瘤菌根菌对铁皮石斛生长和营养成分的影响

王伟英; 邹晖; 戴艺民; 林江波

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.02.008

瘤菌根菌对铁皮石斛生长和营养成分的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.02.008

福建省农业科学院亚热带农业研究所，福建　漳州　363005

基金项目: 福建省农业科学院科技创新项目（PC2018-13）；福建省自然科学基金项目（2020J011368）

详细信息

作者简介:
王伟英（1980−），女，博士研究生，助理研究员，主要从事农业生物技术研究（E-mail：weiyingwang178@126.com）

通讯作者:
林江波（1976−）男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事农业生物技术研究（E-mail：linjiangbo1976@163.com）

中图分类号: S 667.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-25
- 修回日期: 2020-08-03
- 网络出版日期: 2021-02-08
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-28

Growth and Nutrient Content of Dendrobium officinale as Affected by Epulorhiza Symbiosis

Subtropical Agriculture Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangzhou, Fujian　363005, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解瘤菌根菌与铁皮石斛建立共生关系后对植株地上部生长和营养物质积累的影响。方法通过液体培养瘤菌根菌属菌株，浇灌无菌盆栽铁皮石斛苗的根部共培养，观察铁皮石斛植株的农艺性状的变化，并比较不同年限铁皮石斛鲜条的营养物质含量的变化。结果接菌处理的铁皮石斛盆栽苗比未接菌的对照生长旺盛，叶色浓绿，植株健壮，1年条和2年条的有效茎杆数分别增加了65.67%和74.25%，单茎重分别增加了55.29%和51.45%，差异显著（P＜0.05），提高了铁皮石斛的产量。接菌后还提高了粗多糖、石斛碱、粗蛋白和氨基酸的含量，其中接菌后1年条的粗多糖和粗蛋白含量较未接菌的对照分别提高了30.39%和18.7%，差异显著（P＜0.05）；接菌后1年条和2年条的氨基酸总量显著增加，分别增加了27%和30.25%；粗纤维和灰分的含量在接菌后减少，分别减少了17.76%和36.36%，差异显著（P＜0.05）。结论接入瘤菌根菌能够显著提高铁皮石斛的产量和营养成分的含量，说明增加产量与提高营养物质含量并不矛盾，这对铁皮石斛的有机菌肥的开发应用、人工栽培有机种植以及鲜条采收时间具有重要的指导意义。
- 铁皮石斛 /
- 瘤菌根菌 /
- 营养成分
Abstract: Objective Effects of the symbiosis between Epulorhiza sp. and Dendrobium officinale in a liquid culture medium on the growth and nutrient content of the plant were analyzed. Method In a potted experimentation, the sterile D. officinale seedlings were irrigated with a liquid medium as control or one containing Epulorhiza sp. for the treatment. Agronomic characteristics and nutrient contents of the stems and leaves from one- and 2-year-old D. officinale plantlets were monitored. Result Showing dark green leaves and robust stems, the treatment plantlets grew more vigorously than control. In the presence of Epulorhiza sp., on average the girths of the productive stems of one- and 2-year-old plantlets significantly increased by 65.67% and 74.25%, respectively, and the single stem weight by 55.29% and 51.45%, respectively (P＜0.05). The increases meant improved crop yield. Meanwhile, the contents of polysaccharides, dendrobine, crude protein, and amino acids increased as well. For the one-year-old plantlets, the crude polysaccharides rose significantly by 30.39%, and the crude protein 18.7% (P＜0.05). For both one- and 2-year-old plantlets, the total amino acids significantly increased by 27% and 30.25%, respectively (P＜0.05), while the crude fiber and ash significantly decreased by 17.76% and 36.36%, respectively (P＜0.05). Conclusion Both crop yield and nutrient content of D. officinale could be significantly improved by the presence of Epulorhiza sp. in medium. It suggested the potential benefits of organic fungi-containing manure utilization, artificial greenhouse operation, and harvest time management for the cultivation of D. officinale.
- Dendrobium officinale /
- Epulorhiza sp. /
- nutritional composition

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图 1 瘤菌根菌对不同生长年限铁皮石斛的农艺性状的影响

注：A.种植1 年后的封顶条和长出新芽苗，箭头标记为封顶条；B.2年条；C.1年条

Figure 1. Effect of Epulorhiza symbiosis on agronomic characteristics of one- and 2-year-old D. officinale plantlets

Note: A-capping strip (indicated by arrow) and sprouting seedlings a year after planting; B-stem from 2-year-old plantlet; C-stem from one-year-old plantlet.

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表 1 瘤菌根菌对不同年限铁皮石斛的茎长、有效茎数、茎径、茎重的影响

Table 1. Effect of Epulorhiza symbiosis on length, viable stem count, diameter, and weight of one- and 2-year-old D. officinale stems

测定指标 Measurement index	2年条（Stem of two years）		1年条（Stem of one year）
测定指标 Measurement index	CK	T	CK	T
茎长 Stem length/cm	10.48±0.41 c	15.04±0.99 b	13.02±0.47 bc	19.25±0.62 a
有效茎数 Productive stem/stick	5.33±0.46 d	8.83±0.63 c	10.33±0.53 b	18.00±0.97 a
茎径 Stem diameter/cm	0.38±0.09 c	0.51±0.07 a	0.28±0.08 d	0.45±0.03 b
平均单茎重 Stem weight/g	2.08±0.54 b	3.23±0.43 a	2.06±0.42 b	3.12±0.45 a
注:表中数据为平均值±标准误差，同行数据后不同字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05），表2～3下同。 Note:Data in the table represent average value±standard error，Date followed different letters within row indicate significant difference at 0.05 level. The same as table 2～3 .

