Effect of Long-term Biogas Slurry Application on Fungal Community in Rhizosphere Soil at Areca Taro Fields
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摘要:
目的 探究施用沼液对槟榔芋根际土壤真菌群落多样性的影响，为沼液更好的还田利用提供理论依据。 方法 采集连续施用沼液6年和未施用沼液的槟榔芋种植地块土壤，通过Illumina Miseq高通量测序平台，分析土壤真菌群落多样性、组成及其与土壤理化性质间的关系，揭示影响真菌群落的主要土壤因子。 结果 与未施用沼液土壤比较，连续施用沼液6年的土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量都有明显提高。连续施用沼液后土壤真菌物种OTUs数量、群落丰富度指数和多样性指数也明显增加。真菌门水平鉴定出子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）、球囊菌门（Glomeromycota）等类群，其中子囊菌门为土壤中丰富度最高的真菌类群。连续施用沼液明显增加了被孢霉门中被孢霉纲的相对丰度，而球囊菌门中球囊菌纲则大幅减少；连续施用沼液后土壤真菌属水平优势类群也发生明显改变。冗余分析结果表明，引起土壤真菌群落多样性变化最主要的环境因子为碱解氮、速效钾和有机质。 结论 长期施用沼液改变了槟榔芋根际土壤真菌所处的微环境，进而导致其群落组成和多样性发生变化。 Abstract:Objective Effect of long-term biogas slurry application on the diversity of fungal community in rhizosphere soil at areca taro fields was studied. Method The taro planting plots that had been continuously fertilized with biogas slurry in the past 6 years were sampled to compare with areas without such treatment as control. Using the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform, relationship between the fungal community and physicochemical characteristics of the soil was analyzed. Result The contents of organic matters, alkaline nitrogen, and available potassium in the soil were significantly increased by the continuous biogas slurry application. The fungal species OUT, community richness, and diversity at the sites also increased significantly. At phylum level, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Glomeromycota, etc. were identified in the soils, with Ascomycota being the most abundant. After 6-year biogas slurry application, the relative abundance of Mortierellomycetes in Mortierellomycota increased significantly, while that of Glomeromycetes in Glomeromycota decreased significantly in the soil. The dominant fungi at genus level were also changed significantly from control. The redundancy analysis indicated that the major factors affecting the change of fungal community diversity in soil included alkaline nitrogen, available potassium, and organic matters. Conclusion Long-term biogas slurry fertilization altered the soil microenvironment leading to changes in the composition and diversity of rhizosphere fungal community. -
图 1 不同施肥方式土壤真菌OTU分布韦恩图
注：CK，未施用沼液土壤；BS，沼液施肥6年土壤，下同。
Figure 1. Venn graph on fungi OTU distribution in soil under varied fertilizations
Note: CK, Soil with no biogas fertilization; BS, Soil with 6-year biogas slurry fertilization. Same for the following.
图 2 不同施肥方式土壤真菌群落在门水平的相对丰度
Figure 2. Relative abundance of fungal community at phylum level in soil under varied fertilizations
图 3 不同施肥方式土壤真菌群落在纲水平的相对丰度
Figure 3. Relative abundance of fungal community at class level in soil under varied fertilizations
图 4 不同施肥方式土壤真菌群落在属水平聚类热图
Figure 4. Cluster heatmap of fungal community at genus level in soil under varied fertilizations
图 5 不同施肥方式土壤真菌冗余分析
注：OM，有机质；AN，碱解氮；AP，速效磷；AK，速效钾。
Figure 5. Redundancy analysis on fungi in soil under varied fertilizations
Note: OM, Organic matter; AN, Alkali-hydrolysis N; AP, Available P; AK, Available K.
表 1 不同施肥方式土壤理化性质
Table 1. Physicochemical characteristics of soil under varied fertilizations
样品编号
Samples IDpH 有机质
Organic matter/（g·kg−1）碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolysis N/（mg·kg−1）速效磷
Available P/（mg·kg−1）速效钾
Available K/（mg·kg−1）CK 5.29±0.01a 38.02±0.06b 229±0.28b 31.59±0.25a 190±0.76b BS 5.27±0.0a 39.61±0.01a 254±2.47 a 30.17±0.10a 283±2.09a 注：CK，未施用沼液土壤；BS，沼液施肥6年土壤；同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著，表2同。
Note: CK, Soil with no biogas fertilization; BS, Soil with 6-year biogas slurry fertilization; Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level. Same for Table 2.
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表 2 不同施肥方式土壤真菌多样性分析
Table 2. Fungal diversity in soil under varied fertilizations
样品编号 Samples ID Chao1 Observed species PD whole tree Shannon CK 1 623±14.72b 1 252±18.88b 248±2.14b 6.72±0.26a BS 2 116±57.86a 1 582±66.11a 305±6.34a 6.87±0.23a
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