撒坝母猪产仔性能影响因素分析

李明丽; 赵宝; 李志娟; 王孝义; 严达伟; 任文辉

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.11.011

撒坝母猪产仔性能影响因素分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.11.011

1.
云南农业大学动物科学技术学院，云南　昆明　650201
2.
云南省富源县畜禽改良工作站，云南　曲靖　655500
3.
云南省楚雄州种猪场，云南　楚雄　675000

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0501206）；云南省现代农业生猪产业技术体系建设项目（2019KJTX0013）；云南省科技厅重点研发项目（2018BB003）

详细信息

作者简介:
李明丽（1969−），女，硕士，副教授，主要从事动物生产与环境卫生研究（E-mail：xiaolucao@126.com）

中图分类号: S 814
计量
- 文章访问数: 851
- HTML全文浏览量: 291
- PDF下载量: 19
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-16
- 修回日期: 2020-06-24
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-13
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-30

Factors Affecting Reproductive Performance of Saba Sows

1.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan　650201, China
2.
Fuyuan County Livestock and Poultry Improvement Workstation of Yunnan Province, Qujing, Yunnan　655500,China
3.
Chuxiong Prefecture Pig Breeding Farm of Yunnan Province, Chuxiong, Yunnan　675000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨杂交、分娩胎次、配种方式和分娩季节对撒坝母猪产仔性能的影响，以优化撒坝猪的杂交利用与饲养管理，提高撒坝母猪的生产性能和效率。方法利用云南省楚雄州种猪场2013～2017年的182胎撒坝母猪、74胎杜洛克×撒坝猪（杜撒）母猪、67胎长白猪×撒坝猪（长撒）母猪的产仔性能记录，采用最小二乘模型分析了撒坝母猪不同杂交组合、分娩胎次、配种方式及分娩季节的产仔性能差异。结果杜撒和长撒母猪的总产仔数分别较撒坝母猪提高2.56头（P＜0.01）和1.98头（P＜0.01），产活仔数分别提高2.36头（P＜0.01）和1.99头（P＜0.01）；第4～6胎撒坝母猪的产仔性能总体上优于其他胎次（P＜0.05或P＜0.01），其中总产仔数和产活仔数以第6胎最高，第1胎和第9胎最低；采用本交和人工授精的撒坝母猪产仔性能差异不显著（P＞0.05）；春、夏季分娩的撒坝母猪产仔性能总体上优于秋、冬季分娩的母猪（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论杂交可显著改善撒坝母猪的产仔性能，分娩胎次和季节也会影响母猪产仔性能，配种方式对产仔性能则无显著影响。生产中采用适当的杂交组合、优化猪群胎次结构和分娩季节，可有效改善猪群繁殖和生产效率。
- 撒坝母猪 /
- 杂交组合 /
- 胎次 /
- 分娩季节 /
- 配种方式 /
- 产仔性能
Abstract: Objective Reproductive performance of Saba sows affected by the animal breed, parity, mating, and farrowing were investigated to explore means for improvements. Method From the 2013-2017 records maintained at Chuxiong Prefecture Pig Breeding Farm in Yunnan province on Saba sows that delivered 182 litters, Duroc×Saba sows (DS) that delivered 67 litters, and Landrace×Saba sows (LS) that delivered 67 litters, the reproductive performances of these sows were compared. The number of parities, insemination methods, and farrowing seasons of the litters by the sows were analyzed using the least square model. Result Compared with the Saba sows, DS and LS had 2.56 and 1.98, respectively, more total number born (TNB) (P＜0.01) and 2.36 and 1.99, respectively, higher number born alive (NBA) (P＜0.01) per litter. In general, the 4^th to the 6^th parities performed better than the others (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), and the highest TNB and NBA occurred on the 6^th while the lowest on the 1^st and 9^th parities. No significant differences were found on the performance whether the sows were impregnated by natural service (NS) or artificial insemination (AI) (P＞0.05). However, farrowing in spring and summer rendered more desirable results than in autumn and winter (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Conclusion The reproductive performance of Saba sows could be improved by cross-breeding and/or farrowing in spring and summer in a year.
- Saba sow /
- crossed breed /
- parity /
- farrowing season /
- insemination method /
- reproductive performance

