Microalgae for Effective Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from Aquaculture Effluence
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摘要:
目的 筛选对养殖废水具有脱氮除磷效果的微藻藻种。 方法 选取小球藻JY-1（Chlorella sp.JY-1）、小球藻SY-4（Chlorella sp.SY-4）以及链带藻SH-1（Desmodesmus sp. SH-1）等3株微藻为研究对象，研究其对水产养殖废水脱氮除磷的效果。 结果 培养5 d，JY-1、SY-4和SH-1在7‰±1‰盐度养殖废水中的细胞含量分别为1.56×107、1.47×107、6.62×106个·mL−1；JY-1、SY-4和SH-1对养殖废水中总氮的去除率分别为50.36%、41.51%和49.74%；氨态氮（NH4+-N）的去除率分别为96.29%、84.92%和96.65%；硝态氮（NO3−-N）的去除率分别为15.84%、3.69%和12.56%；总磷（PO43－-P）的去除率分别为93.51%、82.38%和94.25%；对亚硝态氮的去除效果不明显；3株藻在5‰、10‰、20‰和30‰盐度的培养基中均可以正常生长。JY-1在养殖废水中的生长能力和对水体净化能力均优于小球藻SY-4和链带藻SH-1。 结论 小球藻JY-1对水产养殖废水具有较好的脱氮除磷效果。本研究为应用微藻进行养殖废水脱氮除磷处理提供了参考数据。 Abstract:Objective Microalgae capable of effectively removing nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater were screened for potential applications on antipollution or effluence treatment at aquaculture farms. Method Three selected microalgae, Chlorella sp. JY-1, Chlorella sp. SY-4, and Desmodesmus sp. SH-1, were evaluated for their capability in removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater at a shrimp aquaculture farm. Result After 5d of cultivation, the microalgae grew to a cell density in the (7±1)‰ salinity medium at 1.56×107·ml−1 on JY-1, 1.47×107·ml−1 on SY-4, and 6.62×106·ml−1 on SH-1. The removal rate on total nitrogen was 50.36% by JY-1, 41.51% by SY-4, and 49.74% by SH-1; that on ammonia nitrogen, 96.29% by JY-1, 84.92% by SY-4, and 96.65% by SH-1; that on nitrate nitrogen, 15.84% by JY-1, 3.69% by SY-4, and 12.56% by SH-1; and, that on total phosphorus, 93.51% by JY-1, 82.38% by SY-4, and 94.25% by SH-1; but not significant on nitrite nitrogen by any of them. The microalgae appeared to grow normally in a culture medium of 5%, 10%, 20% or 30% salinity. Among them, Chlorella sp. JY-1 performed the best on growth as well as nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the test wastewater. Conclusion Chlorella sp. JY-1 appeared to offer a promising potential for application of purifying aquaculture effluence. -
Key words:
- Microalgae /
- aquaculture wastewater /
- nitrogen and phosphorus removal
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图 1 3种微藻在不同盐度培养基中生长的最终细胞含量
注：不同藻种之间无相同小写字母者表示差异达到显著水平；无相同大写字母者表示差异达到极显著水平。表1~5同。
Figure 1. Final cell densities of microalgae in media of varied salinities
Note: Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant difference; data with different uppercase letters indicate very significant difference.The same as table 1-5.
