油梨根际AM真菌多样性与土壤养分相关性分析

黄婷; 王明元; 秦紫艺; 刘昕炜; 徐志周; 孙越; 刘紫萱; 董涛

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.07.011

油梨根际AM真菌多样性与土壤养分相关性分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.07.011

1.
华侨大学园艺科学与工程研究中心，福建　厦门　361021
2.
广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室，广东　广州　510640

基金项目: 广东省农作物种质资源库（圃）建设与资源收集保存、鉴评项目（GDZY20180001）；泉州市科技计划项目（2018N003）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄婷（1998−），女，研究方向：土壤微生物（Email：Tea199807@icloud.com）

通讯作者:
董涛（1979−），男，博士，副研究员，研究方向：果树栽培生理与新品种选育（Email：taod2004@163.com）

中图分类号: S 154.36
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-06
- 修回日期: 2020-04-27
- 刊出日期: 2020-07-31

Correlation between AM Fungal Diversity and Rhizosphere Fertility at Avocado Fields

1.
Research Center of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 　361021, China
2.
Institute of Fruit Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong 　510640, China

摘要

摘要: 目的调查广西、云南、广东等3地7个样地油梨根际AM真菌的多样性，并分析与土壤养分之间的关系，为油梨AM真菌资源收集和开发提供理论依据。方法采用湿筛倾析-蔗糖离心法分离土壤孢子，进行形态学鉴定，研究AM真菌的物种多样性及土壤养分的相关性。结果试验共分离油梨根际AM真菌3属33种，球囊霉属22种、无梗囊霉属7种、盾巨孢囊霉属4种，其中：木薯球囊霉、瑞氏无梗囊霉、深红盾巨孢囊霉、黑色盾巨孢囊霉为共有优势种，近明球囊霉、纯黄球囊霉、网状球囊霉、副冠球囊霉、疣突球囊霉、细凹无梗囊霉、疣壁盾巨孢囊霉为常见种；不同样地油梨根际AM真菌Sorenson相似性系数（0.29～0.92），普遍极高或高；相关性分析表明，AM真菌菌种丰度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与速效磷含量呈显著负相关。结论油梨根际土壤的AM真菌多样性丰富，球囊霉属为优势种群，且AM真菌种丰度多样性与土壤速效磷呈显著负相关。
- 油梨 /
- AM真菌 /
- 多样性 /
- 土壤养分 /
- 相关性
Abstract: Objective Correlation between the diversity of AM fungal community and the fertility of rhizosphere soil of avocado orchards in Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guangdong provinces was studied. Method Spores of AM fungi collected from the field samples were isolated by wet screening and identified morphologically. The fungal diversity and nutrient contents in the soil specimens were determined. Result Thirty-three species from 3 genera of AM fungi were isolated and identified. They included 22 species of Glomus, 7 of Acaulospora, and 4 of Scutellospora. Among them, G. manihotis, A. rehmii, S. rubra, and S. reticulate were dominate species, and G. claroideum, G. luteum, G. reticulatum, G. coronatum, G. verruculosum, A. scrobiculata, and S. verrucose were commonly found in all samples. The Sorenson similarity coefficients on the AM fungi in the rhizosphere soils varied between 0.29 and 0.92 and were generally extremely high or high. The species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of the fungal community significantly inversely correlated with the available phosphorus in soil. Conclusion The AM fungi in avocado rhizosphere soil were highly diverse with Glomus being the predominant species, and the population inversely correlated to the phosphorus content in soil.
- Avocado /
- AM fungi /
- diversity /
- soil nutrients /
- correlation

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图 1 油梨根际AM真菌的优势种（100x）

注：A.木薯球囊霉; B.瑞氏无梗囊霉; C.深红盾巨孢囊霉; D.黑色盾巨孢囊霉。

Figure 1. Dominant AM fungal species in rhizosphere soil

Note: A: G. manihotis; B: A. rehmii; C: S. rubra; D: S. reticulate.

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表 1 油梨根际土壤样品来源

Table 1. Source of avocado rhizosphere soil samples

样地编号 Serial number	采样地 Samples location	海拔 Altitude/m	经纬度 Coordinate	品种 Variety	采样时间 Sampling time
SY1	广西崇左市扶绥县山圩镇山圩农场 Shanxu Farm, Shanxu Town, Fusui County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi	80	N22°27ʹ18ʺ，E108°0ʹ14ʺ	哈斯 Hass	2018-03-14
SY2	广西崇左市扶绥县山圩镇山圩农场 Shanxu Farm, Shanxu Town, Fusui County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi	80	N22°27ʹ18ʺ，E108°0ʹ14ʺ	福瑞特 Freet	2018-03-14
MB	保山市隆阳区潞江镇芒棒村 Mangbang Village, Lujiang Town, Longyang District, Baoshan City	910	N25°3ʹ33ʺ，E98°49ʹ35ʺ	哈斯 Hass	2018-03-20
HW	德宏州瑞丽市勐秀乡户瓦村 Huwa Village, Mengxiu Township, Ruili City, Dehong Prefecture	980	N24°7ʹ13ʺ，E97°45ʹ16ʺ	缅甸品种1 Burmese breed 1	2018-03-21
MX	德宏州瑞丽市勐秀乡勐秀村 Huwa Village, Mengxiu Township, Ruili City, Dehong Prefecture	1350	N24°3ʹ51ʺ，E97°84ʹ1ʺ	哈斯 Hass	2018-03-21
RL	德宏州瑞丽市云南农科院热经所瑞丽实验站 Ruili Experimental Station, Thermal Economic Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ruili City, Dehong Prefecture	80	N24°1ʹ15ʺ，E97°52ʹ10ʺ	缅甸品种2 Burmese breed 2	2018-03-22
GD	广东省农业科学院果树研究所 Fruit Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	10	N23°9ʹ22ʺ，E113°22ʹ2ʺ	哈斯 Hass	2018-04-03

