间作隔根对玉米/大豆光合、产量及土壤理化性质的影响

沈荔花; 李娜; 阮妙鸿; 林文雄

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.11.015

间作隔根对玉米/大豆光合、产量及土壤理化性质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.11.015

沈荔花^{1, 2, 3,},
李娜^{1, 2, 3},
阮妙鸿⁴,
林文雄^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
福建农林大学生命科学学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
福建省农业生态过程与安全监测重点实验室（福建农林大学），福建　福州　350002
3.
福建省高校作物生态与分子生理重点实验室（福建农林大学），福建　福州　350002
4.
福建省种子总站，福建福州 350003

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFD0301602）；中央引导地方科技发展专项（2017L3003）；福建省科技计划对外合作项目（2018I0002）；莆田市涵江区大洋乡车口生态果园技术服务项目（KH200102A）

详细信息

作者简介:
沈荔花（1979−），女，副教授，研究方向：植物生理生态（E-mail：slh1213chenry@163.com）

通讯作者:
林文雄（1957−），男，教授，研究方向：作物生理与分子生态学（E-mail：lwx@fafu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 344.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-13
- 修回日期: 2020-09-16
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-24
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-30

Effects of Interactions between Roots of Intercropped Maize and Soybean on Plant Photosynthesis, Crop Yield, and Soil Physiochemical Properties

SHEN Lihua^{1, 2, 3
,},
LI Na^{1, 2, 3},
RUAN Miaohong⁴,
LIN Wenxiong^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology of Fujian Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
4.
Fujian Rural Work Research Center, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解间作系统中地下部分的根间互作对光合特性、产量及土壤理化性质的影响，探究间作增产的机制，为玉米大豆间作栽培技术提供理论依据和技术支撑。方法采用大田栽培的方式对玉米/大豆的根系分别采取塑料膜隔离（全隔，Q）处理、尼龙网隔离（网隔，W）处理和无隔离（无隔，N）处理，开展3种根系隔离处理对间作作物的SPAD值、光合特性、产量及土壤理化性质的影响研究。结果与单作相比，不隔根处理下间作玉米、大豆功能叶的叶绿素含量分别提高了10.36%、9.65%。玉米和大豆的净光合速度、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率基本上表现为：无隔＞网隔＞全隔＞单作。根间完全或部分互作均提高了间作作物的产量。无隔根处理下土地当量比（LER）为1.39、尼龙网隔根的为1.13。根间完全或部分互作也增加了玉米和大豆根际土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量。无隔根处理和尼龙网隔根处理下玉米和大豆根际土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸单酯酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化物酶的活性均有所提高。部分土壤酶活性与土壤养分含量之间存在着显著相关。结论根间互作能够活化土壤营养库，增强土壤酶活性，增加间作作物的叶绿素含量，提升系统的光合作用能力，从而促进间作系统产出。
- 玉米 /
- 大豆 /
- 光合特性 /
- 产量 /
- 土壤 /
- 理化性质 /
- 隔根方式
Abstract: Objective Effects of underground interactions between roots of maize and soybean plants under intercropping on plant photosynthesis, crop yield, and soil physiochemical properties were investigated to decipher the associated mechanisms. Method A maize/soybean intercropping experimentation was conducted in the field. Underground between the maize and soybean plants, a plastic sheet to completely separate and deprive interactions between the root systems (Q), a nylon mesh to partially block the underground interactions (W) or with no artificial barrier to allow total root-interactions (N) was implemented. SPAD, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield of the plants grown under the varied degrees of partition on the root systems were measured. Result Compared to monoculture, the intercropped maize and soybean under N showed increased chlorophyll contents in the functional leaves by 10.36% and 9.65%, respectively. The net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, and transpiration rate were also significantly enhanced by the intercropping under varied roots partitions as they ranked N＞W＞Q＞monoculture. The crop yields of the plants were improved by the intercropping under W or N. The land equivalent ratio (LER) of the N treatment was 1.39, while that of W 1.13. Under Q or W, the contents of total and available N, P, and K in rhizosphere soil were higher than those in the monoculture lot. The activities of catalase, acid phosphatase, urease, sucrase, and peroxidase increased in the rhizosphere soil under W or N. A significant correlation was observed between part of the enzyme activity and nutrient content in the soil. Conclusion The interactions between the root systems of the intercropped maize and soybean plants might activate the nutrient pool and enzyme activity in the rhizosphere soil. The leaf chlorophyll of the intercropped plants could also be increased by the underground interactions benefitting the plant photosynthesis with improved crop yield.
- Maize /
- soybean /
- photosynthesis /
- yield /
- soil /
- physicochemical properties /
- roots interactions

