麻地膜对设施网纹甜瓜产量品质与土壤环境的影响

田航飞; 宋晓勇; 韩冰; 徐雯琦; 陈晓峰

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.03.006

麻地膜对设施网纹甜瓜产量品质与土壤环境的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.03.006

中国农业大学烟台研究院，山东　烟台　264670

基金项目: 中国农业大学烟台研究院科研项目（YT201905）；山东省烟台市重点研发计划项目（2016ZH076）；中国农业大学本科生URP项目（U20202001）

详细信息

作者简介:
田航飞（2000−），女，研究方向：设施农业科学与工程专业（E-mail：2775708099@qq.com）

通讯作者:
陈晓峰（1979−），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：设施农业栽培与技术（E-mail：cxfeng1979@126.com）

中图分类号: S 652.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-28
- 修回日期: 2020-11-25
- 网络出版日期: 2021-02-08
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-31

Effects of Degradable Hemp Mulching Film on Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe and Soil in Greenhouse

Yantai Research Institute of China Agricultural University, Shandong Yantai　264670

摘要

摘要: 目的为进一步验证麻地膜覆盖栽培在瓜类作物上的应用效果，通过对比试验比较麻地膜覆盖栽培对网纹甜瓜生长微环境以及其生长发育的影响，为麻地膜在设施栽培中的应用提供理论依据。方法以网纹甜瓜“鲁厚甜1号”为试材，采用单因素随机区组设计方法，研究3种覆盖栽培方法对日光温室网纹甜瓜生长发育以及设施内土壤环境的影响。结果与无地膜覆盖栽培处理（CK）相比，麻地膜（MDM）和PE农用薄膜（PEBM）覆盖栽培地温可提高3.3 ℃左右；MDM处理在一定程度上可以提高土壤含水量，且与PEBM处理没有明显差别。生育期观察发现，MDM、PEBM处理网纹甜瓜植株的授粉日期比CK分别提前了3、4 d，果实采收日期均提前了10 d；与对照相比，MDM和PEBM处理单果重分别提高18.4%和14.7%；MDM处理下增产效果较PEBM处理显著，小区产量和单位面积产量均较PEBM处理提高了3%左右；与CK处理相比，MDM和PEBM处理果实可溶性糖含量分别提高10.7%和9.9%。网纹甜瓜采收结束后，对土壤养分含量进行测定，结果表明，同CK相比，MDM、PEBM处理下土壤速效氮分别下降13.0、9.0 mg·kg⁻¹，土壤速效磷分别下降17.0、9.0 mg·kg⁻¹，土壤速效钾分别下降33.0、24.0 mg·kg⁻¹，但各处理间土壤全效养分含量变化不显著。MDM处理对土壤内微生物的数量有较大影响，其中细菌和真菌的数量增长量最大，分别比CK高101.60%和70.66%，放线菌数量表现出微弱的增长，比CK高23.24%。结论研究结果证实麻地膜覆盖栽培适用于设施网纹甜瓜无公害栽培。
- 麻地膜 /
- 网纹甜瓜 /
- 产量品质 /
- 土壤理化性状
Abstract: Objective Effects of mulching with a degradable hemp film on the melon development and quality as well as the soil properties in greenhouse cultivation of cantaloupes were studied. Methods A mulching film made of hemp fibers (MDM) along with a conventional PE film (PEBM) and without covering as control (CK) was applied on the cultivation bed of Luhoutian No. 1 cantaloupe in a solar greenhouse. Growth and development of the melons and soil conditions were monitored under a single factor random block design experiment. Results Compared with CK, MDM and PEBM mulching increased the soil internal temperature by approximately 3.3 ℃. Both films increased the moisture content of the soil in a similar manner as well. As for the growth and development of the plants, MDM shortened the pollination time by 3d, while PEBM by 4d; and, both films truncated the fruit maturity for harvest by 10 d. Mulching with MDM produced 18.4% higher individual fruit weight, and 14.7% with PEBM; whereas, both films increased 3% on fruit yield per plot and per unit area with significant differences. The soluble sugar content of the melons under the MDM treatment was 10.7% higher; and, 9.9% higher under PEBM. After harvest, the soil mulched with MDM and PEBM decreased, respectively, 13.0 mg·kg⁻¹ and 9.0 mg·kg⁻¹ on available nitrogen, 17.0 mg·kg⁻¹ and 9.0 mg·kg⁻¹ on available phosphorus, and 33.0 mg·kg⁻¹ and 24.0 mg·kg⁻¹ on available potassium. However, no significant differences were observed among the treatments on total nitrogen or potassium contents. MDM mulching also impacted significantly on the microbial population in the soil. The bacterial and fungal counts were 101.60% and 70.66%, respectively, higher, while the actinomycetes 23.24% higher than CK. Conclusion It appeared that the degradable hemp film was a desirable environment-friendly mulching material for cantaloupe farming.
- degradable hemp mulching film /
- yield and quality /
- cantaloupe /
- physiochemical properties of soil