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表 2 油梨根际土壤因子分析

Table 2. Analysis on factors of avocado rhizosphere soil

采样地 Sampling site	土壤 pH Soil pH	有机质 Organic matter/（g·kg⁻¹）	速效磷 Available phosphorus content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	速效氮 Available nitrogen content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	速效钾 Available potassium content/（mg·kg⁻¹）
SY1	6.18±0.03 a	30.73±0.40 c	159.75±10.35 b	33.60±2.80 b	106.10±2.94 d
SY2	5.33±0.07 d	29.81±1.05 c	13.43±0.49 e	33.60±0.00 b	132.44±0.73 c
MB	5.60±0.03 c	37.60±0.79 a	0.71±0.49 f	23.33±4.28 b	174.62±1.81 a
HW	4.34±0.01 e	26.14±0.69 d	71.35±7.51 d	22.40±3.96 b	128.47±1.36 c
MX	4.04±0.01 f	34.16±0.40 b	70.04±2.46 d	56.93±5.83 a	174.32±2.00 a
RL	5.84±0.05 b	10.78±0.40 f	301.36±3.94 a	23.80±1.40 b	140.46±1.25 b
GD	4.26±0.01 e	20.87±0.40 e	104.18±5.17 c	22.40±2.80 b	133.73±2.25 c
注：同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Note: Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant difference at 0.05 level.

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表 3 油梨根际AM真菌种质资源与分布情况

Table 3. Germplasms and distribution of AM fungi in avocado rhizosphere soil

AM真菌种类 AM fungi species	采样地 Samples location
AM真菌种类 AM fungi species	SY1	SY2	MB	HW	MX	RL	GD
白色球囊霉 Glomus albidum	−	+	+	+	−	−	+
悬钩子球囊霉 Glomus rubiforme	−	−	−	+	−	−	−
纯黄球囊霉 Glomus luteum	+	+	+	+	+	−	+
幼套球囊霉 Glomus etunicatum	+	+	+	+	−	−	+
近明球囊霉 Glomus claroideum	−	+	+	+	+	+	+
棒孢球囊霉 Glomus clavisporum	−	+	+	−	+	−	−
沙荒球囊霉 Glomus deserticola	−	+	+	+	+	−	+
木薯球囊霉 Glomus manihotis	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
金黄球囊霉Glomus manihotis	+	+	+	+	−	−	+
两型球囊霉 Glomus dimorphicum	+	+	+	+	−	−	+
网状球囊霉 Glomus reticulatum	+	+	+	+	+	−	+
异形球囊霉 Glomus heterosporum	−	+	+	+	+	+	−
单孢球囊霉Glomus monosporum	−	−	+	+	−	−	+
大果球囊霉 Glomus macrocarpum	−	+	+	+	−	−	+
布氏球囊霉Glomus brohultii	+	+	+	+	−	−	+
副冠球囊霉 Glomus coronatum	+	+	+	+	+	−	+
疣突球囊霉 Glomus verruculosum	−	+	+	+	+	+	+
澳洲球囊霉 Glomus austral	−	−	+	−	−	−	+
黑球囊霉 Glomus melanosporum	−	−	−	−	+	+	−
沙生球囊霉 Glomus arenarium	−	+	+	+	−	−	−
Glomus ramisporophora	−	+	+	+	+	−	−
Glomus caesaris	−	+	+	+	−	−	+
孔窝无梗囊霉 Acaulosporafoveata	−	+	+	−	+	−	+
蜜色无梗囊霉 Acaulosporamellea	−	−	+	+	+	−	+
疣状无梗囊霉 Acaulosporatuberculata	+	−	+	+	+	+	+
瑞氏无梗囊霉 Acaulosporarehmii	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
细凹无梗囊霉 Acaulosporascrobiculata	+	+	+	+	+	−	+
脆无梗囊霉 Acaulosporadelicate	−	+	+	+	−	−	−
凹坑无梗囊霉 Acaulospora excavate	−	−	+	+	−	+	+
疣壁盾巨孢囊霉 Scutellosporaverrucosa	+	+	+	+	+	+	−
深红盾巨孢囊霉 Scutellospora rubra	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
黑色盾巨孢囊霉 Scutellospora reticulate	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
异配盾巨孢囊霉 Scutellosporaheterogama	−	+	+	+	+	−	+
注：+：表示该地存在AM真菌。−：表示该地未存在AM真菌。 Note: + Presence of AM fungi at sampling site; − absence of AM fungi at sampling site.

