铁皮石斛新品种福斛1号的选育

张志勇; 周美玲; 梁金平; 黄萍萍; 张川

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.07.003

铁皮石斛新品种福斛1号的选育

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.07.003

福建省龙岩市农业科学研究所，福建　龙岩　364000

基金项目: 福建省科技计划项目（2017N0064）

详细信息

作者简介:
张志勇（1973−），男，副研究员，主要从事药用植物栽培、育种技术研究（E-mail：zhiyongz@126.com）

中图分类号: S 567.23
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-16
- 修回日期: 2020-05-09
- 刊出日期: 2020-07-31

Breeding a New Variety of Dendrobium officinale, Fuhu 1

Longyan Agricultural Research Institute, Longyan, Fujian 　364000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的选育适宜福建本地推广的优质高产铁皮石斛新品种，促进福建省铁皮石斛产业的可持续性发展。方法以连城县冠豸山野生种L-2为母本自然授粉获得蒴果，从其后代实生苗中筛选出农艺性状好、茎条产量高等综合性状最优株系LF-9。利用组培技术无性扩繁LF-9株系种苗，以冠豸山野生种L-2为对照，经多年多点试验、品质检测、显微结构鉴定、分子鉴定，其品质优良，定名为福斛1号。结果福斛1号2年区域试验平均鲜茎条产量4 777.5 kg·hm⁻²，比对照野生种L-2增产17.7%，增产达极显著水平。收获期调查福斛1号疫病发病率平均0.9%，比对照发病轻50.0%，黑斑病发病率平均7.3%，比对照发病轻29.8%。福斛1号石斛多糖含量51.8%，比对照提高8.8%；醇溶性浸出物含量15.3%，比对照提高82.1%。结论福斛1号于2016年通过福建省农作物品种认定（闽认药2016001），其具有农艺性状好、产量高、品质优、抗逆性强等优良特性，可作为福建省推广种植的优良铁皮石斛新品种。
- 铁皮石斛 /
- 福斛1号 /
- 选育 /
- 特征特性
Abstract: Objective A new high-quality, high-yield Dendrobium officinale variety suitable for cultivation in Fujian was bred. Method The capsules of D. officinale were obtained from natural pollination of L-2, a wild species found at Guanzhaishan in Liancheng County. From the offspring seedlings, LF-9 with the most desirable agronomic traits, growth potential, and stem yield was selected and rapidly propagated in tissue culture. Result After years of experimental cultivations at various localities, LF-9 excelled L-2 （CK） in quality evaluation, by microstructure observation, and with molecular identification. It was named Fuhu 1 and rendered in two-year regional tests an average fresh stem yield of 4,77 7.5 kg·hm^-2, which was 17.7% higher than that of CK. At harvest, merely 0.9% of the plants were infected by the blight disease. The infection rate was 50.0% lower than that of CK. For the black spot disease, the occurrence rate was 7.3%, which was 29.8% lower that of CK. On the contents of functional ingredients, Fuhu 1 contained 51.8% polysaccharides, i.e., 8.8% higher than CK, and 15.3% alcohol soluble, i.e., 82.1% higher than CK. Conclusion D. officinale var. Fuhu 1 was certified by the Committee of Identifying Variety in Fujian Province in 2016 （Fujian Medicine No. 2016001）. It was a superior variety with highly desirable agronomic properties including high yield, high quality, and strong disease resistance and considered a promising new D. officinale for commercial cultivation in Fujian.
- Dendrobium officinale /
- Fuhu 1 /
- breeding /
- characteristics

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图 1 福斛1号选育流程

Figure 1. Breeding of Fuhu 1

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图 2 福斛1号植株形态特征

注：A福斛1号与对照株型对比；B 鲜茎条外观特征；C群体生长状态。

Figure 2. Morphological characteristics of Fuhu 1

Note: A: Comparison between Fuhu 1 and control; B: Appearance of fresh stems; C: Population growth.

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图 3 福斛1号茎横切面显微结构

Figure 3. Microstructure of transverse stem section of Fuhu 1

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图 4 福斛1号与冠豸山野生种L-2（CK）的SSR分子标记鉴定结果

注：M为 DL2000 DNA marker；1为福斛1号；2为冠豸山野生种L-2（CK）；A为DNeSSR9；B为DOeSSR78。

Figure 4. SSR molecular identifications on L-2 （CK） and Fuhu 1

Note: M: DL 2000 DNA marker; 1: Fuhu 1; 2: Guanzhaishan wild species L-2 （CK）; A: DNeSSR9; B: DOeSSR78.

