几种植物生长调节剂对春谷生长发育及产量的影响

常乐; 王丽霞; 郭二虎; 张艾英

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.12.002

几种植物生长调节剂对春谷生长发育及产量的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.12.002

1.
长治职业技术学院，山西　长治　046000
2.
山西农业大学山西省农业科学院谷子研究所，山西　长治　046000

基金项目: 国家现代产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-06-13.5-A21）；华北丘陵区谷子优质高效轻简栽培技术集成与示范（2020YFD1000803-2）；山西省农业科学院农业创新研究课题特色产业重点研发专项（YCX2019T05）

详细信息

作者简介:
常乐（1981−），男，硕士，讲师，主要从事生物技术及作物栽培研究(E-mail：80296068@qq.com)

通讯作者:
王丽霞（1983−），女，硕士，副研究员，主要从事谷子育种栽培及植物保护研究（E-mail：gzswlx1983@163.com）

中图分类号: S 515
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-03
- 修回日期: 2020-08-29
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-31

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield of Spring Foxtail Millet

1.
Changzhi Professional Technique Academy, Changzhi, Shanxi　046000, China
2.
Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Academy of agricultural Sciences. Millet Research Institute, Changzhi　046000, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 目的筛选出能有效降低春谷株高，提高其抗倒伏能力的植物生长调节剂及其最佳喷施期，并探讨不同药剂对春谷生长发育和产量的影响。方法分别于苗期、拔节期，对中晚熟区春谷（长生07）喷施5种植物生长调节剂（缩节胺、多效唑、赤霉酸、矮壮素、乙烯利），并设置清水对照（CK）。于灌浆期、成熟期测定各处理谷子叶绿素、光合速率、干物质积累量，以及主要农艺性状、产量等指标。结果（1）在春谷苗期和拔节期喷施矮壮素、多效唑、缩节胺3种药剂，都能不同程度地矮化植株，增加茎粗，调节次生根数和根重；提高叶片的叶绿素含量，增强光合效率。其中：苗期施用效果优于拔节期，并以矮壮素的效果最佳，与CK相比，苗期施用矮壮素处理的株高显著降低(−8.16%)，茎粗（+6.67%）、次生根数量（+18.18%）和净光合效率（+16.07%）均显著增加（P＜0.05），产量也有所增加(2016年+5.58%，2017年+5.67%）。多效唑的效果次之，与CK相比，在苗期、拔节期喷施多效唑，株高分别降低4.19%、2.24%，茎粗分别增加5.00%、3.21%，根重分别增加34.3%、30.4%（P＜0.05）。缩节胺对株高和茎粗影响效果较为有限。（2）拔节期喷施乙烯利也能达到矮化和增产的效果，与CK相比，茎粗增加5.38%，次生根数增加21.21%，根重增加39.6%，穗干重和地上部干重均增加8.54%，差异均达显著水平（P＜0.05），但叶绿素含量和净光合速率均降低。结论中晚熟区春谷可通过在苗期喷施多效唑、矮壮素，或于拔节期喷施乙烯利等措施，使现有品种株高降低、茎粗增加，从而适合机械栽培，并达到增强抗倒伏能力和增产目的。
- 植物生长调节剂 /
- 春谷 /
- 生长发育 /
- 干物质 /
- 产量
Abstract: Objective Various plant growth regulators (PGRs) capable of reducing plant height and improve lodging resistance without affecting crop yield were tested on the spring foxtail millet. Optimal spraying time of the selected agents were determined based on the effects on growth, development, and yield of the plants after the treatments. Method On the spring foxtail millet, Changsheng 07, at the seedling or jointing stage, 5 PGRs for the treatment, as well as water as control, were sprayed separately. At booting and maturity stages, chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, dry matters accumulation, major agronomic traits, and yield of the plants were measured for comparison. Result Among PGRs applied, chlormequat, paclobutrazol, and mepiquat chloride were found to dwarf the plants in varying degrees. The treatments increased the stem diameter, altered the secondary root number and weight, improved the lodging resistance, and increased the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of the plants over control. Even the crop yield rose under the treatments as the plant tissues continued to propagate and accumulate at the booting stage. Spraying of the PGRs at seedling stage produced greater effects than at jointing stage, and the chlormequat application was more effective than the other PGRs. Compared to control, the treated plants were significantly shorter on height (decreased by 8.16%), larger in stem diameter (increased by 6.67%), more secondary roots with count increased (rose by 18.18%), greater net photosynthetic efficiency (higher by 16.07%) (P<0.05), and higher yield with 5.58% increase in 2016 and 5.67% in 2017. Less effective than chlormequat, paclobutrazol sprayed at seedling stage caused a plant height reduction of 4.19%, a stem girth enlargement of 5.00%, and a root weight increase of 34.3%, while at the jointing stages, those of 2.24%, 3.21%, and 30.4%, respectively, in comparison to those of control. Among the three agents, mepiquat chloride was least effective in dwarfing the plant. After spraying at the seedling and jointing stages, the plant height decreased merely by 2.31% and 0.79%, respectively, while the stem thickness increased by 4.1% and 1.67%, respectively, over control. The application of ethephon at jointing stage also significantly dwarfed the plant with a 5.38% increase on stem thickness, 21.21% increase on secondary root count, 39.6% increase on root weight, 8.54% increases on dry matters and aboveground plant weights, but significant decreases on chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate, over control. Conclusion The plant height and stem girth of the existing mid-and-late-maturing spring foxtail millet cultivars could be altered by spraying chlormequat or paclobutrazol at seedling stage or ethephon at jointing stage to facilitate mechanical cultivation, increase lodging resistance, and improve yield of the hay stock.
- plant growth regulator /
- spring foxtail millet /
- growth and development /
- dry matters /
- yield

