花生壳替代泥炭土对基质及金线莲生长和品质的影响

朱巧莲; 池冰婕; 童晨晓; 张红雪; 胡坤; 郭力铭; 周碧青; 毛艳玲

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.01.010

花生壳替代泥炭土对基质及金线莲生长和品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.01.010

朱巧莲^1,,
池冰婕¹,
童晨晓¹,
张红雪¹,
胡坤¹,
郭力铭¹,
周碧青^{1, 2},
毛艳玲^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
福建农林大学资源与环境学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
土壤生态系统健康与调控福建省高校重点实验室，福建　福州　350002
3.
自然生物资源保育利用福建省高校工程研究中心，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 中央财政林业科技推广示范项目（闽[2018]TG15号）；福建省林业科技推广项目（2020TG17）；福建农林大学科技创新专项基金（CXZX2019080S）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱巧莲（1994−），女，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤碳氮组分研究（E-mail：934685513@qq.com）

通讯作者:
毛艳玲（1972-），女，博士，教授，主要从事土壤碳氮循环研究（E-mail：fafum@126.com）

中图分类号: S 567.23；S 567.9
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-04
- 修回日期: 2021-01-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-02-08
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-31

Effect of peanut shell replacing peat soil on cultivation substrate properties and Anoectochilus roxburghii growth and quality

1.
College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
3.
Fujian University Engineering Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Natural biological Resources, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究花生壳替代泥炭土作为栽培基质对金线莲生长品质及基质性质的影响，筛选出适宜金线莲生长的栽培基质配比。方法通过盆栽试验，设置5种处理基质：CK（100%泥炭土）、N75（75%泥炭土+25%花生壳）、N67（67%泥炭土+33%花生壳）、N50（50%泥炭土+50%花生壳）、N33（33%泥炭土+67%花生壳），探究不同配比栽培基质对基质理化性质及金线莲的生长、品质影响。结果（1）花生壳替代泥炭土可以提高基质通气性、持水性和肥力，与对照相比，33%泥炭土+67%花生壳处理基质容重降低53.84%，最大持水量、非毛管孔隙度增加97.14%、148.35%，全氮含量增加7.85%，速效磷增加67.76%，速效钾增加1830.53%，且存在显著差异；（2）33%泥炭土+67%花生壳为栽培基质的金线莲生长状况、品质最好，其株高、根长、叶长、叶宽均显著优于对照组；其总黄酮、多糖、游离氨基酸、总酚含量与对照相比，分别提高41.57%、30.59%、45.08%、53.16%，且存在显著差异。结论花生壳替代泥炭土能提升基质肥力、促进金线莲生长和提高金线莲品质，配比为33%泥炭土+67%花生壳的基质效果最佳。
- 金线莲 /
- 花生壳 /
- 土壤理化性质 /
- 品质 /
- 栽培基质
Abstract: Objective Effects of peanut shell replacing peat soil as the cultivation substrate on the substrate properties and the growth quality of Anoectochilus roxburghii were studied to obtain the optimal substrate ratio for Anoectochilus roxburghii cultivation. Method Five ratios of peanut shell to peat soil, including CK (100% peat soil), N75 (75% peat soil + 25% peanut shell), N67 (67% peat soil + 33% peanut shell), N50 (50% peat soil + 50% peanut shell) and N33 (33% peat soil + 67% peanut shell), were setted to study the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the growth and quality of Anoectochilus roxburghii by pot experiment. Result (1) The replacement of peat soil by peanut shell improved the aeration, water holding capacity and fertility of cultivation substrate. Compared with control, the bulk density of 33% peat soil + 67% peanut shell treatment reduced by 53.84%, maximum water holding capacity and non-capillary porosity increased by 97.14% and 148.35%, and total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and vailable potassium content increased by 7.85%, 67.76%, 1830.53%, resectively, with significant difference. (2) The growth and quality of Anoectochilus roxburghiithe was the best under 33% peat soil + 67% peanut shell treatmentm, the plant height, root length, leaf length, and leaf width of which were significantly better than those of the control group; and the contents of total flavonoids, polysaccharides, free amino acids, and total phenols were significantly increased by 41.57%, 30.59%, 45.08%, and 53.16%, respectively, with significant differences. Conclusion 33% peat soil + 67% peanut shell was the optimal ratio as substract for Anoectochilus roxburghiithe by increasing the soil fertility and improving the growth quality.
- Anoectochilus roxburghii /
- peanut shell /
- soil physical and chemical properties /
- quality /
- cultivation substrate

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表 1 各栽培基质物理性质

Table 1. Soil physical properties of different cultivation substrates

处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density/(g·cm⁻³)	最大持水量 Maximum water holding capacity/(g·kg⁻¹)	毛管持水量 Capillary water holding capacity/(g·kg⁻¹)	田间持水量 Field water holding capacity/(g·kg⁻¹)	非毛管孔隙度 Non-capillary porosity/%	毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity/%	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%
CK	0.36±0.03 a	2167.93±14.16 c	1627.80±17.27 a	1616.95±15.83 a	18.88±4.10 c	58.85±3.50 a	77.73±3.70 a
N75	0.23±0.01 b	3118.12±31.91 b	1413.60±14.25 a	1420.80±12.34 a	35.90±3.83 b	39.18±2.43 b	69.75±4.18 a
N67	0.32±0.02 a	2543.20±27.69 c	1541.04±20.37 a	1516.18±21.39 a	31.03±3.27 b	48.58±4.14 a	79.61±2.70 a
N50	0.35±0.01 a	2273.50±11.74 c	1550.21±36.13 a	1533.12±26.84 a	26.17±2.73 bc	56.53±3.25 a	82.70±3.34 a
N33	0.17±0.00 b	4273.79±22.58 a	1417.12±25.31 a	1371.38±31.64 a	46.88±3.59 a	38.14±1.80 b	78.50±1.03 a
注：表中同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著（P ＜0.05），表2～5同。 Note: Different lowercase letters on the same column indicate significant differences at P＜0.05. The same as table 2–5.

