秸秆还田与客土改良酸性植烟土壤及提升烟叶产质量的效果

文志强; 林阿典; 廖卿; 黄振瑞; 李集勤; 李淑玲

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.06.011

秸秆还田与客土改良酸性植烟土壤及提升烟叶产质量的效果

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.06.011

1.
广东烟草韶关市有限公司，广东　韶关　512000
2.
广州市农业机械化技术推广站，广东　广州　510405
3.
广东省农业科学院作物研究所/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室/广东省烟草育种与综合利用工程技术研究中心，广东　广州　510640

基金项目: 广东省烟草专卖局科技计划项目（粤烟科项201701、201702）、广东省农业科学院青年科技骨干项目（R2019YJ-QG001）

详细信息

作者简介:
文志强（1979−），男，硕士，农艺师，研究方向：烟草栽培（E-mail：wenyunfeng2007@163.com）

通讯作者:
黄振瑞（1980−），男，博士，研究员，研究方向：烟草栽培与养分管理（E-mail：fjsi@163.com）

中图分类号: S 572
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-20
- 修回日期: 2020-05-29
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-10

Improvement effects of straw returning and mixed purple soils on acidic soil and yield & quality of flue-cured tobacco

1.
Guangdong tobacco shaoguan Co. LTD, shaoguan　512000 China
2.
Guangzhou Agricultural and Mechanizational Extension Station, Guangzhou　510405 China
3.
Grops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province//Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangzhou　510640 China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究秸秆还田和客土技术对植烟酸性白沙泥田的改良效果，为烟叶产质量提升提供有效技术措施。方法通过田间试验，设置不施用秸秆和紫色土（T1，CK）、仅秸秆还田（T2，3 000 kg·hm⁻²）、仅掺紫色土（T3，225 m³·hm⁻²）和秸秆还田（3 000 kg·hm⁻²）+掺紫色土（225 m³·hm⁻²）（T4）4个处理，研究水稻秸秆还田和客土对植烟土壤理化性状、烟叶产质量等方面的影响。结果秸秆还田和客土方式均能改善土壤物理性状，T2和T4处理，土壤容重分别比对照降低了6.38%和2.12%；土壤质地由黏壤土（CK）转变为壤土（T2）和粉砂壤土（T3、T4）。与T1处理相比，T2处理显著提升了土壤pH值、有机质和碱解氮含量；T3处理的pH和速效钾含量分别比T1处理增加了1.43和19.98 mg·kg⁻¹；对土壤化学性状的改良效果以T4处理最好，其植烟土壤pH值、有机质和速效钾含量分别是T1处理的1.21、1.26和1.28倍（p＜0.05）。秸秆还田和客土方式都促进了烟草生长，提高了烤烟经济效益和品质，以秸秆还田+掺紫色土处理（T4）烟叶的经济性状、C3F等级烟叶的化学成分协调性和感官评价质量最优，烤烟产量、产值和上等烟比例分别比T1处理提高了35.04%、20.64%和38.59%。结论秸秆还田+掺紫色土协同处理改良酸性植烟土壤效果最好，可以有效改善土壤物理性状，显著提高土壤pH值、有机质及速效钾含量，从而实现酸性白沙泥田的改良和烟草的提质增效效果。
- 秸秆还田 /
- 客土 /
- 酸性土壤改良 /
- 烟草品质
Abstract: Objective Improvement effects of straw returning and mixed purple soils was studied to form efficient remediation technology of sandy acid soil and yield & quality of flue-cured tobacco. Method Field experiments were conducted to find the effects of the straw returning and mixed purple soils on physicochemical properties of soil, yield & quality of flue-cured tobacco, which were: no straw and purple soils added as control (T1,CK), straw returning (T2, 3 000 kg·hm⁻²), mixed purple soils (T3,225 m³·hm⁻²), straw returning (3 000 kg·hm⁻²)+ mixed purple soils (225 m³·hm⁻²) (T4). Result Treatments of straw returning and mixed purple soils could improve the soil physical properties. Compared with CK, the soil bulk density were decreased by 6.38%, 2.12 % for T2 and T4,while the soil particle size composition transformed from clayey loam (CK) to loam (T2), silty loam (T3 and T4). Compared with CK, the soil pH, organic matter and Avail. N were significantly improved by T2; the soil pH and available potassium were increased by 1.43 and 19.98 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively. The remarkable improvement of chemical properties of soil was T4, which the pH value, organic matter and available potassium content of tobacco planting soil were 1.21, 1.26 and 1.28 times higher than those of T1 (CK), respectively. Treatments of straw returning and mixed purple soils even could promote the growth of tobacco, improve the economic benefits and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The best effect on economic characteristics of tobacco, chemical composition coordination and sensory evaluation quality in grade C3F of flue-cured tobacco leaves was T4, the yield, output and the proportion of high quality of which increased by 35.04 %, 20.64 % and 38.59 % ,respectively. Conclusion The best improvement effects of acid soil was straw returning (3 000 kg·hm⁻²) cooperated with mixed purple soils (225 m³·hm⁻²). It can effectively improve the physical properties, pH value, organic matter and available potassium content of soil, then achieve economic returns from both sides of tobacco leaves’ yield & quality and the sustainable remediation of sandy acid soil.
- straw returning /
- mixed purple soil /
- remediation of acid soil /
- tobacco quality

