• 中文核心期刊
  • CSCD来源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • CA、CABI、ZR收录期刊

避雨栽培对梨树根际土壤细菌群落的影响

Effects of Rain-shelter cultivation on the rhizosphere bacterial communities of pear trees

  • 摘要:
      目的  研究避雨栽培对梨树根际土壤细菌群落的影响,为完善避雨栽培土壤管理措施提供理论依据。
      方法  以同一梨园进行避雨和露地处理的梨树根际土壤为研究对象,测定和分析不同栽培方式对梨树根际微生物群落的影响以及其与土壤化学性质和梨果实品质之间的关系。
      结果  梨树果实品质测定结果表明,相对于露地栽培,避雨栽培可以显著提高梨果实的蔗糖、还原糖含量,分别提高了1.83倍和1.08倍,但维生素C和总酸含量显著降低,分别减少了1.23倍和1.20倍。糖酸比显著增加,果实品质更好。梨园土壤化学性质结果表明,避雨处理的土壤速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量及含水量显著低于露地处理,全氮显著高于露地处理。根际土壤微生物测序分析结果表明,避雨处理的梨树根际土壤在门水平的细菌群落主要以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为主,露地处理的梨树根际土壤在门水平的细菌群落主要以不可培养细菌(uncultured bacterium)、不可培养的森林土壤细菌(uncultured forest soil bacterium)和不可培养的变形菌(uncultured proteobacterium)为主;避雨处理显著增加根际微生物多样性和丰富度。相关性分析结果表明,避雨栽培根际微生物属多样性与全氮、速效氮含量和pH值正相关,但与全钾、全磷、速效钾、速效磷、有机质和水分含量呈负相关,而与果实蔗糖和还原糖含量正相关。
      结论  避雨栽培对微生物多样性和丰富度有促进作用,增强梨树根际微生态环境的稳定性,有利于梨树生长和果实产量和品质,但不利于土壤的物质循环。适当的露地栽培有利于梨园的土壤物质循环,提高梨园生产的可持续性。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  To provide a theoretical basis for improving soil management measures of rain shelter treatment, the effects of rain shelter treatment on the bacterial community of pear tree rhizosphere soil were studied.
      Method  The fruit qualities, and soil chemical properties and taxonomic composition of bacteria communities were determined under rain-shelter treatment and open field treatment in the same pear orchard. The correlation between bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of pear trees and the physio-chemical and fruit quality indicators under different treatments were analyzed.
      Result   The results of pear fruit quality showed that the content of sucrose and reducing sugar under rain-shelter treatment were increased by 1.83 times and 1.08 times, respectively, as much that under open field treatment. The content of vitamin C and total acid under rain-shelter treatment were significantly decreased by 1.23 times and 1.20 times, respectively, as much that under open field treatment. Compared with open field treatment, the ratio of sugar to acid in rain-sheltered treatment increased significantly and fruit quality was better. The results of soil chemical properties of pear orchard showed that the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and water content in the rain shelter treatment were significantly lower than those in the open field treatment, while the total nitrogen was significantly higher than that in the open field treatment. Sequencing analysis of rhizosphere soil microorganisms showed that the main bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of pear trees under rain shelter treatment were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria at the phylum level. Uncultured bacterium, uncultured forest soil bacterium and uncultured proteobacterium were the main bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of pear trees in the open field. Rain-shelter treatment significantly increased rhizosphere microbial diversity and richness. Correlation analysis showed that the rhizosphere microbial diversity was positively correlated with total nitrogen, available nitrogen and pH value, but was negatively correlated with total potassium, total phosphorus, available potassium, available phosphorus, organic matter and water content, and was positively correlated with sucrose and reducing sugar content.
      Conclusion  Rain-shelter cultivation can promote the diversity and richness of microorganisms, enhance the stability of the rhizosphere micro-ecological environment. Rain-shelter treatment is conducive to the growth of pear trees and the formation of fruit yield and quality, but it was disadvantageous to soil material circulation. Proper open shelter cultivation could make use of soil material circulation in pear orchard and improve the sustainability of pear orchard production.

     

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