福建省有机肥中养分和重金属含量特征

刘兰英; 何肖云; 黄薇; 陈丽华; 吕新; 涂杰峰; 罗土炎

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.06.010

福建省有机肥中养分和重金属含量特征

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.06.010

刘兰英^{1, 2,},
何肖云^{1, 2},
黄薇^{1, 2},
陈丽华^{1, 2},
吕新^{1, 2},
涂杰峰^{1, 2},
罗土炎^{1, 2, ,}

1.
福建省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所，福建　福州　350003
2.
福建省农产品质量安全重点实验室，福建　福州　350003

基金项目: 福建省自然科学基金项目（2018J01037）；福建省科技计划公益类专项（2018R1018-4、2019R1022-6）；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目（STIT2017-1-12）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘兰英（1987−），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：产地环境与农产品质量安全（E-mail：lly87119@126.com）

通讯作者:
罗土炎（1972−），男，硕士，研究员，研究方向：水产养殖与畜牧兽医（E-mail：910371689@qq.com）

中图分类号: X 839.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-09
- 修回日期: 2020-05-09
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-10

Nutrient and Heavy Metal Contents in Organic Fertilizers Produced in Fujian

LIU Lanying^{1, 2
,},
HE Xiaoyun^{1, 2},
HUANG Wei^{1, 2},
CHEN Lihua^{1, 2},
LYU Xin^{1, 2},
TU Jiefeng^{1, 2},
LUO Tuyan^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China
2.
Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality & Safety, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析福建省有机肥中养分和重金属含量，了解福建省有机肥的总体质量状况。方法于2019年7—9月期间，在福建南平、漳州、龙岩、三明和福州等5个地区收集有机肥样品50份，分析有机肥中养分和重金属含量特征，比较不同原料来源有机肥中养分和重金属含量差异。结果依据现行的NY 525—2012有机肥料标准，在采集的福建有机肥中，pH、有机质、氮磷钾总量和水分含量不符合率分别为8%、10%、28%和32%；重金属Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As均有检出，但不存在超标现象。不同原料来源的有机肥，生物有机肥中的全钾及氮磷钾总量显著高于其他原料配方形成的有机肥；除Hg外，其他重金属含量均以畜禽粪便为原料形成的有机肥较高，生物有机肥中的重金属含量最低；不同畜禽粪便为原料形成的有机肥，猪粪肥中的全氮、全磷及氮磷钾总量均显著高于鸡粪肥和羊粪肥；对重金属而言，Cr含量以猪粪肥最高，其次是鸡粪肥、羊粪肥；Pb、Cd、Hg、As含量以鸡粪肥最高，且鸡粪肥中的As含量显著高于以羊粪和猪粪为原料形成的有机肥。结论本研究所收集的福建省有机肥样品没有重金属超标现象，但养分含量不达标，水分含量超标比例较高，氮磷钾总量不足问题较突出，生产上需要特别注意氮磷钾养分的需求平衡。
- 有机肥 /
- 重金属 /
- 养分 /
- 原料 /
- 福建
Abstract: Objective A survey was conducted to determine the quality of the commercial organic fertilizers produced in Fujian. Method Fifty representative organic fertilizers were sampled in areas of Nanping, Zhangzhou, Longyan, Sanming, and Fuzhou during July to September 2019. Contents of nutrients and heavy metals of the specimens were determined. Result According to the national standards for organic fertilizers in China NY 525—2012, 8% of the samples failed to meet the standard on pH, 10% on organic matters, 28% on total NPK, and 32% on moisture content. Heavy metals, including Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As, were detected in all samples but did not exceed the safety limits. The organic fertilizers made of biomass were significantly higher on K and total nutrients (NPK) than other organic ingredients. Those of livestock manure-origins were higher on heavy metals, except Hg, than the others. The fertilizers made of pig manure were significantly higher in the contents of N, P and total nutrients than those made of chicken or sheep manure. Among the heavy metals, Cr was highest in the pig manure fertilizer, followed by the chicken and sheep manure fertilizers. And, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As were highest in the chicken manure fertilizer, which contained significantly more As than the sheep or pig counterparts. Conclusion Heavy metals in the sampled organic fertilizers produced in the province did not exceed the national standards. However, the nutrient contents tended to be substandard, and the moisture content too high. The deficiency on NPK of these products was particularly alarming that proper measures should be implemented for adequate fertilization applications.
- organic fertilizer /
- heavy metals /
- nutrients /
- raw materials /
- Fujian Province