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表 1 不同处理对网纹甜瓜果实生长发育的影响

Table 1. Effects of mulching with different films on growth and development of cantaloupes

处理 Treatments	定植日期 Date of planting	授粉日期 Date of pollination	采收日期 Date of Harvest	果实发育期 Fruit development periods/d	平均单瓜重 Single fruit weight/g	小区产量 Plot yield/kg	单位面积产量 Yield per unit area/ （kg·667 m⁻²）
MDM	2019-03-21	2019-04-19	2019-06-06	48 b	1958±12 a	117±4 a	3406±6 a
PEBM	2019-03-21	2019-04-18	2019-06-06	49 b	1898±20 a	113±2 a	3303±5 a
CK	2019-03-21	2019-04-22	2019-06-15	54 a	1654±7 b	99±7 b	2878±4 b
注: 同列数据之后不同小写字母者表示差异显著（P＜0.05），表2～6同。 Note: Data with different letters on same column show significant difference (P＜0.05). Same for Tables 2-6.

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表 2 不同处理对网纹甜瓜果实营养品质的影响

Table 2. Effects of mulching with different films on nutritional quality of cantaloupes

处理 Treatments	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/ （mg·g⁻¹FW）	可溶性固形物含量/% Soluble solid content	Vc含量/ （µg·g⁻¹FW） Vc content
MDM	139.2±6.6 a	18.3±1.2 a	29.7±1.1 a
PEBM	138.1±7.2 a	18.2±0.8 a	30.1±0.7 a
CK	125.7±10.4 b	16.9±1.0 b	27.5±1.3 b

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表 3 不同处理对土壤温度影响

Table 3. Effect of mulching with different films on soil temperature （单位：℃）

处理 Treatments	2019-03-28		2019-04-12		2019-04-27		2019-05-12		2019-05-27
处理 Treatments	20 cm	40 cm	20 cm	40 cm	20 cm	40 cm	20 cm	40 cm	20 cm	40 cm
MDM	18.3 a	17.6 a	20.9 a	20.4 a	23.0 a	22.1 a	25.0 a	23.9 a	27.6 a	25.9 a
PEBM	18.5 a	17.7 a	20.9 a	20.3 a	23.2 a	22.2 a	25.0 a	24.1 a	27.8 a	26.2 a
CK	15.2 b	14.6 b	17.7 b	17.1 b	19.6 b	18.8 b	21.7 b	20.8 b	24.3 b	22.8 b

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表 4 不同处理对土壤含水量的影响

Table 4. Effect of mulching with different films on soil moisture content

处理 Treatments	土壤含水量 Water content of soil/%
处理 Treatments	2019-03-28	2019-04-12	2019-04-27	2019-05-12	2019-05-27
MDM	37.32±1.01 a	37.05±1.05 a	36.43±0.65 a	35.97±0.65 a	35.66±1.34 a
PEBM	38.86±0.78 a	38.52±1.23 a	37.76±1.35 a	36.66±0.87 a	36.92±0.98 a
CK	36.13±0.94 b	33.56±1.22 b	33.35±0.22 b	32.98±1.43 b	32.25±0.76 b

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表 5 不同处理对土壤养分和pH的影响

Table 5. Effects of mulching with different films on soil nutrients and pH

处理 Treatments	有机质 Organic matter/ （g·kg⁻¹）	速效氮 Available nitrogen/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	速效钾 Available potassium/ （mg·kg⁻¹）	全氮 Total nitrogen/ （g·kg⁻¹）	全钾 Total potassium/ （g·kg⁻¹）	pH值 pH value
MDM	16.5±0.9 b	101±10 b	56±11 c	187±12 b	0.91±0.17 a	4.56±0.22 a	7.01±0.07 b
PEBM	16.8±0.2 b	105±9 b	64±15 b	196±11 b	0.96±0.11 a	4.51±0.34 a	7.05±0.11 b
CK	18.7±1.2 a	114±11 a	73±13 a	220±19 a	0.98±0.09 a	4.35±0.29 a	7.21±0.13 a

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表 6 不同处理对土壤微生物数量的影响

Table 6. Effects of mulching with different films on soil microbial counts

处理 Treatments	微生物数量 microbial quantity
处理 Treatments	细菌 Bacteria/ （×10⁵cfu·g⁻¹）	真菌 Fungi/ （×10³cfu·g⁻¹）	放线菌 Actinomycetes/ （×10⁵cfu·g⁻¹）
MDM	2.52±0.17 a	2.85±0.35 a	2.28±0.21 a
PEBM	2.84±0.15 a	2.37±0.23 a	2.12±0.17 a
CK	1.25±0.12 b	1.67±0.18 b	1.85±0.26 b

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