濒危半红树植物玉蕊对潮汐淹浸逆境的应答特性分析

梁芳; 潘艳菊; 邓旭; 吴玉霜; 梁泽锐; 赵仕花; 檀小辉

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.12.008

濒危半红树植物玉蕊对潮汐淹浸逆境的应答特性分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.12.008

1.
玉林师范学院，广西　玉林　537000
2.
广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所，广西　南宁　530001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31660226）

详细信息

作者简介:
梁芳（1984−），女，硕士，副教授，研究方向：园林植物抗逆生理（Email：liangfang360@163.com）

通讯作者:
檀小辉（1984−），男，博士研究生，助理研究员，研究方向：植物生理及分子生物学（E-mail：xiaohuitan@126.com）

中图分类号: S 792
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-25
- 修回日期: 2020-11-12
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-24
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-31

Responses of Barringtonia racemosa to Tidal Flooding

1.
Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi　530700, China
2.
Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi　530001, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析濒危半红树植物玉蕊对潮汐淹浸逆境的应答特性，为玉蕊在城市内河、滨湖、湿地恢复等景观应用中的适宜淹水时长选择提供科学依据。方法以二年生玉蕊实生幼苗为材料，试验模拟半日潮，研究各幼苗在不同淹水时长的潮汐淹浸逆境中的植株形态、生理生化及矿质元素的应答特性。结果（1）玉蕊幼苗经过250 d的潮汐淹浸逆境胁迫处理都能存活，其株高、叶片数、叶面积都显著低于对照植株，穿袋株数量、产生气生根及皮孔的数量均显著高于对照组。（2）玉蕊叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素总量（16 h·d⁻¹除外）整体呈下降趋势；MDA含量整体呈上升趋势（14 h·d⁻¹除外），并与脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量在淹水10 h·d⁻¹时达到最大值，且均显著大于CK；（3）淹浸逆境胁迫促进叶片N、P、Fe元素的吸收，但抑制K、Cu元素的吸收。结论叶面积、叶片磷元素含量、叶绿素总含量、侧根表面积、CAT活性、POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量是玉蕊应答淹浸胁迫的主要指标；玉蕊对淹水时长≤20 h·d⁻¹的半日潮淹浸逆境有很强的耐受性和适应性，可配植于城市内河易淹水的岸域、滨湖绿带及淡水湿地等景观环境中。
- 玉蕊 /
- 半红树植物 /
- 濒危 /
- 潮汐淹浸 /
- 胁迫
Abstract: Objective Responses of the endangered semi-mangrove Barringtonia racemosa to submergence in tides were studied to determine the adequacy of their planting for urban inland river, lakeside, and wetland restorations or other similar landscape projects. Method Two-year-old B. racemosa seedlings were used in the simulated semi-diurnal tide experiment. Morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and mineral contents of the plants in response to tidal submergence for varied durations were monitored. Result (1) The seedlings survived 250 d under the flooding treatments, but the plant height, leaf count, and leaf area were significantly lower, while the numbers of aerial roots, piercing plants, and lenticels significantly higher, than those of control. (2) The chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll in the leaves decreased continuously under flooding, except the 16 h·d⁻¹ submergence treatment; MDA increased, except the 14 h·d⁻¹ treatment; and, MDA, proline, and soluble sugars became significantly higher than those of CK and peaked under the 10 h·d⁻¹ treatment. (3) The flooding increased the absorption of N, P, and Fe but inhibited that of K and Cu in the leaves. Conclusion The area, the contents of P, total chlorophyll, and soluble protein, and the activities of CAT and POD of leaves as well as the surface area of lateral roots were the major indicators that reflected the responses of B. racemosa to the flooding stress. The plants showed strong tolerance and adaptability to the adversity brought about by the semi-diurnal tides that lasted 20 h·d⁻¹. Thus, B. racemosa could be adequately planted for landscaping at waterfront, lakeshore green belt, and/or freshwater wetland.
- Barringtonia racemosa /
- semi-mangrove plant /
- endangered /
- tidal flooding /
- stress

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图 1 淹浸逆境对玉蕊株高、地径、叶片数及叶面积的影响

注：不同处理间玉蕊幼苗叶片的株高总增量（A）、地径总增长量（B）、叶片数变化量（C）及叶面积（D）。不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05），差异性分析为不同处理间的差异性比较，图2~7同。

Figure 1. Effects of flooding on plant height, underground trunk girth, leaf number, and leaf area of B. racemose

Note: Increases on plant height (A), increases on underground trunk girth (B), changes on leaf count (C), and changes on leaf area (D) of B. racemosa seedlings under treatments. Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P＜0.05 on different treatments. Same for the following.

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图 2 淹浸逆境对玉蕊气生根数、穿袋株数、皮孔数及主侧根表面积的影响

注：不同处理间玉蕊幼苗叶片的气生根数（A）、穿袋株数（B）、皮孔数（C）、主根表面积（D）及侧根表面积（E）。

Figure 2. Effects of flooding on numbers of aerial roots, piercing plants, and lenticels and surface area of main and lateral roots of B. racemose

Note: Number of aerial roots (A), number of plants penetrated breeding bag (B), number of pores (C), surface area of main roots (D), and surface area of lateral roots (E) of B. racemosa seedlings under treatments.

