嫁接对大果番茄果实挥发性风味物质的影响

刘子记; 刘维侠; 牛玉; 杨衍

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.11.005

嫁接对大果番茄果实挥发性风味物质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.11.005

中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所，海南　海口　571101

基金项目: 海南省科技计划项目（ZDYF2020055）；中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项项目（1630032017027）；农业农村部财政专项项目（NFZX2018）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘子记（1982−），男，博士，副研究员，研究方向：蔬菜遗传育种（E-mail：liuziji1982@163.com）

通讯作者:
杨衍（1971−），男，博士，研究员，研究方向：蔬菜遗传育种（E-mail：catasvegetable@163.com）

中图分类号: S 641.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-08
- 修回日期: 2020-06-19
- 网络出版日期: 2021-01-26
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-30

Effect of Plant Grafting on Flavoring Volatiles in Large-fruit Tomatoes

Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan　571101, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索嫁接对大果番茄果实挥发性风味物质的影响，为进一步开展大果番茄风味调控研究提供依据。方法采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对博收1号、辉腾和辉腾2号3个大果番茄品种实生苗（S）和嫁接苗（J）果实的挥发性风味物质种类和相对含量进行分析。结果博收1号S含有59种挥发性物质，包括7种特有成分；博收1号J含有62种挥发性物质，包括10种特有成分。辉腾S含有59种挥发性物质，包括8种特有成分；辉腾J含有64种挥发性物质，包括13种特有成分。辉腾2号S含有58种挥发性物质，包括7种特有成分；辉腾2号J含有60种挥发性物质，包括9种特有成分。结论综合比较3个大果番茄品种发现，3个大果番茄品种的嫁接苗（J）均能显著提高果实中6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、β-紫罗兰酮和E-2-己烯醛的含量。
- 番茄 /
- 嫁接 /
- 挥发性物质 /
- 顶空固相微萃取 /
- 气相色谱-质谱联用
Abstract: Objective Effect of grafting on flavoring volatiles in the large-fruit tomatoes was determined to study the flavor regulation of the plant. Method The composition and contents of volatiles in the fruits of the non-grafted (S) and grafted (J) large-fruit varieties, Boshou No. 1, Huiteng, and Huiteng No. 2, were analyzed for comparison using the headspace solid phase micro-extraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Result There were 59 including 7 unique compounds in the fruits from the Boshou No.1S plants, and 62 with 10 unique compounds in the fruits from the Boshou No.1J plants. On Huiteng S, 59 including 8 unique volatiles, and on Huiteng J, 64 including 13 unique volatiles were identified. For Huiteng No. 2S, 58 including 7 unique compounds were found, while in Huiteng No.2J, 60 including 9 unique compounds were identified. Conclusion The contents of volatile flavoring compounds, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, β-ionone, and E-2-hexenal, were significantly higher in the fruits from the grafted (J) than the non-grafted (S) plants of 3 large-fruit tomato varieties.
- Tomato /
- grafting /
- volatile compounds /
- headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) /
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

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图 1 挥发性物质总离子流图

注：A：博收1号S；B：博收1号J；C：辉腾S；D：辉腾J；E：辉腾2号S；F：辉腾2号J

Figure 1. Total ionic chromatograms of volatiles in tomatoes

Note: A: Boshou No. 1S; B: Boshou No. 1J; C: Huiteng S; D: Huiteng J; E: Huiteng No. 2S; F: Huiteng No. 2J

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表 1 嫁接和非嫁接大果番茄品种挥发性物质及相对含量

Table 1. Volatiles and relative contents in fruits on grafted and non-grafted large-fruit varieties of tomato plants