HTML全文

图 1 不同隔根处理对玉米和大豆SPAD值的影响

注：N、W、Q、D、M、S分别表示间作不隔根、间作尼龙网隔根、间作塑料膜隔根、单作、玉米和大豆。不同的小写字母表示P＜0.05水平差异显著。

Figure 1. Effects of restricted root-interactions on SPAD of intercropped maize and soybean plants

Note: N, W, Q, D, M, and S denote intercropping without root barrier, intercropping with nylon mesh root barrier, intercropping with plastic sheet root barrier, monoculture, maize, and soybean, respectively. Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant different at P＜0.05.

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表 1 不同隔根处理对间作玉米和大豆的光合作用的影响

Table 1. Effects of restricted root-interactions on photosynthesis of intercropped maize and soybean plants

处理 Treatments	净光合速率 Pn/（μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）	气孔导度 Gs/（mmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）	胞间CO₂浓度 Ci/（μmol·mol⁻¹）	蒸腾速率 Tr/（mmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）
N-M	48.83 a	0.73 a	346.00 a	5.08 a
W-M	49.02 a	0.60 ab	352.56 a	4.46 a
Q-M	38.87 b	0.45 b	246.33 b	4.33 a
D-M	39.79 b	0.42 b	217.33 b	4.33 a
N-S	27.40 a	0.66 a	163.00 a	7.18 a
W-S	27.21 a	0.59 ab	83.31 ab	7.31 a
Q-S	22.88 b	0.48 bc	89.60 ab	7.06 a
D-S	22.74 b	0.40 c	58.18 b	7.00 a
注：同列不同小写字母表示P＜0.05水平差异显著。表2～4。 Note: Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant different at P＜0.05. Table 2-4.

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表 2 不同隔根处理对间作玉米和大豆百粒重、籽粒产量和土地当量比的影响

Table 2. Effects of restricted root-interactions on hundred-grain weight, grain yield, and LER of intercropped maize and soybean

处理 Treatments	百粒重 Hundred-grain weight/g		籽粒产量 Grain yield/（kg·hm⁻²）		土地当量比（LER）
处理 Treatments	M	S	M	S	土地当量比（LER）
N	32.98±1.32 a	16.67±0.45 ab	3231.29±168.71 a	887.62±60.97 ab	1.39±0.16
W	32.33±1.88 a	17.34±0.73 a	2324.26±123.76 ab	932.91±92.48 a	1.13±0.11
Q	28.73±1.34 b	16.46±0.90 b	2021.92±114.62 b	717.04±81.27 bc	0.98±0.03
D	27.06±0.39 b	15.79±0.69 b	2006.80±325.26 b	637.88±22.90 c	—

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表 3 不同隔根处理对大豆和玉米根际土壤N、P、K含量的影响

Table 3. Effects of restricted root-interactions on NPK in rhizosphere soil of maize/soybean intercropping system