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表 4 油梨根际AM真菌相对丰度、分离频度、重要值

Table 4. Relative richness, isolation frequency, and importance of AM fungi in avocado rhizosphere soil

AM真菌种类 AM fungi species	相对丰度 RA/%	分离频度 F/%	重要值 I/%
白色球囊霉 Glomus albidum	6.79	57.14	31.97
悬钩子球囊霉 Glomus rubiforme	0.05	14.29	7.17
纯黄球囊霉 Glomus luteum	4.81	85.71	45.26
幼套球囊霉 Glomus etunicatum	5.32	71.43	38.37
近明球囊霉 Glomus claroideum	3.75	85.71	44.73
棒孢球囊霉 Glomus clavisporum	1.57	42.86	22.21
沙荒球囊霉 Glomus deserticola	2.08	71.43	36.75
木薯球囊霉 Glomus manihotis	7.55	100.00	53.77
金黄球囊霉 Glomus manihotis	2.63	71.43	37.03
两型球囊霉 Glomus dimorphicum	2.74	71.43	37.08
网状球囊霉 Glomus reticulatum	6.79	85.71	46.25
异形球囊霉 Glomus heterosporum	2.68	71.43	37.06
单孢球囊霉 Glomus monosporum	1.01	42.86	21.94
大果球囊霉 Glomus macrocarpum	2.48	57.14	29.81
布氏球囊霉 Glomus brohultii	3.09	71.43	37.26
副冠球囊霉 Glomus coronatum	3.24	85.71	44.48
疣突球囊霉 Glomus verruculosum	1.98	85.71	43.80
澳洲球囊霉 Glomus austral	1.47	28.57	15.02
黑球囊霉 Glomus melanosporum	0.66	28.57	14.61
沙生球囊霉 Glomus arenarium	1.11	28.57	14.84
Glomus ramisporophora	1.06	57.14	29.10
Glomus caesaris	1.98	57.14	29.56
孔窝无梗囊霉 Acaulosporafoveata	2.23	57.14	29.69
蜜色无梗囊霉 Acaulosporamellea	2.38	57.14	29.76
疣状无梗囊霉 Acaulosporatuberculata	4.36	85.71	45.04
瑞氏无梗囊霉 Acaulosporarehmii	5.67	100.00	52.84
细凹无梗囊霉 Acaulosporascrobiculata	3.14	85.71	44.43
脆无梗囊霉 Acaulosporadelicate	1.77	42.86	22.32
凹坑无梗囊霉 Acaulospora excavate	1.06	57.14	29.10
疣壁盾巨孢囊霉 Scutellosporaverrucosa	2.53	85.71	44.12
深红盾巨孢囊霉 Scutellospora rubra	4.31	100.00	52.15
黑色盾巨孢囊霉 Scutellospora reticulate	4.26	100.00	52.13
异配盾巨孢囊霉 Scutellosporaheterogama	3.44	71.43	37.44

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表 5 不同试验区AM真菌孢子密度、种丰度、多样性指数

Table 5. Spore density, species richness, and diversity index of AM fungi at different sites

采样地 Samples location	孢子密度 Spore Density/（cfu·g⁻¹）	种丰度 Species richness	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener Index
SY1	877±83 c	14 d	2.42 c
SY2	1 349±181 b	26 ab	2.95 b
MB	1 749±106 a	31 a	3.22 a
HW	547±69 d	29 a	2.83 b
MX	336±16 e	20 c	2.87 b
RL	109±24 f	11 d	2.24 c
GD	296±21 e	25 ab	2.90 b
注：同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Note: Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant difference at 0.05 level.

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表 6 不同采样地油梨根际AM真菌群落Sorenson相似性系数

Table 6. Sorenson similarity indices of AM fungi at different locations

采样地 Sample location	SY1	SY2	MB	HW	MX	RL
SY2	0.65
MB	0.62	0.91
HW	0.67	0.85	0.92
MX	0.29	0.74	0.75	0.71
RL	0.56	0.74	0.48	0.51	0.65
GD	0.36	0.78	0.89	0.87	0.67	0.44

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表 7 油梨根际AM真菌多样性与土壤因子相关性分析

Table 7. Correlation between AM fungal diversity and rhizosphere fertility

	土壤pH Soil pH	有机质 Organic matter/（g·kg⁻¹）	速效磷 Available phosphorus content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	速效氮 Available nitrogen content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	速效钾 Available potassium content/（mg·kg⁻¹）
孢子密度 Spore Density	0.408	0.717	−0.687	−0.153	0.181
种丰度 Species richness	−0.437	0.536	−0.875^**	−0.254	0.332
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-WiennerIndex	−0.444	0.696	−0.936^**	−0.002	0.554
注：^：在0.05水平（双侧）上显著相关。^：在0.01水平（双侧）上极显著相关。 Note: Significant correlation at P＜0.05 （bilateral）; ** significant correlation at P＜0.01 （bilateral）.

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