序号 No.	类别 Category	保留时间 Retention 　 time/min	化合物名称 Compound	分子式 Formula	相对含量 Relative content/%
序号 No.	类别 Category	保留时间 Retention 　 time/min	化合物名称 Compound	分子式 Formula	博收1号 S Boshou No.1 S	博收1号 J Boshou No.1 J	辉腾 S Huiteng S	辉腾 J Huiteng J	辉腾2号 S Huiteng No.2 S	辉腾2号 J Huiteng No.2 J
	醇类 Alcohol
1		1.64	乙醇 Ethanol	C₂H₆O	1.55	0.09	0.57	0.34	0.55	1.42
2		2.54	异丁醇 Isobutyl alcohol	C₄H₁₀O	0.05	0.01	0.10	0.04	—	0.12
3		3.01	1-丁醇 1-Butanol	C₄H₁₀O	0.08	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.02	0.19
4		4.30	3-甲基-1-丁醇 3-Methyl-1-butanol	C₅H₁₂O	2.66	0.29	1.90	1.69	0.57	2.45
5		4.36	2-甲基-1-丁醇 2-Methyl-1-butanol	C₅H₁₂O	7.00	0.44	3.92	1.33	1.04	5.34
6		5.15	1-戊醇 1-Pentanol	C₅H₁₂O	2.02	0.65	3.19	1.06	1.64	2.64
7		8.15	Z-3-已烯醇 Z-3-Hexenol	C₆H₁₂O	1.82	7.33	2.54	1.89	1.92	5.03
8		8.73	1-己醇 1-Hexanol	C₆H₁₄O	2.86	4.22	0.87	1.34	1.89	3.08
9		13.28	1-庚醇 1-Heptanol	C₇H₁₆O	0.32	0.38	0.14	0.23	0.28	0.29
10		13.36	1-辛烯-3-醇 1-Octen-3-ol	C₈H₁₆O	0.64	0.62	0.36	0.60	0.61	0.57
11		14.34	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol	C₈H₁₆O	0.40	—	0.18	0.41	0.24	0.38
12		16.09	2-乙基己醇 2-Ethylhexanol	C₈H₁₈O	—	2.26	—	—	0.81	1.62
13		16.83	苯甲醇 Benzenemethanol	C₇H₈O	—	—	—	0.02	—	—
14		18.16	1-辛醇 1-Octanol	C₈H₁₈O	1.36	2.67	1.03	1.48	1.92	1.53
15		20.35	苯乙醇 Benzeneethanol	C₈H₁₀O	0.84	0.06	0.52	0.70	0.56	—
16		23.02	1-壬醇 1-Nonanol	C₉H₂₀O	0.22	0.57	0.22	0.09	0.25	0.52
17		26.96	Z-3-癸烯-1-醇 Z-3-Decen-1-ol	C₁₀H₂₀O	—	—	—	0.29	—	—
	酮类 Ketone
18		3.25	1-戊烯-3-酮 1-Penten-3-one	C₅H₈O	2.30	0.56	2.58	1.18	2.46	3.71
19		13.79	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	C₈H₁₄O	4.54	6.03	4.08	7.61	3.85	5.49
20		35.19	香叶基丙酮 Geranyl acetone	C₁₃H₂₂O	1.05	1.57	0.41	1.31	0.89	0.57
21		36.54	β-紫罗兰酮 β-Ionone	C₁₃H₂₀O	0.04	0.11	0.09	0.17	0.08	0.17
	酯类 Ester
22		1.86	乙酸甲酯 Methyl acetate	C₃H₆O₂	0.05	0.14	0.56	0.18	0.41	0.07
23		2.38	乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate	C₄H₈O₂	10.42	0.15	3.81	0.80	2.47	7.50
24		2.55	丙酸甲酯 Methyl propanoate	C₄H₈O₂	—	—	—	—	0.05	—
25		2.90	乙酸异丙酯 Isopropyl acetate	C₅H₁₀O₂	—	—	0.46	—	0.41	0.44
26		3.70	丙酸乙酯 Ethyl propanoate	C₅H₁₀O₂	0.03	—	—	—	—	—
27		3.75	乙酸丙酯 Propyl acetate	C₅H₁₀O₂	0.22	—	0.03	—	0.03	0.13
28		6.46	乙酸丁酯 Butyl acetate	C₆H₁₂O₂	—	—	0.06	0.03	—	0.16
