小球藻悬浮液和金藻液对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

裴文刚; 常秉乾; 杨敏敏; 王海波; 秦士贞; 史兆国; 李志勇

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.04.010

小球藻悬浮液和金藻液对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.04.010

1.
甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院，甘肃　兰州　730070
2.
甘肃德福生物科技有限公司，甘肃　定西　744300

基金项目: 甘肃省现代农业猪鸡产业体系项目（GARS-ZJ-2）；甘肃农业大学人才专项经费（2017RCZX-18）；甘肃省青年科技基金计划（20GR5RA013）

详细信息

作者简介:
裴文刚（1996−），男，硕士，研究方向：家禽生产与家禽营养（E-mail：1807334149@qq.com）

通讯作者:
秦士贞（1988−），女，博士，研究方向：动物营养与饲料科学（E-mail：qinshizhen@163.com）

史兆国（1966−），男，硕士，教授，研究方向：现代家禽生产与家禽营养（E-mail：shizhaoguo@gsau.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 831.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-02
- 修回日期: 2021-02-09
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-30

Effects of Incorporating Chlorella Suspensions in Feed on Immunity of Broilers

1.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu　730070, China
2.
Gansu Defu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Dingxi, Gansu　744300, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究小球藻悬浮液和金藻液对肉鸡免疫功能的影响。方法选择1日龄健康良凤肉鸡（公雏）480只，随机分为4组，每组设10个重复，每个重复12只。以正大肉鸡料为基础饲粮，对照组正常饮水，试验组肉鸡每天分别在饮水中添加30 mL小球藻悬浮液、1 mL金藻液、30 mL小球藻悬浮液+1 mL金藻液（联用液），试验期为70 d。结果结果表明：添加小球藻悬浮液、金藻液和联用液显著提高了肉鸡的胸腺指数（P＜0.05），对脾脏指数无显著影响（P＞0.05）；对脾脏和胸腺的组织结构均有不同程度的改善。试验组显著提高了肉鸡血清中IgG的含量（P＜0.05）。与对照组对比，试验组血清中TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6等促炎性细胞因子含量显著降低（P＜0.05），抗炎性因子IL-4含量显著升高（P＜0.05）。结论综上表明，添加小球藻悬浮液、金藻液及联用液均能促进肉鸡免疫器官的发育、提高血液中免疫球蛋白的含量、抑制促炎性细胞因子分泌、促进抗炎性细胞因子生成，从而增强肉鸡的免疫功能。
- 小球藻悬浮液 /
- 金藻液 /
- 肉鸡 /
- 免疫器官 /
- 免疫指标
Abstract: Objective Effects of feeding suspensions of chlorella culture with and/or without fermentation to broilers on the immunity of the birds were studied. Method A total of 480 healthy one-day-old male Liangfeng broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 replicates with 12 birds in each replicate. The broilers were all fed for 70 d with regular forage provided by Lanzhou Zhengda Co., Ltd. The drinking water provided for the 4 groups included water for control and 3 treatments by addition of 30 mL chlorella suspension (CS), 1 mL fermented chlorella suspension (FCS), or 30 mL combination of the two suspensions (CCS). Result The treatments significantly increased the thymus index in the broilers (P＜0.05) but no significant effect on the spleen index (P＞0.05). The improvements on the spleen and thymus tissue structures varied. The treatment broilers showed a significantly increased serum IgG (P＜0.05). Compared to control, the inflammation-promoting factors, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 in serum of the broilers were significantly reduced by the treatments (P＜0.05). For the anti-inflammatory functions, CCS significantly increased IL-4 (P＜0.05). Whereas FCS significantly decreased IL-1β and IL-6 (P＜0.05) and significantly increased IL-4 (P＜0.05). Conclusion The addition of NCS, FCS or CCS in drinking water for the broilers promoted the development of the immunity-related organs of the birds. In addition, significant increases on serum immunoglobulin, inhibition on inflammatory cytokines secretion, and enhancement on anti-inflammatory cytokines production were also found. It appeared that by incorporating the chlorella culture material, with and/or without subsequent fermentation, in the diet feeding broilers the immunity of the flock could be significantly improved.
- Chlorella suspension /
- fermented chlorella suspension /
- broilers /
- immune organs /
- immunity indices

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图 1 小球藻悬浮液与金藻液对肉鸡免疫器官组织结构的影响