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表 2 瘤菌根菌对不同年限铁皮石斛的主要营养成分的影响

Table 2. Effect of Epulorhiza symbiosis on major nutritional constituents in one- and 2-year-old D. officinale （单位：%）

测定指标 Measurement index	2年条 Stem of two years		1年条 Stem of one year
测定指标 Measurement index	CK	T	CK	T
含水量 Water content	81.35±1.02 ab	83.12±1.85 a	73.93±1.63 c	80.05±1.84 b
粗蛋白质 Crude protein	1.26±0.06 b	1.19±0.03 b	1.23±0.01 b	1.46±0.08 a
粗纤维 Crude fiber	2.32±0.12 ab	2.18±0.15 b	2.59±0.13 a	2.13±0.14 b
灰分 Ash	0.38±0.02 a	0.23±0.05 b	0.44±0.06 a	0.28±0.04 b
粗多糖 Crude polysaccharides	12.33±0.26 a	12.17±0.14 a	8.528±0.42 c	11.12±0.36 b
石斛碱 Dendrobine	0.0321±0.001 a	0.0332±0.001 a	0.0327±0.001 a	0.0335±0.001 a
注：试验结果是以鲜重计。 Note: The results were calculated by fresh weight.

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表 3 瘤菌根菌对不同年限铁皮石斛的氨基酸组成的影响

Table 3. Effect of Epulorhiza symbiosis on amino acid composition of one- and 2-year-old D. officinale

（单位：%，以干基计）
氨基酸 Amino acid	2年条 Stem of two years		1年条 Stem of one year
氨基酸 Amino acid	CK	T	CK	T
必需氨基酸 Essential amino acid
苏氨酸 Threonine	0.2584±0.023 b	0.3383±0.028 a	0.1988±0.018 c	0.2578±0.021 b
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine	0.2511±0.015 c	0.3478±0.014 a	0.2007±0.017 d	0.2715±0.018 b
赖氨酸 Lysine	0.3654±0.0233 b	0.4643±0.0188 a	0.2801±0.0245 c	0.3684±0.0164 b
缬草氨酸 Valine	0.2513±0.0151 b	0.3453±0.0135 a	0.2029±0.0166 c	0.2713±0.0173 b
蛋氨酸 Methionine	0.0348±0.0054 b	0.0294±0.0035 c	0.0419±0.0078 a	0.0357±0.0054 b
异亮氨酸 Isoleucine	0.2439±0.0233 b	0.3264±0.0114 a	0.1928±0.0164 c	0.2550±0.0135 b
亮氨酸 Isoleucine	0.5260±0.0236 b	0.6730±0.0295 a	0.4095±0.0216 c	0.5298±0.0303 b
非必需氨基酸 Nonessential amino acid
天门冬氨基酸 Aspartic acid	1.0619±0.1236 b	1.2087±0.0853 a	0.7014±0.0735 d	0.9148±0.0892 c
络氨酸 Tyrosine	0.1958±0.0191 b	0.3135±0.0253 a	0.1638±0.0128 c	0.1544±0.0142 c
丝氨酸 Serine	0.2054±0.0172 c	0.2923±0.0153 a	0.1697±0.0178 d	0.2340±0.0116 b
谷氨酸 Glutamic acid	0.7847±0.0895 b	1.0095±0.0617 a	0.5406±0.0591 c	0.7381±0.0453 b
甘氨酸 Glutamic acid	0.2707±0.0120 b	0.3641±0.0046 a	0.2102±0.0131 c	0.2786±0.087 b
丙氨酸 Alanine	0.2381±0.0106 c	0.3198±0.0107 a	0.1856±0.0238 d	0.2608±0.062 b
胱氨酸 Cystine	0.0386±0.0046 b	0.0500±0.0040 a	0.0215±0.0013 d	0.0262±0.0018 c
组氨酸 Histidine	0.0970±0.0054 c	0.1428±0.0036 a	0.0.813±0.0068 d	0.1099±0.0051 b
精氨酸 Arginine	0.4230±0.0082 b	0.4529±0.0112 a	0.2461±0.0043 d	0.2842±0.0103 c
脯氨酸 Proline	0.2157±0.0059 b	0.3186±0.0062 a	0.1630±0.0040 c	0.2195±0.0093 b
氨基酸总量 Total amino acid,EAA，TAA	5.4618±0.2426 b	6.9401±0.5769 a	4.0038±0.3163 c	5.2100±0.4216 b
必需氨基酸总量 Essential amino acid,EAA	1.9334±0.1581 b	2.5678±0.1834 a	1.5214±0.1735 c	1.9798±0.1088 b
非必需氨基酸总量 Nonessential amino acid,NEAA	3.5284±0.2193 b	4.3723±0.1532 a	2.4797±0.2353 c	3.2302±0.2014 b
必需氨基酸含量/氨基酸总量 Essential amino acid/ Total amino acid（EAA/TAA）	0.35±0.01 b	0.37±0.01 a	0.38±0.01 a	0.38±0.01 a
必需氨基酸总量/非必需氨基酸总量 Essential amino acid/ Nonessential amino acid（EAA/NEAA）	0.55±0.04 a	0.59±0.06 a	0.61±0.07 a	0.61±0.08 a

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