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图 1 不同处理对春谷叶绿素SPAD值的影响

注：（1）相同生育期不同处理间无相同小写字母表示差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）；（2）图中数据为2016年和2017年两年平均值。图2同。

Figure 1. Effects of spraying PGRs on chlorophyll SPAD of millet leaves

Note: (1) Data with differenet lowercase letters for same growth period indicate significant difference at P＜0.05. (2) The data in the figure is the two-year average of 2016 and 2017. The same as figure 2.

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图 2 不同处理对春谷净光合速率的影响

Figure 2. Effects of spraying PGRs on net photosynthetic rate of millet plants

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表 1 试验用药剂

Table 1. PGRs used in experimentation

处理 Treat-ment	药剂 Plant Growth Regulator	有效成分含量及剂型 Component	生产厂家 Manufacturer
A	缩节胺 Mepiquat chloride	98%粉剂 98% Powder	山东聊城亿丰农用化工有限公司 Shandong Liaocheng Yifeng Agricultural Chemical Co., Ltd.
B	多效唑 Paclobutrazol	15%可湿性粉剂 15% Wettable powder	江苏剑牌农化股份有限公司 Jiangsu Jianpai Agrochemical Co., Ltd.
C	赤霉酸 Gibberellic acid	75%结晶粉 75% Crystalline powder	上海同瑞生物科技有限公司 Shanghai Tongrui Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
D	矮壮素 Chlormequat chloride	50%水剂 50% Water Aqua	安阳全丰生物科技有限公司 Anyang Quanfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
E	乙烯利 Ethephon	30%水剂 30% Water Aqua	福建浩伦生物工程技术有限公司 Fujian Haolun Bioengineering Technology Co., Ltd.
CK	清水对照 Water control

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表 2 不同处理施药后春谷植株农艺性状比较

Table 2. Agronomic characteristics of plants sprayed by PGRs

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm		茎粗 stem diameter/cm		次生根数 Secondary roots		根干重 Dry weight of root/g
处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedlingstage	拔节期 Jointingstage	苗期 Seedlingstage	拔节期 Jointingstage	苗期 Seedlingstage	拔节期 Jointingstage	苗期 Seedlingstage	拔节期 Jointingstage
A	135.3 b	137.4 b	8.12 ab	7.93 b	34 bc	30 d	2.77 b	2.60 bc
B	132.7 bc	135.4 bc	8.19 ab	8.05 ab	40 a	32 cd	3.36 a	3.26 a
C	140.0 a	142.6 a	7.55 bc	7.52 c	35 b	32 cd	3.27 a	3.13 b
D	127.2 c	131.1 c	8.32 a	8.16 ab	39 a	36 b	2.86 b	2.49 c
E	138.2 ab	134.7 bc	8.02 ab	8.22 a	34 bc	40 a	2.68 bc	3.49 a
CK	138.5 ab	138.5 ab	7.80 b	7.80 bc	33 bc	33 c	2.50 c	2.50 c
注：（1）表中同列数据后无相同小写字母表示差异达显著水平（P＜0.05），表3-5同；（2）表中数据为2016年和2017年两年平均值，表3同。 Note: (1) The absence of the same lowercase letter after data in the same column indicates significant differences at P＜0.05 level. The same as Table 3-5.(2) The data in the table is the two-year average of 2016 and 2017. The same as Table 3.