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图 1 不同处理对植烟土壤容重和颗粒组成的影响

注：同一图中不同小写字母表示数据存在5%显著差异（p＜0.05）。

Figure 1. The soil bulk density and particle size composition affected by different amendments

Note: The different letter in the same figure means significant at 5%.

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表 1 不同处理对土壤化学性质的影响

Table 1. Effects of different amendments on soil physical and chemical properties

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter/g·kg⁻¹	碱解氮 Avail. N/mg·kg⁻¹	速效磷 Avail. P/mg·kg⁻¹	速效钾 Avail. K/mg·kg⁻¹
T1（CK）	5.52 c	21.23 b	118.40 b	31.01 a	70.05 b
T2	5.83 b	28.75 a	125.14 a	29.04 a	67.32 b
T3	6.95 a	17.95 c	114.65 b	25.20 b	82.51 a
T4	6.71 a	26.83 a	116.15 b	28.49 a	90.03 a
注：数值后面不同小写字母表示同列数据存在5%显著差异（p＜0.05）。表2～4同。 Note: The different letter in a line means significant at 5%.The same as Fig.2-4.

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表 2 不同处理对烟株农艺性状的影响

Table 2. Effects of different amendments on agronomic characters of tobacco plants

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	有效叶片数 Effective leaf numbers	茎围 Stem girth/cm	节距 Internode length/cm	最大叶长 Maximum leaf length/cm	最大叶宽 Maximum leaf width/cm
T1（CK）	113.8 c	21.8 a	8.3 b	4.4 b	66.2 b	28.6 b
T2	117.4 b	21.6 a	8.6 a	4.8 a	70.4 a	30.1 b
T3	118.8 b	21.5 a	8.8 a	4.5 b	64.7 b	28.4 b
T4	124.4 a	22.0 a	9.0 a	4.8 a	69.5 a	32.1 a

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表 3 不同处理对烤烟经济性状的影响

Table 3. Effects of different amendments on economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco

处理 Treatment	上等烟 High quality/%	中等烟 Middle quality/%	产量 Yield/kg·hm⁻²	产值 Output/元·hm⁻²
T1（CK）	38.40 c	48.89 a	1 862.5 c	41 793.1 c
T2	48.71 ab	48.35 a	2 382.1 b	48 278.5 ab
T3	44.09 b	47.23 a	2 350.6 b	46 938.3 b
T4	53.22 a	44.08 a	2 515.1 a	50 418.6 a

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表 4 不同处理对烤烟C3F（中部叶）等级叶片化学特性的影响

Table 4. Effects of different amendments on chemical properties of flue-cured tobacco leaves in grade C3F

处理 Treatment	总糖 Total sugar/%	还原糖 Reducing sugar/%	烟碱 Nicotine/%	总氮 Total N/%	钾 K/%	氯 Cl/%	糖碱比 Total sugar/Nicotine	氮碱比 Total N/Nicotine
T1（CK）	20.5 b	16.5 b	2.97 a	2.46 a	2.33 b	0.62 a	6.90 c	0.83 a
T2	22.2 a	18.3 a	2.60 b	2.30 a	2.29 b	0.56 a	8.54 b	0.88 a
T3	24.2 a	18.6 a	2.81 a	2.02 b	2.61 a	0.51 a	8.61 b	0.72 b
T4	23.7 a	19.4 a	2.49 b	2.38 a	2.65 a	0.58 a	9.52 a	0.96 a

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表 5 不同处理对烤烟C3F（中部叶）等级叶片感官质量的影响

Table 5. Effects of different amendments on sensory qualities of flue-cured tobacco leaves in grade C3F

处理 Treatment	香气质 Aroma quality	香气量 Aroma concentration	余味 Aftertaste	杂气 Impurity	刺激性 Irritation	燃烧性 Combustion	灰色 Ash	总得分 Total score
T1（CK）	11.00	15.67	18.83	12.75	8.75	3.08	3.00	73.08
T2	11.33	15.92	19.33	13.17	8.92	3.08	3.00	74.75
T3	11.08	15.75	19.08	12.92	8.83	3.08	3.00	73.74
T4	11.50	15.92	19.58	13.42	8.92	3.08	3.00	75.42

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