HTML全文

表 1 试验母猪的日粮配方及主要营养水平

Table 1. Formulation and nutrition contents of daily feed for experimental sows

项目　　 Item	原料　　 Raw material	妊娠前期 Early gestation	妊娠后期 Later gestation	哺乳期 Nursing period
日粮配方 Diet formulation	玉米 Corn/%	64.74	62.62	60.50
	豆粕 Soybean meal/%	13.12	19.38	25.64
	麦麸 Wheat meal/%	18.14	14.00	9.86
	预混料 Premix/%	4.00	4.00	4.00
	合计 Total/%	100.00	100.00	100.00
主要营养水平 Main nutrient content	粗蛋 Crude protein/%	13.00	15.00	17.00
	消化能 Digestible energy/（MJ·kg⁻¹）	13.35	13.48	13.56
	粗纤维 Crude fiber/%	3.50	3.50	3.50
	钙 Ca/%	0.75	0.75	0.85
	总磷 Total phosphorus/%	0.50	0.50	0.69

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 撒坝猪及其不同杂交组合母猪的产仔性能

Table 2. Reproductive performances of Saba and cross-bred sows

品种或组合 Breed or combination	窝数 Litters	总产仔数 Total number born/头	产活仔数 Number born alive/头	初生窝重 Litter weightat birth/kg	21日龄窝重 Litter weightat 21 d/kg	断奶仔猪数 Numberweaned/ 头	断奶窝重 Litter weight at weaning/kg
撒坝 SB	182	9.34±0.23 Bb	8.47±0.22 Bb	7.89±0.24 Bb	25.09±1.03 Cc	7.46±0.23 Bb	41.04±1.64 Bb
杜撒 DS	74	11.90±0.36 Aa	10.83±0.35 Aa	12.56±0.37 Aa	31.70±1.51 Bb	7.15±0.35 Bb	44.77±2.52 Bb
长撒 LS	67	11.32±0.38 Aa	10.46±0.37 Aa	12.59±0.39 Aa	38.80±1.60 Aa	10.04±0.36 Aa	60.40±2.54 Aa
注：同列数据后相同字母表示差异不显著（P＞0.05），不同字母表示差异显著（小写和大写字母分别表示P＜0.05和P＜0.01）。表3～5同。 Note: Data with same letters on same column indicate not significantly different (P＞0.05); those with different lowercase letters indicate significantly different at P＜0.05; and, those with different capitalized letters significantly different at P＜0.01. Same for the following. The same as table 3～5.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同胎次撒坝母猪的产仔性能

Table 3. Reproductive performance of Saba sows on different parities

胎次 Parity	窝数 Litters	总产仔数 Total number born/头	产活仔数 Number born alive/头	初生窝重 Litter weight at birth/kg	21日龄窝重 Litter weight at 21 d/kg	断奶仔猪数 Number weaned/头	断奶窝重 Litter weight at weaning/kg
1	31	7.67±0.51 Cc	6.32±0.51 Bb	6.14±0.47 Bb	22.74±1.85 ab	6.25±0.52 ABb	36.28±3.39 ab
2	43	9.46±0.44 BCbc	9.04±0.43 ABa	8.32±0.38 ABab	29.69±1.50 a	8.68±0.41 Aa	46.63±2.71 a
3	39	9.82±0.46 BCb	9.07±0.46 ABa	8.10±0.40 ABab	23.71±1.58 ab	7.68±0.44 ABab	39.45±2.89 ab
4	15	10.60±0.74 Aa	10.06±0.74 Aa	9.46±0.65 Aa	25.03±2.33 ab	7.38±0.57 ABab	40.33±3.76 ab
5	13	10.16±1.18 ABab	8.16±1.17 ABab	8.61±1.03 ABa	28.00±3.30 a	7.50±0.84 ABab	47.80±5.53 a
6	10	11.62±1.02 Aa	10.62±1.01 Aa	9.71±0.89 Aa	25.48±3.30 ab	8.83±0.84 Aa	45.46±5.53 ab
7	16	10.00±0.72 ABb	9.06±0.72 ABa	8.31±0.63 ABab	23.75±2.69 ab	7.16±0.84 ABab	39.53±5.53 ab
8	9	9.44±0.96 BCbc	8.66±0.96 ABab	7.83±0.84 ABab	22.41±3.30 ab	5.83±0.84 ABb	37.98±5.53 ab
9	6	7.60±0.74 Cc	6.33±0.74 Bb	6.18±0.65 Bb	18.78±3.05 b	5.50±0.84 Bb	31.15±5.53 b