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表 1 有机肥中养分含量统计特征值

Table 1. Nutrient contents in organic fertilizers

养分 Nutrient	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	限量要求 Limitation	不符合率 Non-qualified rate /%
pH	5.9～9.0	7.5	0.8	5.5～8.5	8
有机质 Organic matter/%	28～94	65	15	≥45	10
全氮 Total nitrogen/%	0.65～8.19	2.12	1.15	/	/
全磷 Total phosphorus/%	0.58～13.37	2.94	2.09	/	/
全钾 Total potassium/%	0.36～5.45	1.90	1.01	/	/
水分 Moisture/%	2.22～68.13	25.13	10.72	≤30	32
氮磷钾总量 Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content/%	2.25～19.54	6.95	3.40	≥5.0	28

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表 2 不同种类有机肥中养分含量统计特征值（干基）

Table 2. Nutrient contents in organic fertilizers made of different materials（on dry basis）

养分 Nutrient	项目 Item	有机肥种类 Source of organic fertilizers
养分 Nutrient	项目 Item	植物原料有机肥 Type of plant material	畜禽粪便有机肥 Type of animal manure	生物有机肥 Biological organic fertilizer	其他有机肥 Other organic fertilizer
pH	范围 Range	6.0～8.4	6.2～8.7	5.9～9.0	6.0～7.8
pH	平均值 Mean	7.5±0.8 a	7.6±0.7 a	7.4±1.2 a	7.1±0.6 a
有机质 Organic matter/%	范围 Range	53～94	28～92	35～78	40～86
有机质 Organic matter/%	平均值 Mean	69±14 a	64±17 a	66±11 a	62±17 a
全氮 Total nitrogen/%	范围 Range	1.13～3.13	0.65～3.08	0.71～3.56	0.85～8.19
全氮 Total nitrogen/%	平均值 Mean	1.97±0.72 a	1.91±0.72 a	2.50±0.79 a	2.41±2.34 a
全磷 Total phosphorus/%	范围 Range	1.32～4.07	0.58～10.81	1.78～13.37	0.68～7.33
全磷 Total phosphorus/%	平均值 Mean	2.40±0.98 a	2.99±2.47 a	3.56±3.27 a	2.61±2.21 a
全钾 Total potassium/%	范围 Range	0.68～3.34	0.36～3.14	2.27～5.45	0.36～2.65
全钾 Total potassium/%	平均值 Mean	2.05±0.99 ab	1.47±0.74 b	3.10±1.07 a	1.19±0.78 b
氮磷钾总量 Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content/%	范围 Range	3.70～8.85	2.25～16.42	6.99～19.54	2.61～12.71
氮磷钾总量 Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content/%	平均值 Mean	6.42±1.59 a	6.37±3.52 a	9.15±3.51 a	6.14±3.90 a
注：同行数据后不同小写字母表示各组样品间差异显著（P＜0.05）。表3、5、6同。 Notes: The different lowercase letters in a row indicate significant differences among treatments（P＜0.05）. The same as Table 3, 5, 6.

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表 3 不同畜禽粪便型有机肥中养分含量统计特征值（干基）

Table 3. Nutrient contents in organic fertilizers made of manure of different animal origins（on dry basis）

养分 Nutrient	项目 Item	畜禽粪便型有机肥种类 Source of livestock manure organic fertilizers
养分 Nutrient	项目 Item	猪粪肥 Pig fertilizer	鸡粪肥 Chicken fertilizer	羊粪肥 Sheep fertilizer
pH	范围 Range	6.2～8.4	6.5～8.7	7.3～8.7
pH	平均值 Mean	7.2±0.8 a	7.6±0.9 a	7.8±0.6 a
有机质 Organic matter/%	范围 Range	46～86	42～76	28～86
有机质 Organic matter/%	平均值 Mean	64±17 a	63±12 a	61±24 a
全氮 Total nitrogen/%	范围 Range	2.48～3.08	1.32～2.24	1.07～1.87
全氮 Total nitrogen/%	平均值 Mean	2.88±0.27 a	1.76±0.31 b	1.45±0.33 b
全磷 Total phosphorus/%	范围 Range	3.77～10.81	1.09～4.38	0.58～1.01
全磷 Total phosphorus/%	平均值 Mean	6.02±2.89 a	2.36±1.14 b	0.85±0.19 b
全钾 Total potassium/%	范围 Range	1.17～3.14	0.36～2.40	0.73～1.43
全钾 Total potassium/%	平均值 Mean	1.71±0.81 a	1.67±0.71 a	1.15±0.31 a
氮磷钾总量 Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content/%	范围 Range	8.24～16.42	3.28～8.00	3.13～3.85
氮磷钾总量 Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content/%	平均值 Mean	10.61±3.37 a	5.79±1.62 b	3.45±0.31 b