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表 1 SSR分子标记检测引物

Table 1. Primers of SSR molecular marker

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列（5'→3'） Primer sequence（5'→3'）
DNeSSR9-F	AAGAGATGGGTTCTCTTTCAC
DNeSSR9-R	CAGCTCAAGAACATGACTTTT
DOeSSR78-F	TTCAGAGTTCTTGGTGACATT
DOeSSR78-R	CAGACCCAAACTCTACCTGTT

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表 2 福斛1号在福建省区域试验中的产量表现

Table 2. Yield of Fuhu 1 at regional trials in Fujian

品种 Variety	年份 Year	试验点数 Number of test points	产量 Average yield /（kg·hm⁻²）	比对照增产 Compare with CK/（kg·hm⁻²）	比对照增产率 Ratio compared with CK/%	差异显著性 Significance of difference
品种 Variety	年份 Year	试验点数 Number of test points	产量 Average yield /（kg·hm⁻²）	比对照增产 Compare with CK/（kg·hm⁻²）	比对照增产率 Ratio compared with CK/%	0.05	0.01
福斛1号 Fuhu 1	2012	5	4 702.5	661.5	16.4	a	A
	2013	5	4 852.5	777.0	19.1	a	A
	平均 Average		4 777.5	718.5	17.7	a	A
冠豸山野生种L-2 Guanzhaishan wild species L-2（CK）	2012	5	4 041.0			b	B
	2013	5	4 075.5			b	B
	平均 Average		4 059.0			b	B
注：表中数据为5个区试点小区产量平均值折算的产量。表3同。 Note: Data are average yields at 5 pilot lots.

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表 3 福斛1号丰产性及其稳定性表现

Table 3. Yield and stability of Fuhu 1

品种 Variety	丰产性参数 Yield parameter		稳定性参数 Stability parameter		综合评价 Synthesis evaluation
品种 Variety	小区产量 Plot yield/g	效应 Effect	方差 Variance	变异度 Variability	综合评价 Synthesis evaluation
福斛1号 Fuhu 1	3 191.48	246.775	9 171.444	3.00	很好 Excellent
冠豸山野生种L-2 Guanzhaishan wild species L-2（CK）	2 697.93	−246.775	9 171.444	3.55	较差 Not good

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表 4 福斛1号收获期茎叶农艺性状表现

Table 4. Agronomic characteristics of stems and leaves of Fuhu 1 at harvest

地点 Site	品种 Variety	茎条长 Stem Length/cm	茎条粗 Stem thickness/mm	节间长 Internode length/cm	单丛茎数 Stems per cluster/条	单丛茎叶重 Stem and leaf weight per cluster/g	单丛茎条重 Stem weight per cluster/g	长中条比率 Long medium rate/%	叶长 Leaf Length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm
农科所 nongkesuo	福斛1号 Fuhu 1	21.8±0.2	5.3±0.1	1.5±0.1	4±0.7	33.6±3.3	17.8±2.2	77.5±11.0	5.1±0.1	1.6±0.1
农科所 nongkesuo	对照 CK	19.3±0.2	5.2±0.1	1.5±0.1	3.9±0.7	28.2±2.3	15.3±2.5	66.7±7.9	5.1±0.1	1.3±0.1
冠江 Guanjiang	福斛1号 Fuhu 1	20.9±0.2	5.5±0.2	1.4±0.1	3.6±0.7	33.8±4.5	17.1±2.1	75.0±3.9	4.9±0.1	1.6±0.1
冠江 Guanjiang	对照 CK	18.9±0.2	4.9±0.1	1.3±0.1	3.7±0.7	28.1±2.9	15.0±1.6	62.2±5.8	4.9±0.1	1.4±0.1
九益堂 Jiuyitang	福斛1号 Fuhu 1	19.8±0.7	4.9±0.3	1.5±0.2	3.8±0.9	32.5±4.3	16.4±3.2	68.4±5.8	4.9±0.8	1.5±0.3
九益堂 Jiuyitang	对照 CK	18.3±0.3	4.8±0.1	1.4±0.1	3.8±0.8	26.2±2.6	13.8±1.9	60.5±2.4	5.0±0.1	1.5±0.1
扬基 Yangji	福斛1号 Fuhu 1	20.4±1.5	5.1±0.2	1.5±0.1	4.1±1	29.8±2.2	18.4±7.2	67.3±7.4	5.0±0.4	1.5±0.2
扬基 Yangji	对照 CK	19.2±0.6	5.1±0.3	1.3±0.2	3.8±0.8	28.5±2.3	15.0±6.4	62.8±10.4	5.2±0.3	1.4±0.2
平均 Average	福斛1号 Fuhu 1	20.7±0.8^**	5.2±0.3	1.5±0.1	3.9±0.2	32.4±1.8^**	17.4±0.9^**	72.0±5.0^*	5.0±0.1	1.6±0.1^*
平均 Average	对照 CK	18.9±0.4	5.0±0.2	1.4±0.1	3.8±0.1	27.8±1.0	14.8±0.7	63.0±2.6	5.0±0.1	1.4±0.1
注：表示品种间差异显著（P＜0.05）, 表示品种间差异极显著（P＜0.01）。 Note: Significant difference at P＜0.05; ** extremely significant difference at P＜0.01.