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图 5 淹浸逆境对玉蕊叶片渗透物质及细胞膜的影响

注：不同处理间玉蕊幼苗叶片的脯氨酸（A）、可溶性糖（B）、可溶性蛋白（C）及丙二醛的含量（D）。

Figure 5. Effects of flooding on osmotic substances and cell membrane of B. racemosa leaves

Note: Contents of proline (A), soluble sugar (B), soluble protein (C) and MDA (D) of B. racemosa seedlings under treatments.

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图 6 淹浸逆境对玉蕊叶片氮磷钾的影响

注：不同处理间玉蕊幼苗叶片的硝态氮（A）、有效磷（B）和有效钾的含量（C）。

Figure 6. Effects of flooding on N, P, and K in B. racemosa leaves

Note: Contents of nitrate N (A), effective P (B), and effective K (C) of B. racemosa seedlings under treatments.

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图 3 淹浸逆境对玉蕊叶绿素含量的影响

注：不同处理间玉蕊幼苗叶片的叶绿素a的含量（A）、叶绿素b的含量（B）及叶绿素的总含量（C）。

Figure 3. Effect of flooding on chlorophyll content of B. racemose

Note: Chlorophyll a (A), chlorophyll b (B), and total chlorophyll (C) of B. racemosa seedlings under treatments.

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图 4 淹浸逆境对玉蕊叶片酶系统的影响

注：不同处理间玉蕊幼苗叶片的SOD活性（A）、POD活性（B）及CAT活性（C）。

Figure 4. Effect of flooding on enzyme activities of B. racemosa leaves

Note: Activities of SOD (A), POD (B), and CAT (C) of B. racemosa seedlings under treatments.

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图 7 淹浸逆境对玉蕊叶片铁、铜离子的影响

注：不同处理间玉蕊幼苗叶片矿质元素的Fe含量（A）和Cu的含量（B）。

Figure 7. Effects of flooding on Fe and Cu ions in B. racemosa leaves

Note: Contents of Fe (A) and Cu (B) of B. racemosa seedlings under treatments.

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表 1 玉蕊对淹浸逆境应答指标的主成分分析

Table 1. Principal component analysis on responses of B. racemosa to flooding

应答指标 Response indicators	主成分矩阵 Principal component matrix ^a
应答指标 Response indicators	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
株高 Plant height	0.780	−0.212	0.119	0.027	−0.016	−0.079	−0.286
地径 Ground diameter	−0.121	0.586	0.387	0.149	0.469	0.149	0.188
叶片数 Number of blades	0.770	−0.107	0.202	0.007	0.031	−0.263	0.010
叶面积 leaf area	0.822	0.000	−0.329	0.203	0.007	0.140	0.004
皮孔数 Number of lenticels	−0.703	−0.398	−0.103	−0.366	0.025	0.129	−0.196
主根表面积 Surface area of taproot	0.370	0.159	0.269	0.563	−0.430	−0.014	−0.316
侧根表面积 Surface area of lateral roots	0.132	0.250	0.460	0.703	−0.082	0.353	0.090
叶绿素 a Chlorophyll a	0.599	0.125	−0.153	−0.429	0.335	0.160	0.028
叶绿素 b Chlorophyll b	−0.287	0.049	−0.820	0.404	−0.074	−0.056	0.098
叶绿素总量 Total chlorophyll	0.398	−0.051	0.728	−0.488	0.081	0.068	−0.095
SOD活性 SOD activity	0.573	0.194	−0.572	−0.082	0.179	0.272	0.093
POD活性 POD activity	−0.027	−0.381	0.201	−0.157	−0.604	0.355	0.433
CAT活性 CAT activity	−0.334	0.247	0.057	0.242	0.538	−0.497	0.153
脯氨酸含量 Proline content	−0.098	0.602	0.130	−0.679	−0.207	0.062	0.076
可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	−0.155	0.638	0.493	0.181	0.022	−0.114	−0.216
可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content	−0.346	−0.070	0.096	0.123	0.509	0.691	−0.104
丙二醛含量 Malondialdehyde content	−0.164	0.535	−0.323	−0.279	−0.139	0.189	−0.589
硝态 N含量 Nitrate N content	−0.549	−0.569	0.227	0.270	−0.101	0.145	−0.013
P含量 P content	0.111	0.877	0.009	−0.075	−0.105	0.148	0.289
K含量 K content	0.477	−0.660	0.155	−0.197	0.145	−0.097	0.168
Fe含量 Fe content	−0.449	0.561	0.066	−0.235	−0.284	−0.245	0.126
Cu含量 Cu content	0.418	0.585	−0.230	0.146	−0.167	0.057	0.095
特征值 Characteristic value	4.679	4.155	2.71	2.467	1.695	1.385	1.05
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	21.267	18.888	12.32	11.211	7.707	6.297	4.772
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	21.267	40.155	52.475	63.686	71.393	77.691	82.462
注：提取方法：主成分；a：已提取了7个成分。 Note: Extraction method: principal component; a:7 principle components extracted.

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