020

无毒基因数目 No.of avirulence gene combination	菌株出现数 No.of isolates	频率 Frequyency of gene combination/%	无毒基因数目 No.of avirulence gene combination	菌株出现数 No.of isolates	频率 Frequyency of gene combination/%
22	3	1.68	10	7	3.91
21	6	3.35	9	14	7.82
20	4	2.23	8	16	8.94
19	4	2.23	7	16	8.94
18	3	1.68	6	18	10.06
17	5	2.79	5	8	4.47
16	7	3.91	4	10	5.59
15	6	3.35	3	5	2.79
14	4	2.23	2	9	5.03
13	2	1.12	1	3	1.68
12	8	4.47	0	6	3.35
11	15	8.38	合计	179	100.00

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表 5 稻瘟病菌无毒基因在福建省9个地区的分布

Table 5. Distribution of M. oryzae avirulent genes in 9 regions in Fujian

无毒基因 Avirulence gene	出现频率Occurrence friquency/%
无毒基因 Avirulence gene	武夷山 Wuyishan	松溪 Songxi	邵武 Shaowu	浦城 Pucheng	光泽 Guangze	建阳 Jianyang	宁化 Ninghua	将乐 Jiangle	上杭 Shanghan
Avr-1	75.00	57.69	75.00	80.00	63.64	72.00	94.74	80.00	64.71
Avr-3	52.94	58.33	75.00	33.33	66.67	40.00	44.44	40.00	63.33
Avr-5	25.00	73.91	50.00	95.66	50.00	52.17	52.94	57.14	70.00
Avr-Z⁵	97.50	95.83	96.77	77.78	91.67	90.91	95.00	76.92	77.42
Avr-7	63.64	54.55	98.50	87.50	62.50	69.57	64.71	76.92	58.06
Avr-9	96.77	88.46	96.77	88.89	88.89	76.00	84.21	87.50	90.32
Avr-11	23.53	38.89	9.09	13.04	25.00	23.53	25.00	40.00	40.74
Avr-12	47.83	42.86	56.35	60.00	75.00	80.00	71.43	75.00	50.00
Avr-20	66.67	42.86	22.22	23.53	20.00	63.64	66.67	16.67	9.09
Avr-19	31.25	33.33	30.43	44.44	50.00	33.33	23.53	25.00	41.94
Avr-40	26.09	25.00	50.00	22.73	22.22	30.43	21.43	25.00	44.44
Avr-a	39.39	38.89	33.33	28.57	35.00	21.05	33.33	50.00	46.67
Avr-b	9.09	14.29	5.26	10.00	14.29	22.22	8.33	20.00	21.88
Avr-i	35.29	38.46	25.00	40.00	47.83	28.00	23.53	31.25	39.39
Avr-k	25.00	68.18	25.00	75.00	72.22	56.00	63.16	80.00	76.67
Avr-k^p	43.75	38.10	50.00	62.50	57.14	26.09	56.25	64.29	54.84
Avr-k^s	13.33	20.00	23.53	11.76	35.00	13.04	14.29	6.67	31.03
Avr-k^m	22.73	20.00	33.33	20.00	45.45	33.33	18.75	43.75	50.00
Avr-k^h	66.67	70.00	62.50	71.43	78.57	70.59	63.64	90.91	76.00
Avr-t	28.00	38.46	26.09	10.00	26.09	26.92	29.41	13.33	35.29
Avr-zt	33.33	36.36	25.00	37.50	44.44	45.00	31.25	18.18	42.31
Avr-sh	25.00	28.00	31.25	30.00	27.27	34.62	23.53	11.76	45.45
Avr-z	29.41	25.00	34.62	33.33	40.00	42.86	50.00	25.00	47.37
Avr-ta	12.25	7.69	7.69	8.82	17.39	7.69	5.26	9.09	3.70
平均	41.23	43.96	43.45	44.41	48.18	44.12	44.37	44.35	49.19

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