注：A～D：脾脏（40×）；E～H：脾脏（200×）；I～L：胸腺（40×）；M～P：胸腺（100×）；A、E、I、M：对照组；B、F、J、N：小球藻组；C、G、K、O：金藻液组；D、H、L、P：联用组；★：脾脏动脉周围淋巴鞘；▲：脾小结

Figure 1. Effect of NCS and FCS on tissue structures of broiler immune organs

Note: A-D: spleen (40×); E-H: spleen (200×); I-L: thymus (40×); M-P: thymus (100×); A, E, I, and M: control; B, F, J, and N: under NCS treatment; C, G, K, and O: under FCS treatment; D, H, L, and P: under CCS treatment; ★: lymphatic sheath around splenic artery; ▲: splenic node.

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表 1 小球藻和金藻液主要营养成分对比（DM基础）

Table 1. Major differences on nutrients in NCS and FCS (on DM basis)　　　　　　　　　　　（单位：mg·g⁻¹）

项目 Items	小球藻 Chlorella	金藻液 Fermented chlorella
粗蛋白 CP	213.13	128.78
多肽 peptides	62.52	227.68
总氨基酸 AA	10.19	23.65
必需氨基酸 EAA	5.04	10.88

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表 2 试验动物处理与分组

Table 2. Treatments and groups of broilers for experimentation

处理 Treatment	对照组 Control group	小球藻组 Chlorella group	金藻液组 Fermented chlorella group	联用组 Combination group
用量 Dosage	正常饮水 Water for free	30 mL	1 mL	30 mL+1 mL
数量 Number	120	120	120	120

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表 3 小球藻悬浮液和金藻液对肉鸡免疫器官指数的影响

Table 3. Effects of NCS and FCS on broiler immune organ indices

项目　　　 Items	对照组 Control group	小球藻组 Chlorella group	金藻液组 Fermented chlorella group	联用组 Combination group	P值 P value
胸腺指数 Thymus Index	3.55±0.52 c	4.59±0.12 b	5.57±0.60 a	5.17±0.78 a	0.007
脾脏指数 Spleen index	1.35±0.31	1.39±0.12	1.39±0.11	1.53±0.30	0.707
注：同行数据后不同小写子母表示差异显著（P＜0.05），相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著（P＞0.05）；下表同。 Note: Different lowercase in peer data indicate significant differences (P＜0.05), and the same lowercase letters or no letters indicate insignificant differences (P＞0.05). The same as below.

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表 4 小球藻悬浮液和金藻液对肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白含量的影响

Table 4. Effects of NCS and FCS on serum immunoglobulin in broilers

项目 Items	对照组 Control group/μg·mL⁻¹	小球藻组 Chlorella group/μg·mL⁻¹	金藻液组 Fermented chlorella group/μg·mL⁻¹	联用组 Combination group/μg·mL⁻¹	P值 P- value
IgG	150.11±27.10 b	173.09±27.44 ab	239.18±37.78 a	224.31±8.63 a	0.004
IgA	2.29±0.15	2.50±0.27	2.65±0.25	2.71±0.30	0.116
IgM	1.73±0.21 b	2.28±0.33 a	2.11±0.29 ab	2.08±0.31 ab	0.100

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表 5 小球藻悬浮液和金藻液对肉鸡血清细胞因子含量的影响

Table 5. Effects of NCS and FCS on serum cytokine in broilers

项目 Items	对照组 Control group/pg·mL⁻¹	小球藻组 Chlorella group/pg·mL⁻¹	金藻液组 Fermented chlorella group/pg·mL⁻¹	联用组 Combination group/pg·mL⁻¹	P值 P value
TNF-α	55.96±9.63 a	44.18±15.87 a	41.33±17.06 ab	24.57±5.02 b	0.012
IFN-γ	35.97±6.81 a	29.25±10.20 a	25.02±9.33 ab	16.07±3.38 b	0.007
IL-1β	22.45±6.67 a	16.42±6.28 ab	14.54±3.31 b	11.17±0.96 b	0.019
IL-2	204.71±39.77 a	213.28±32.74 a	156.84±54.82 ab	102.29±3.84 b	0.028
IL-4	8.68±3.60 c	10.04±4.97 bc	14.30±3.87 ab	18.61±1.86 a	0.003
IL-6	143.63±19.46 a	118.31±8.45 ab	104.41±39.17 bc	77.66±16.15 c	0.002

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