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表 3 不同处理对春谷干物质积累的影响

Table 3. Effect of spraying PGRs on dry matter accumulation in millet plants

处理 Treat-ment	穗 Plant height/g		叶 Thick stem/g		鞘 Secondary roots/g		茎 dry weight of root/g		地上部 over ground part/g
处理 Treat-ment	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage
A	28.50 a	28.29 a	8.01 b	7.12 bc	3.96 b	4.06 ab	12.10 ab	11.90 b	52.57 a	51.37 ab
B	28.21 a	27.66 ab	9.47 a	7.93 b	4.51 a	4.07 ab	10.65 ab	12.95 a	52.84 a	52.61 ab
C	27.40 ab	24.20 c	7.85 bc	7.06 bc	4.16 ab	3.83 bc	11.17 ab	11.33 b	50.58 b	46.42 c
D	26.98 ab	26.38 b	7.72 bc	8.02 b	4.09 ab	3.98 b	11.85 ab	11.19 b	50.63 b	49.57 bc
E	24.43 c	28.61 a	7.48 bc	8.73 a	3.81 bc	4.25 a	11.95 ab	12.91 a	47.67 c	54.50 a
CK	26.36 b	26.36 bc	7.76 bc	7.76 bc	3.95 b	3.95 b	12.14 a	12.14 ab	50.21 bc	50.21 b

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表 4 2016年不同处理对春谷产量及产量构成因素的影响

Table 4. Effects of spraying PGRs on millet yield and yield factors in 2016

处理 Treat-ment	穗重 Ear weight/g		穗粒重 Ear grain weight/g		产量 Yield/（kg·hm⁻²）		出谷率 Milled milletpercentage/%
处理 Treat-ment	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointingstage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointingstage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	苗期 Seedlingstage	拔节期 Jointingstage
A	27.40 a	25.28 ab	23.18 a	21.64 ab	5215.50 a	4869.00 ab	84.60 ab	85.60 a
B	26.04 a	25.31 ab	22.55 a	21.57 ab	5073.75 a	4853.25 ab	86.60 a	85.22 a
C	24.82 b	21.69 c	21.32 ab	18.80 bc	4797.00 b	4230.00 c	85.90 ab	86.68 a
D	25.31 ab	23.26 bc	21.57 ab	19.59 bc	4853.25 b	4407.75 bc	85.22 ab	84.22 ab
E	23.45 bc	26.16 a	20.20 b	22.22 a	4545.00 bc	4999.50 a	86.14 a	84.94 ab
CK	24.29 b	24.29 b	20.43 b	20.43 b	4596.75 bc	4596.75 b	84.11 b	84.11 ab

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表 5 2017年不同处理对春谷产量及产量构成因素的影响

Table 5. Effects of spraying PGRs on millet yield and yield factors in 2017

处理 Treat-ment	穗重 Ear weight/g		穗粒重 Ear grain weight/g		产量 Yield/（kg·hm⁻²）		出谷率 Milled milletpercentage/%
处理 Treat-ment	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointingstage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointingstage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	苗期 Seedlingstage	拔节期 Jointingstage
A	28.83 ab	27.72 b	20.37 ab	19.41 ab	4583.25 b	4367.25 b	70.66 ab	70.02 ab
B	29.95 a	27.89 b	21.29 a	19.46 ab	4790.25 a	4378.50 b	71.09 ab	69.77 ab
C	27.60 b	24.89 c	19.78 b	18.04 bc	4450.50 bc	4059.00 c	71.67 ab	72.48 a
D	29.15 a	26.76 bc	20.32 ab	18.69 bc	4572.00 b	4205.25 bc	69.71 ab	69.84 ab
E	26.51 bc	29.02 a	19.66 b	20.69 a	4423.50 bc	4655.25 a	74.16 a	71.30 ab
CK	26.93 bc	26.93 bc	19.23 b	19.23 b	4326.75 c	4326.75 b	71.41 ab	71.41 ab

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