29		8.87	乙酸-2-甲基丁酯 2-Methylbutyl acetate	C₇H₁₄O₂	1.31	—	1.71	0.40	0.65	1.62
30		10.42	乙酸戊酯 Amyl acetate	C₇H₁₄O₂	—	—	—	0.03	—	—
31		14.77	Z-乙酸-3-己烯醇酯 Z-3-Hexenyl Acetate	C₈H₁₄O₂	—	0.58	—	—	—	0.07
32			15.10	乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate	C₈H₁₆O₂	—	0.07	—	—	—	0.17
33		21.74	乙酸-2-乙基己醇酯 2-Ethylhexyl acetate	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	—	0.17	—	—	—	—
34		23.95	水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate	C₈H₈O₃	0.89	2.39	2.18	20.06	0.97	1.50
	醛类 Aldehyde
35		1.99	异丁醛 Isobutanal	C₄H₈O	—	—	0.01	—	—	—
36		2.06	2-甲基-2-丙烯醛 2-Methyl-2-propenal	C₄H₆O	—	0.01	—	—	—	0.02
37		2.20	丁醛 Butanal	C₄H₈O	0.01	0.03	—	0.04	—	0.02
38		2.79	3-甲基丁醛 3-Methylbutanal	C₅H₁₀O	0.86	0.10	1.06	0.70	0.20	0.93
39		2.90	2-甲基丁醛 2-Methylbutanal	C₅H₁₀O	0.19	0.02	—	0.07	—	—
40		3.41	正戊醛 Pentanal	C₅H₁₀O	1.32	0.39	2.65	0.80	1.50	2.00
41		4.67	E-2-戊烯醛 E-2-pentenal	C₅H₈O	1.40	0.45	1.43	1.02	1.66	2.28
42		5.92	正己醛 Hexanal	C₆H₁₂O	14.68	6.52	11.20	5.59	13.95	14.41
43		7.82	E-2-己烯醛 E-2-Hexenal	C₆H₁₀O	1.10	3.36	0.94	1.40	0.63	1.35
44		9.72	Z-4-庚烯醛 Z-4-Heptenal	C₇H₁₂O	0.27	—	—	—	—	—
45		9.81	庚醛 Heptanal	C₇H₁₄O	2.49	2.65	—	3.86	4.22	2.50
46		12.32	E-2-庚烯醛 E-2-Heptenal	C₇H₁₂O	3.66	2.05	2.55	2.96	2.21	3.19
47		12.56	苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	C₇H₆O	1.31	1.21	0.38	1.10	0.82	0.19
48		14.52	正辛醛 Octanal	C₈H₁₆O	3.17	10.86	2.81	1.44	14.20	1.71
49		16.64	苯乙醛 Benzeneacetaldehyde	C₈H₈O	0.15	0.05	—	—	—	—
50		16.70	水杨醛 Salicyl aldehyde	C₇H₆O₂	—	—	—	0.75	—	—
51		17.27	2-辛烯醛 2-Octenal	C₈H₁₄O	6.83	5.36	5.28	7.24	4.15	5.23
52		19.02	E-4-壬烯醛 E-4-Nonenal	C₉H₁₆O	—	—	—	—	0.17	—
53		19.49	正壬醛 Nonanal	C₉H₁₈O	4.21	18.23	5.15	2.25	21.39	2.99
54		22.27	E-2-壬烯醛 E-2-Nonenal	C₉H₁₆O	0.12	0.17	—	0.11	0.11	—
55		23.79	Z-4-癸烯醛 Z-4-decenal	C₁₀H₁₈O	1.40	2.08	0.95	—	1.19	1.08
56		24.35	癸醛 Decanal	C₁₀H₂₀O	1.21	0.86	0.88	1.35	0.67	0.30
57		24.96	β-环柠檬醛 β-Cyclocitral	C₁₀H₁₆O	0.06	0.12	0.11	0.20	0.08	0.24
58		26.07	Z-柠檬醛 Z-Citral	C₁₀H₁₆O	0.04	0.15	—	0.18	—	0.09
59		26.99	E-2-癸烯醛 E-2-Decenal	C₁₀H₁₈O	0.19	0.97	—	—	0.42	—
60		27.43	E-柠檬醛 E-Citral	C₁₀H₁₆O	0.15	0.38	0.10	0.72	0.27	0.17
61		28.48	E,Z-2,4-癸二烯醛 E,Z-2,4-Decadienal	C₁₀H₁₆O	1.77	1.70	1.40	2.05	0.99	—
62		29.01	十一醛 Undecanal	C₁₁H₂₂O	—	0.25	—	—	—	—
63		29.65	E,E-2,4-癸二烯醛 E,E-2,4-Decadienal	C₁₀H₁₆O	0.11	0.11	—	0.29	—	1.04