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 不同配种方式撒坝母猪的产仔性能

Table 4. Reproductive performance of Saba sows impregnated by different insemination methods

配种方式 Mating way	窝数 Litters	总产仔数 Total number born/头	产活仔数 Number born alive/头	初生窝重 Litter weight at birth/kg	21日龄窝重 Litter weight at 21 d/kg	断奶仔猪数 Number of weaned piglets/头	断奶窝重 Litter weight at weaning/kg
本交 Natural service	43	9.58±0.57 a	8.54±0.57 a	7.77±0.49 a	28.03±2.67 a	7.00±0.56 a	39.20±3.69 a
人工授精 Artificial insemination	139	9.17±0.35 a	8.09±0.35 a	7.67±0.31 a	22.61±1.40 a	6.59±0.37 a	32.49±2.44 a

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 不同分娩季节撒坝母猪的产仔性能

Table 5. Reproductive performance of Saba sows in different farrowing seasons

分娩季节 Farrowing season	窝数 Litters	总产仔数 Total number born/头	产活仔数 Number born alive/头	初生窝重 Litter weightat birth/kg	21日龄窝重 Litter weightat 21 d/kg	断奶仔猪数 Numberweaned/ 头	断奶窝重 Litter weightat weaning/kg
春季 Spring	27	9.85±0.58 a	8.88±0.59 a	7.89±0.51 ab	30.60±2.11 Aa	7.40±0.58 a	47.40±3.53 a
夏季 Summer	80	9.40±0.34 a	8.85±0.34 ab	8.39±0.30 a	25.43±1.09 ABb	7.75±0.30 a	40.57±1.82 ab
秋季 Autumn	54	9.14±0.41 a	7.64±0.42 b	7.16±0.37 b	22.88±1.38Bb	6.60±0.49 a	36.49±2.98 b
冬季 Winter	21	9.05±0.68 a	8.75±0.96 ab	7.93±0.59 ab	23.23±2.27ABb	7.53±0.62 a	43.70±3.79 ab

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(21)