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表 2 花生壳替代泥炭土对基质养分的影响

Table 2. Effect of peanut shell replacing peat soil on substrate nutrient

处理 Treatment	全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g·kg⁻¹)	全磷 Total phosphorus/ (g·kg⁻¹)	全钾 Total potassium/( g·kg⁻¹)	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen/(mg·kg⁻¹)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg⁻¹)
CK	13.54±0.58 b	0.76±0.05 b	6.99±0.49 c	672.00±1.9 c	88.50±5.16 d	112.43±6.6 d
N75	13.95±0.34 ab	0.80±0.04 ab	8.70±0.03 a	731.68±18.7 b	91.06±7.07 d	505.76±3.6 c
N67	14.10±0.15 ab	0.81±0.05 ab	8.97±0.14 a	742.00±4.5 b	114.19±4.16 c	651.87±8.2 c
N50	14.22±0.29 a	0.88±0.03 a	8.38±0.43 a	780.89±22.7 a	136.91±4.04 b	1251.74±6.7 b
N33	14.60±0.79 a	0.79±0.07 ab	7.35±0.84 b	785.50±15.8 a	148.47±1.28 a	2170.50±5.5 a

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表 4 花生壳替代泥炭土对金线莲产量及成活率的影响

Table 4. Effects of peanut shell replacing peat soil on yield and survival rate of Anoectochilus roxburghii

处理 Treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight/g	成活率 Survival rate/%	折干率 Discount rate/%
CK	1.24±0.05 c	90.00±0.10 a	8.01±1.14 b
N75	1.46±0.03 b	93.00±0.12 a	8.88±0.23 b
N67	1.51±0.02 b	90.00±0.10 a	10.93±0.28 a
N50	1.71±0.09 a	87.00±0.12 a	11.03±0.97 a
N33	1.54±0.12 b	87.00±0.06 a	10.78±0.32 a

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表 3 花生壳替代泥炭土对金线莲根、叶、株高及茎粗的影响

Table 3. Effect of peanut shell replacing peat soil on the roots, leaves, plant height and stem diameter of Anoectochilus roxburghii

处理 Treatment	根长 Root length/cm	根数 Root number	不定根数 Adventitious root	叶片数 Leaf number	叶长 Leaf length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm	株高 Plant height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm
CK	3.29±0.13 c	2.87±1.18 b	1.71±0.14 d	3.41±0.13 c	2.22±0.01 c	1.70±0.07 b	6.81±0.10 d	2.54±0.05 c
N75	4.22±0.37 b	3.09±3.11 b	2.07±0.26 c	4.20±0.16 b	2.43±0.10 b	1.75±0.05 b	10.36±0.20 c	2.58±0.08 bc
N67	4.36±0.20 b	3.66±2.15 a	2.19±0.27 ab	4.65±0.14 a	2.47±0.13 b	1.78±0.05 b	10.86±0.28 b	2.60±0.08 bc
N50	4.70±0.16 a	3.60±1.15 a	2.28±0.11 ab	4.70±0.11 a	2.81±0.16 a	2.01±0.09 a	11.16±0.01 a	2.65±0.03 b
N33	4.73±0.07 a	3.88±0.17 a	2.50±0.18 a	4.72±0.18 a	2.49±0.07 b	1.80±0.04 b	11.38±0.11 a	2.78±0.03 a

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表 5 花生壳替代泥炭土对金线莲品质的影响

Table 5. Effect of peanut shell replacing peat soil on the quality of Anoectochilus roxburghii

处理 Treatment	维生素C含量 Vc/(mg·hg⁻¹)	总黄酮 Total flavonoids/(mg·g⁻¹)	多糖 Polysaccharide/(mg·g⁻¹)	游离氨基酸 Free amino acid/(mg·g⁻¹)	总酚 Total phenols/(mg·g⁻¹)
CK	11.53± 2.80 b	5.75± 0.13 b	53.74± 0.56 c	51.35±5.25 b	6.96± 1.19 b
N75	12.11±1.77 b	6.29± 0.02 b	60.03±0.84 b	66.31±6.38 b	7.69± 0.91 b
N67	13.17± 0.61 b	6.39± 0.14 b	61.89± 0.63 b	69.39± 4.03 b	7.88± 2.69 b
N50	18.94± 2.86 a	6.64± 0.11 b	65.29± 3.37 ab	71.13± 4.19 b	7.98± 1.07 b
N33	15.08± 1.31 ab	8.14± 0.41 a	70.18±2.14 a	74.50±5.89 a	10.66±2.36 a

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