表 1 3株微藻对水产养殖废水中总氮的去除效果
Table 1. Efficiency of total nitrogen removal by various microalgae
（单位: mg·L−1） 藻种
Species0 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 5 d去除率
removal rate/%SH-1 10.757±0.06 a 8.290±0.06 Dd 7.230±0.07 Cc 5.693±0.06 Cc 5.530±0.03 Cc 5.407±0.06 Cc 49.74 JY-1 10.730±0.06 a 8.690±0.03 Cc 7.323±0.03 Cc 5.707±0.08 Cc 5.593±0.08 Cc 5.327±0.07 Cc 50.36 SY-4 10.760±0.07 a 9.853±0.06 Bb 8.877±0.09 Bb 7.160±0.09 Bb 6.530±0.07 Bb 6.293±0.06 Bb 41.51 CK 10.743±0.06 a 10.550±0.07 Aa 10.430±0.08 Aa 10.363±0.08 Aa 10.307±0.05 Aa 10.210±0.05 Aa 4.96 
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表 2 3株微藻对水产养殖废水中氨氮的去除效果
Table 2. Efficiency of NH4+-N removal by various microalgae
（单位: mg·L−1） 藻种
Species0 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 5 d去除率
removal rate/%SH-1 2.790±0.02 a 1.037±0.03 Dd 0.357±0.03 Cc 0.127±0.00 Cc 0.103±0.00 Cc 0.093±0.00 Cc 96.65 JY-1 2.787±0.02 ab 1.347±0.05 Cc 0.310±0.03 Cc 0.127±0.01 Cc 0.117±0.00 Cc 0.103±0.00 Cc 96.29 SY-4 2.763±0.02 ab 1.967±0.03 Bb 1.180±0.03 Bb 0.777±0.03 Bb 0.543±0.03 Bb 0.417±0.02 Bb 84.92 CK 2.733±0.02 b 2.677±0.02 Aa 2.603±0.03 Aa 2.477±0.02 Aa 2.397±0.02 Aa 2.347±0.02 Aa 14.15
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表 3 3株微藻对水产养殖废水中硝态氮的去除效果
Table 3. Efficiency of NO3−-N removal by various microalgae
（单位: mg·L−1） 藻种
species0 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 5 d去除率
removal rate/%SH-1 3.980±0.03 a 3.937±0.02 a 3.870±0.03 b 3.723±0.02 Bc 3.623±0.02 Cc 3.480±0.03 Cc 12.56 JY-1 3.977±0.02 a 3.920±0.02 a 3.850±0.03 b 3.587±0.03 Cd 3.457±0.02 Dd 3.347±0.02 Dd 15.84 SY-4 3.937±0.02 a 3.950±0.02 a 3.910±0.01 ab 3.877±0.02 Ab 3.850±0.01 Bb 3.827±0.01 Bb 3.69 CK 3.957±0.01 a 3.957±0.02 a 3.940±0.01 a 3.943±0.02 Aa 3.937±0.02 Aa 3.933±0.01 Aa 0.59
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表 4 3株微藻对水产养殖废水中亚硝态氮的去除效果
Table 4. Efficiency of NO2−-N removal by various microalgae
（单位: mg·L−1） 藻种
species0 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 5 d去除率
removal rate/%SH-1 0.100±0.00 a 0.103±0.00 a 0.110±0.00 a 0.130±0.01 Ab 0.143±0.00 Bb 0.163±0.00 Ab −63.33 JY-1 0.100±0.00 a 0.107±0.00 a 0.107±0.00 ab 0.143±0.00 Aa 0.157±0.00 Aa 0.177±0.00 Aa −76.67 SY-4 0.097±0.00 a 0.100±0.00 a 0.100±0.00 b 0.107±0.00 Bc 0.107±0.00 Cc 0.117±0.00 Bc −20.69 CK 0.097±0.00 a 0.100±0.00 a 0.103±0.00 ab 0.100±0.00 Bc 0.103±0.00 Cc 0.103±0.00 Bd −6.90
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表 5 3株微藻对水产养殖废水中总磷的去除效果
Table 5. Efficiency of total phosphate removal by various microalgae
（单位: mg·L−1） 藻种
species0 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 5 d去除率
removal
rate/%SH-1 0.870±0.01 a 0.430±0.02 Cc 0.143±0.01 Dd 0.053±0.00 Cc 0.050±0.01 Cc 0.050±0.00 Cc 94.25 JY-1 0.873±0.02 a 0.427±0.02 Cc 0.187±0.01 Cc 0.057±0.00 Cc 0.053±0.00 Cc 0.057±0.00 Cc 93.51 SY-4 0.870±0.02 A 0.627±0.02 Bb 0.433±0.01 Bb 0.243±0.02 Bb 0.197±0.01 Bb 0.153±0.00 Bb 82.38 CK 0.847±0.00 a 0.847±0.00 Aa 0.843±0.00 Aa 0.847±0.01 Aa 0.843±0.01 Aa 0.843±0.00 Aa 0.39
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