处理 Treatments	全氮 Total N/（g·hg⁻¹）	速效氮 Available N/（mg·kg⁻¹）	全磷 Total P/（g·hg⁻¹)	速效磷 Available P/（mg·kg⁻¹）	全钾 Total K/（g·hg⁻¹）	速效钾 Available K（mg·kg⁻¹）
N-M	2.92 b	132.42 a	0.52 a	66.70 a	0.31 a	14.00 ab
W-M	3.12 a	130.08 a	0.45 b	35.30 b	0.30 ab	14.47 a
Q-M	2.91 b	119.00 b	0.34 c	27.10 c	0.29 bc	13.40 ab
D-M	2.79 b	126.00 ab	0.36 c	34.00 b	0.27 c	13.00 b
N-S	3.06 a	140.00 a	0.52 a	69.40 a	0.28 a	24.02 a
W-S	2.68 b	138.83 ab	0.48 b	64.50 b	0.30 a	21.87 b
Q-S	2.74 ab	126.00 b	0.47 b	62.00 b	0.30 a	21.80 b
D-S	2.98 ab	131.80 bc	0.41 c	62.76 b	0.30 a	18.00 c

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表 4 不同隔根处理对大豆和玉米根际土壤酶活性的影响

Table 4. Effects of restricted root-interactions on enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil of maize/soybean intercropping system

处理 Treatments	过氧化氢酶 Catalase/（mg·g⁻¹）	酸性磷酸单酯酶 Acid phosphatase/（mg·g⁻¹）	脲酶 Urease/（mg·g⁻¹）	蔗糖酶 Sucrase/（mg·g⁻¹）	过氧化物酶 Peroxidase/（mg·g⁻¹）
N-M	6.28 a	6.33 a	9.71 ab	3.20 a	1.30 a
W-M	6.28 a	5.97 b	10.42 a	2.64 b	1.30 a
Q-M	4.69 c	5.22 c	8.05 bc	3.00 b	1.26 a
D-M	4.99 b	5.23 c	7.54 c	2.06 c	1.19 a
N-S	5.67 a	5.60 a	8.22 ab	2.17 b	1.54 a
W-S	5.65 a	5.10 ab	8.93 a	2.54 a	1.47 ab
Q-S	5.10 b	4.84 b	8.04 ab	1.97 c	1.34 b
D-S	5.30 b	4.73 b	7.04 b	2.13 b	1.44 ab

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表 5 大豆及玉米的根际土壤养分含量与酶活性的相关性

Table 5. Correlation between nutrient content and enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil of maize/soybean intercropping system

		速效氮 Available N	速效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K	过氧化氢酶 Catalase	脲酶 Urease	酸性磷酸单酯酶 Acid phosphatase	过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	蔗糖酶 Sucrase
速效氮 Available N	S	1.000	0.763	0.554	−0.550	0.609	0.804	0.953	0.729
速效氮 Available N	M	1.000	0.756	0.990	0.992	0.859	0.984	0.980	0.666
速效磷 Available P	S		1.000	0.961	−0.959	0.048	0.998*	0.923	0.115
速效磷 Available P	M		1.000	0.655	0.665	0.313	0.861	0.611	0.992
速效钾 Available K	S			1.000	−1.000**	0.323	0.941	0.780	−0.165
速效钾 Available K	M			1.000	1.000**	0.923	0.948	0.998*	0.553
过氧化氢酶 Catalase	S				1.000	0.328	−0.939	−0.777	0.170
过氧化氢酶 Catalase	M				1.000	0.918	0.953	0.998*	0.564
脲酶 Urease	S					1.000	0.018	0.340	0.987
脲酶 Urease	M					1.000	0.753	0.943	0.190
酸性磷酸单酯酶 Acid phosphatase	S						1.000	0.946	0.179
酸性磷酸单酯酶 Acid phosphatase	M						1.000	0.929	0.789
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	S							1.000	0.488
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	M							1.000	0.505
蔗糖酶 Sucrase	S								1.000
蔗糖酶 Sucrase	M								1.000
注：* 表示显著相关（ P ＜0.05）；** 表示极显著相关（P＜0.01）。 Note: * means significant correlation (P＜0.05); ** means very significant correlation (P＜0.01).

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