64		31.57	E-2-十一烯醛 E-2-Undecenal	C₁₁H₂₀O	—	0.21	—	—	—	—
	烃类 Alkane
65		1.73	正戊烷 Pentane	C₅H₁₂	0.23	0.11	0.44	0.18	0.29	0.32
66		2.02	2-甲基戊烷 2-Methylpentane	C₆H₁₄	—	—	0.04	—	—	—
67		2.11	3-甲基戊烷 3-Methylpentane	C₆H₁₄	—	—	0.05	—	—	—
68		2.22	己烷 Hexane	C₆H₁₄	0.05	—	0.33	0.06	0.08	0.11
69		6.92	乙基环己烷 Ethylcyclohexane	C₈H₁₆	—	—	—	0.02	—	—
70		9.38	苯乙烯 Styrene	C₈H₈	0.15	0.09	0.41	0.14	0.19	0.26
71		9.68	壬烷 Nonane	C₉H₂₀	—	—	0.19	—	—	—
72		11.06	α-蒎烯 α-Pipene	C₁₀H₁₆	—	0.05	0.07	0.03	—	0.06
73		14.29	（+）-2-蒈烯（+）-2-Carene	C₁₀H₁₆	0.23	—	0.25	0.33	0.12	0.33
74		15.67	β-水芹烯 β-Phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	—	0.03	0.47	0.13	0.06	0.29
75		32.95	正十四烷 Tetradecane	C₁₄H₃₀	0.05	0.04	0.10	0.07	0.04	0.07
	其他 Others
76		1.58	甲硫醇 Methanethiol	CH₄S	0.05	0.01	0.06	0.04	0.03	0.03
77		1.82	2-硫代丙烷 2-Thiapropane	C₂H₆S	—	—	0.16	0.05	0.12	—
78		2.29	2-甲基呋喃 2-Methylfuran	C₅H₆O	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.04
79		3.47	2-乙基呋喃 2-Ethylfuran	C₆H₈O	0.30	0.12	0.27	0.11	0.25	0.36
80		9.82	1-硝基-3-甲基丁烷 1-nitro-3-methylbutane	C₅H₁₁NO₂	—	—	4.63	—	—	—
81		13.61	2-正丙基噻唑 2-Propylthiazole	C₆H₉NS	—	—	—	0.10	—	—
82		13.95	2-戊基呋喃 2-Amylfuran	C₉H₁₄O	3.25	3.25	4.53	3.60	2.69	3.39
83		15.96	2-异丁基噻唑 2-Isobutylthiazole	C₇H₁₁NS	4.32	5.20	17.66	15.79	1.19	5.10
84		19.11	愈创木酚 Guaiacol	C₇H₈O₂	—	0.71	0.18	0.63	0.30	1.33
85		28.98	1-硝基-2-苯乙烷 1-Nitro-2-phenylethane	C₈H₉NO₂	0.51	0.04	—	—	—	—
86		31.62	丁香酚 Eugenol	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	—	—	—	0.16	0.18	0.29
注：“-”表示未检测到。 Note: “-” indicates compound not detected.

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表 2 嫁接和非嫁接大果番茄品种挥发性物质类别及相对含量

Table 2. Categories and relative contents of volatiles in fruits on grafted and non-grafted large-fruit varieties of tomato plants

类别 Category	相对含量/%
类别 Category	博收1号 S Boshou No.1S	博收1号 J Boshou No.1J	辉腾 S Huiteng S	辉腾 J Huiteng J	辉腾2号 S Huiteng No.2S	辉腾2号 J Huiteng No.2J
醇类 Alcohol	21.82	19.62	15.58	11.58	12.30	25.18
酮类 Ketone	7.93	8.27	7.15	10.27	7.28	9.94
酯类 Ester	12.93	3.51	8.81	21.49	5.00	11.65
醛类 Aldehyde	46.72	58.31	36.89	34.10	68.82	39.75
烃类 Alkane	0.72	0.33	2.34	0.96	0.79	1.45
其他 Others	8.46	9.35	27.54	20.50	4.82	10.55

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