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表 4 有机肥中重金属含量统计特征值

Table 4. Heavy metal contents in organic fertilizers

元素 Elements	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	限量要求 Limitation	不符合率 Non-qualified rate /%
Pb/（mg·kg⁻¹）	1.9～42.7	13.1	8.2	≤50	0
Cd/（mg·kg⁻¹）	0.04～2.38	0.40	0.31	≤3	0
Cr/（mg·kg⁻¹）	3.0～99.1	20.0	15.6	≤150	0
Hg/（mg·kg⁻¹）	0.05～1.16	0.33	0.20	≤2	0
As/（mg·kg⁻¹）	0.46～9.06	2.32	1.53	≤15	0

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表 5 不同种类有机肥中重金属含量统计特征值（干基）

Table 5. Heavy metal contents in organic fertilizers made of different materials（on dry basis）

元素 Elements	项目 Item	有机肥种类 Source of organic fertilizers
元素 Elements	项目 Item	植物原料有机肥 Type of Plant material	畜禽粪便有机肥 Type of Animal manure	生物有机肥 Biological organic fertilizer	其他有机肥 Other organic fertilizer
Pb/（mg·kg⁻¹）	范围 Range	6.1～19.3	4.6～42.7	1.9～19.2	3.4～34.8
Pb/（mg·kg⁻¹）	平均值 Mean	12.8±4.7 a	14.7±9.4 a	8.6±6.9 a	15.3±9.3 a
Cd/（mg·kg⁻¹）	范围 Range	0.20～0.61	0.08～2.38	0.16～0.61	0.04～1.71
Cd/（mg·kg⁻¹）	平均值 Mean	0.41±0.14 a	0.50±0.45 a	0.28±0.13 a	0.48±0.43 a
Cr/（mg·kg⁻¹）	范围 Range	6.2～22.6	4.5～99.1	3.0～10.9	3.0～86.6
Cr/（mg·kg⁻¹）	平均值 Mean	13.8±5.7 ab	30.5±27.2 a	5.6±3.1 b	29.7±27.7 a
Hg/（mg·kg⁻¹）	范围 Range	0.101～0.477	0.054～0.825	0.199～0.528	0.075～1.164
Hg/（mg·kg⁻¹）	平均值 Mean	0.321±0.127 a	0.312±0.185 a	0.370±0.114 a	0.317±0.302 a
As/（mg·kg⁻¹）	范围 Range	1.51～3.94	0.46～5.58	0.69～5.06	0.77～9.06
As/（mg·kg⁻¹）	平均值 Mean	2.29±0.85 a	2.30±1.47 a	1.93±1.18 a	2.96±2.55 a

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表 6 不同畜禽粪便型有机肥中重金属含量统计特征值（干基）

Table 6. Heavy metal contents in organic fertilizers made of manure of different animal origins（on dry basis）

元素 Elements	项目 Item	畜禽粪便型有机肥种类 Source of livestock manure organic fertilizers
元素 Elements	项目 Item	猪粪肥 Pig fertilizer	鸡粪肥 Chicken fertilizer	羊粪肥 Sheep fertilizer
Pb/（mg·kg⁻¹）	范围 Range	4.6～16.8	12.0～19.5	5.2～14.5
Pb/（mg·kg⁻¹）	平均值 Mean	9.7±5.1 a	16.8±3.1 a	10.3±4.6 a
Cd/（mg·kg⁻¹）	范围 Range	0.10～0.44	0.23～0.63	0.08～0.53
Cd/（mg·kg⁻¹）	平均值 Mean	0.25±0.15 a	0.43±0.16 a	0.32±0.18 a
Cr/（mg·kg⁻¹）	范围 Range	4.5～71.8	6.0～64.2	5.1～16.7
Cr/（mg·kg⁻¹）	平均值 Mean	32.3±27.8 a	22.6±19.8 a	8.7±5.4 b
Hg/（mg·kg⁻¹）	范围 Range	0.054～0.342	0.265～0.825	0.082～0.543
Hg/（mg·kg⁻¹）	平均值 Mean	0.214±0.140 a	0.469±0.194 a	0.290±0.219 a
As/（mg·kg⁻¹）	范围 Range	0.95～1.22	2.03～3.08	0.46～1.88
As/（mg·kg⁻¹）	平均值 Mean	1.11±0.12 b	2.59±0.30 a	1.18±0.59 b

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