[1]	赵乔辉, 朱世平, 刘颖, 等. 大白猪和长白猪妊娠周期内背膘厚对繁殖性能的影响 [J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2014, 50(21):7−11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2014.21.002 ZHAO Q H, ZHU S P, LIU Y, et al. Effects of different gestation backfat thickness on reproductive performance in large white and Landrace sows [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2014, 50(21): 7−11.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2014.21.002
[2]	张省林, 白俊艳, 庞有志, 等. 杂交猪繁殖性能的影响因素分析 [J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2011, 38(7):144−148. ZHANG S L, BAI J Y, PANG Y Z, et al. Analysis on factors affecting of reproductive performance in crossbred pigs [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2011, 38(7): 144−148.(in Chinese)
[3]	刘彬, 陈映, 李强, 等. 影响母猪繁殖性能的几种因素研究 [J]. 西南农业学报, 2019, 32(8):1950−1955. LIU B, CHEN Y, LI Q, et al. Effect of several factors on reproductive performance in sows [J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 32(8): 1950−1955.(in Chinese)
[4]	GERARDO Ordaz-Ochoa, AURELIANO Juarez-Caratachea, ANTONIO Garcia-Valladares, et al. Effect of the number of parity on the main reproductive indicators of sows [J]. Revista Científica De Veterinaria, 2013, 23(6): 511−519.
[5]	HOVING L L, SOEDE N M, GRAAT E A M, et al. Reproductive performance of second parity sows: Relations with subsequent reproduction [J]. Livestock Science, 2011, 140(1/2/3): 124−130.
[6]	刘小红, 赵云翔, 薛永柱, 等. 规模化种猪育种与生产数字化管理体系建设及案例分析(Ⅴ): 种母猪选育与监控 [J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2014, 50(16):58−67. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2014.16.013 LIU X H, ZHAO Y X, XUE Y Z, et al. Digitize management system and case analysis for large-scale pig breeding and production(Ⅴ): Selection and monitor management of breeding sows [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2014, 50(16): 58−67.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2014.16.013
[7]	TANTASUPARUK W, LUNDEHEIM N, DALIN A M, et al. Reproductive performance of purebred Landrace and Yorkshire sows in Thailand with special reference to seasonal influence and parity number [J]. Theriogenology, 2000, 54(3): 481−496. doi: 10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00364-2
[8]	戴五洲, 郑云林. 胎次及分娩季节对母猪繁殖性能的影响 [J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2016(12):81−82. DAI W Z, ZHENG Y L. Effect of parity and delivery seasons on reproductive performance in sows [J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2016(12): 81−82.(in Chinese)
[9]	耿倩, 丁荣荣, 全建平, 等. 分娩胎次及季节对母猪繁殖性能的影响研究 [J]. 家畜生态学报, 2018, 39(1):50−53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2018.01.011 GENG Q, DING R R, QUAN J P, et al. Effect of different parities and delivery seasons on reproductive performance of Yorkshire sows [J]. Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici, 2018, 39(1): 50−53.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2018.01.011
[10]	鲁绍雄, 连林生. SAS统计分析系统在畜牧科学中的应用[M]. 昆明: 云南科技出版社, 2003.
[11]	赵书广. 中国养猪大成[M]. 2版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2013.
[12]	刘以洪. 不同外来品种猪与撒坝猪正交的繁殖性能比较 [J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2001, 33(4):22−23. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-5130.2001.04.011 LIU Y H. Reproductive performance of hybrids of 4 foreign pig breeds crossed with Saba pig [J]. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2001, 33(4): 22−23.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-5130.2001.04.011
[13]	盛志廉. 中国地方猪种的杂交利用 [J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2006, 42(1):3−4. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2006.01.003 SHENG Z L. Utilization of local pig breeds in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2006, 42(1): 3−4.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2006.01.003
[14]	赵青, 钟土木, 楼平儿, 等. 不同胎次与配种季节对金华猪繁殖性能的影响 [J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2009, 45(17):52−55. ZHAO Q, ZHONG T M, LOU P E, et al. Effects of different parity and breeding season on reproductive performance of Jinhua Pigs [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2009, 45(17): 52−55.(in Chinese)
[15]	丁月云, 余大华, 吴仕安, 等. 胎次对皖南黑猪繁殖性能的影响 [J]. 广东农业科学, 2013, 40(20):122−124. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2013.20.038 DING Y Y, YU D H, WU S A, et al. Effect of parity on reproduction performance of Wannan black sows [J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 40(20): 122−124.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2013.20.038
[16]	贾娟娟, 滚双宝, 林长光, 等. 胎次、配种及分娩月份对母猪繁殖性能的影响 [J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2015, 50(1):1−4, 13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4315.2015.01.001 JIA J J, GUN S B, LIN C G, et al. The influence of different parities, mating months and birth months on reproductive performance of sows [J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2015, 50(1): 1−4, 13.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4315.2015.01.001
[17]	叶润全, 吕敏芝, 李慕婵, 等. 不同胎次母猪繁殖性能及相关回归分析 [J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2006, 38(5):20−22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-5130.2006.05.007 YE R Q, LYU M Z, LI M C, et al. Reproductive performance and correlation regression analysis of sows of different parities [J]. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2006, 38(5): 20−22.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-5130.2006.05.007
[18]	何兰花, 郭金彪, 林树茂. 分娩季节和胎次对母猪繁殖性能的影响及回归分析 [J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2018(7):66−68. HE L H, GUO J B, LIN S M. Effects of delivery season and parity on reproductive performance and regression analysis [J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2018(7): 66−68.(in Chinese)
[19]	陈志林, 冯美莹, 叶超, 等. 季节性差异对基础母猪群繁殖性能的影响 [J]. 养猪, 2016(1):25−29. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1957.2016.01.014 CHEN Z L, FENG M Y, YE C, et al. The influence of seasonal variations on sows reproductive performance [J]. Swine Production, 2016(1): 25−29.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1957.2016.01.014
[20]	吕敏芝, 叶润全, 苏汝明, 等. 不同配种方式母猪的繁殖性能比较 [J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2002(4):8−9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7034.2002.04.007 LYU M Z, YE R Q, SU R M, et al. On contrast of sow's reproduction Performance in different mating manners [J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2002(4): 8−9.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7034.2002.04.007
[21]	吴登堃, 李雅财. 不同配种方式对母猪繁殖性能的影响 [J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2004, 26(2):294−297. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2286.2004.02.032 WU D K, LI Y C. The influences of different insemination techniques to reproduction performance of sow [J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2004, 26(2): 294−297.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2286.2004.02.032