Breeding a New Variety of Freesia, Red Jade
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摘要:
目的 选育花色新、适应性好、耐逆性强的小苍兰新品种，优化小苍兰品种结构，满足消费者对新花色小苍兰品种的需求。 方法 2006年3月，以荷兰引进的红色品种Red Lion为母本，以紫色品种Royal Blue为父本进行杂交，2007年3月优选出紫红色目标杂交F1单株R1B1-1，2008–2012年经多代无性系筛选、扩繁，性状稳定，定名为红玉；2013–2015年红玉与双亲进行品比试验，2016年SRAP分子鉴定证实红玉为其父母本的真实杂交后代，2017–2019年红玉进行多点试验。 结果 选育出小苍兰新株系红玉（Freesia hybrida‘Red Jade’），该株系在福州、福清、政和等地9月下旬至10月上旬种植，翌年2月下旬至3月上旬开花，花期30 ～ 40 d；花被片上表面为紫红色（RHS：N74A），花喉部上表面为黄色（RHS：14A）；平均叶长41.8 cm、花茎长41.3 cm、花茎粗4.9 mm、分枝数3.9个、主花序长7.2 cm、主花序小花数8.9朵、花径3.9 cm、繁殖系数6.7；适应性好，耐逆性强，适宜在福建无霜冻及具有相似气候条件的地区推广种植。 结论 有性杂交与无性繁殖相结合是小苍兰新品种选育的重要途径。 Abstract:Objective A highly adaptable and stress-resistant variety of Freesia bearing flowers of a unique color was bred. Method A variety of Freesia from the Netherlands, Red Lion, was crossed with the purple Royal Blue in March 2006. A year later, the target purplish red hybrid F1 plant, R1B1-1, was selected. After screening and expanding through generations of cloning from 2008 to 2012, Freesia hybrida Red Jade stabilized characteristics was finally obtained. Subsequently, it was subjected to a comparison test with its parents from 2013 till 2015, a SRAP molecular identification for species confirmation in 2016, and the multi-point tests from 2017 to 2019. Result Red Jade was planted from late September to early October in Fuzhou, Fuqing, Zhenghe, and other localities to bloom for 30-40d from late February to early March in the following year. Its upper perianth was purplish red (RHS:N74A), and the throat yellow (RHS:14A), in color. The average length of leaf was 41.8cm, that of flower stem 41.3cm, that of flower stem girth 4.9mm with a branch count of 3.9, that of main inflorescence 7.2cm with a main inflorescence floret count of 8.9, and that of flower diameter 3.9cm with a reproduction coefficient of 6.7. Conclusion The new variety, Freesia hybrida Red Jade, was highly adaptable, stress resistant, and suitable for cultivation in Fujian and area of similar frost-free climate. Combining sexual hybridization and asexual propagation could be a promising approach to breed novel varieties of Freesia. -
Key words:
- Freesia /
- new variety /
- Red Jade /
- breeding
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图 2 红玉及其父母本花朵特征
注：A、D为红玉；B、E为Red Lion；C、F为Royal Blue。
Figure 2. Floral characteristics of Red Jade and its parents
Note：A and D: Red Jade; B and E: Red Lion; C and F: Royal Blue.
图 3 红玉及其父母本SRAP分子鉴定结果
注：M为2 000 bp DNA Ladder Marker；1为Royal Blue；2为红玉；3为Red Lion。
Figure 3. SRAP molecular identification on Red Jade and its parents
Note：M: 2 000 bp DNA ladder marker; 1: Royal Blue; 2: Red Jade; 3: Red Lion.