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表 5 福斛1号收获期发病率调查

Table 5. Disease infection rates of Fuhu 1 shown at harvest

地点 Site	年份 Year	疫病 Blight disease				黑斑病 Black spot
		福斛1号 Fuhu 1		冠豸山野生种L-2 Guanzhaishan wild species L-2（CK）		福斛1号 Fuhu 1		冠豸山野生种L-2 Guanzhaishan wild species L-2（CK）
		发病数 Number of cases Cluster	发病率 Incidence rate%	发病数 Number of cases Cluster	发病率 Incidence rate%	发病数 Number of cases Cluster	发病率 Incidence rate%	发病数 Number of cases Cluster	发病率Incidence rate%rate%
农科所 nongkesuo	2012	1	0.3	6	2.0	20	6.7	31	10.3
农科所 nongkesuo	2013	2	0.7	10	3.3	16	5.3	27	9.0
彬彬 Binbin	2012	0	0	2	0.7	14	4.7	25	8.3
彬彬 Binbin	2013	3	1.0	4	1.3	15	5.0	22	7.3
冠江 Guanjiang	2012	5	1.7	6	2.0	23	7.7	33	11.0
冠江 Guanjiang	2013	2	0.7	7	2.3	27	9.0	32	10.7
九益堂 Jiuyitang	2012	1	0.3	2	0.7	36	12.0	48	16.0
九益堂 Jiuyitang	2013	3	1.0	3	1.0	25	8.3	42	14.0
扬基 Yangji	2012	5	1.7	9	3.0	19	6.3	29	9.7
扬基 Yangji	2013	4	1.3	5	1.7	24	8.0	23	7.7
平均 Average		2.6	0.9^**	5.4	1.8	21.9	7.3	31.2	10.4
注：每个试验点随机调查3个点，每点调查100丛，共300丛；表示品种间差异极显著（P＜0.01）。 Note: One hundred plants were sampled on 3 randomly selected spots at each testing point to collect a total of 300 plants for disease examination. indicates extremely significant difference in comparison with CK （P＜0.01）.

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表 6 福斛1号品质化验结果

Table 6. Quality of Fuhu 1

检验项目 Inspection items	《中国药典》2010版铁皮石斛质量标准 Quality standard of Dendrobium officinale 2010 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia	福斛1号 Fuhu 1	冠豸山野生种L-2 Guanzhaishan wild species L-2（CK）
甘露糖与葡萄糖峰面积比 Peak area ratio of mannose to glucose	应为2.4～8.0 It should be 2.4～8.0	2.5	2.8
水分 Water content/%	不得过12.0% Less than or equal to 12.0%	8.1	8.2
总灰分 Total ash/%	不得过6.0% Less than or equal to 16.0%	3.1	3.3
醇溶性浸出物 Alcohol soluble extract/%	不得少于6.5% Not less than 6.5%	15.3	8.4
多糖 Polysaccharide/%	不得少于25.0% Not less than 25.0%	51.8	47.6
甘露糖 Mannose/%	应为13.0%～38.0% It should be 13.0%～38.0%	29.3	20.6

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