表 1 红玉与父母本品比试验主要性状表现
Table 1. Major characteristics of Red Jade and its parents
品种
Variety年份
Year叶长
Leaf length/cm花茎长
Flower stem
length/cm花茎粗
Flower stem
diameter/mm分枝数
Branch number/个主花序长
Main inflorescence
length/cm主花序小花数
Main inflorescence
floret number/朵花径
Flower diameter/cm繁殖系数
Propagation coefficient红玉 Red Jade 2014 40.8±2.59 38.5±2.30 5.0±0.21 3.6±0.30 7.6±0.50 8.5±0.60 3.9±0.30 7.0±0.20 2015 38.7±1.36 35.3±1.77 4.6±0.21 3.3±0.15 7.3±0.40 8.3±0.42 3.7±0.15 6.6±0.40 平均值 Mean 39.8±1.48 36.9±2.37 4.8±0.28 3.5±0.21 7.5±0.21 8.4±0.14 3.8±0.14 6.8±0.28 Royal Blue 2014 37.5±3.06 37.8±2.17 5.4±0.30 3.6±0.15 7.7±0.44 8.4±0.40 4.3±0.31 7.5±0.30 2015 35.4±2.80 34.3±1.50 5.2±0.51 4.0±0.63 7.4±0.76 8.5±0.55 4.1±0.15 7.3±0.45 平均值 Mean 36.45±1.48 36.05±2.47 5.3±0.14 3.8±0.28 7.6±0.21 8.5±0.07 4.2±0.14 7.4±0.14 Red Lion 2014 42.9±4.48 41.2±3.15 5.3±0.20 3.8±0.38 8.4±0.56 9.7±0.49 3.9±0.31 6.2±0.29 2015 38.6±3.82 37.8±2.19 5.2 ±0.37 4.4±0.52 8.0±0.93 9.4±0.97 3.8±0.17 6.0±0.28 平均值 Mean 40.8±2.39 39.5±2.40 5.2±0.07 4.1±0.42 8.2±0.28 9.6±0.21* 3.9±0.07 6.1±0.14* 注：*表示品种间差异显著（P＜0.05）。表2同。
Note：*significant difference between varieties （P＜0.05）. Same for Table 2.
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表 2 红玉多点试验主要性状表现
Table 2. Major characteristics of Red Jade exhibited in multi-point test
地点
Site年份
Year叶长
Leaf length/cm花茎长
Flower stemlength/cm花茎粗
Flower stem diameter/mm分枝数
Branch number/个主花序长
Main inflorescence length/cm主花序小花数
Main inflorescence floret number/朵花径
Flower diameter/cm繁殖系数
Propagation coefficient福州 Fu zhou 2018 44.2±4.29 41.3±4.32 4.8±0.25 3.9±0.53 7.2±0.31 9.5±0.55 3.9±0.22 7.1±0.61 2019 41.9±1.91 40.3±2.75 4.9±0.26 4.1±0.85 7.5±0.61 8.8±0.41 3.7±0.21 6.7±0.50 平均值 Mean 43.1±1.63 40.8±0.71 4.9±0.07 4.0±0.14 7.4±0.21 9.2±0.49 3.8±0.14 6.9±0.28 福清 Fu qing 2018 40.0±4.39 39.9±3.68 5.1±0.38 4.0±0.63 7.0±0.29 9.2±0.51 3.9±0.19 6.9±0.64 2019 38.3±3.04 36.9±2.32 5.0±0.19 3.9±0.58 7.2± 0.56 8.6±0.52 3.8±0.23 6.8±0.67 平均值 Mean 39.2±1.20 38.4±2.12 5.1±0.07 4.0±0.07 7.1±0.14 8.9±0.42 3.9±0.07 6.9±0.07 政和 Zheng he 2018 42.3±1.94 45.0±2.43 4.5±0.20 3.5±0.55 7.2±0.51 8.7±0.52 4.0±0.16 6.7±0.36 2019 43.9±2.89 44.5±2.56 4.4±0.29 3.7±0.82 6.9±0.66 8.3±0.82 3.9±0.20 6.5±0.48 平均值 Mean 43.1±1.13 44.8±0.35* 4.5±0.07* 3.6±0.14 7.1±0.21 8.5±0.28 4.0±0.07 6.6±0.14 综合平均值 Overall mean 41.8±2.28 41.3±3.04 4.9±0.28 3.9±0.22 7.2±0.21 8.9±0.43 3.9±0.10 6.7±0.20
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