甘蔗花穗温水去雄技术研究

常海龙; 郭育强; 周峰; 方娜; 邱永生; 陈俊吕; 张伟; 秦元霞; 吴建涛; 张垂明; 刘壮; 王勤南

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.06.004

甘蔗花穗温水去雄技术研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.06.004

广州甘蔗糖业研究所海南甘蔗育种场/农业农村部广东甘蔗种质资源与利用科学观测实验站，海南　三亚　572025

基金项目: 广东省科学院建设国内一流研究机构行动专项资金项目（2020GDASYL-20200302005）；现代农业产业技术体系建设项目（CARS-170107）；国家自然科学基金项目（31701488）；广东省甘蔗剑麻产业技术体系创新团队专项（GARS-07-02）；广东省甘蔗种质资源库建设项目（2019B030316034）

详细信息

作者简介:
常海龙（1984−），男，农艺师，研究方向：甘蔗遗传育种（E-mail：hl2004@126.com）

通讯作者:
王勤南（1983−），男，副研究员，研究方向：甘蔗遗传育种（E-mail：wangqinnan66@163.com）

中图分类号: S 566.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-09
- 修回日期: 2020-05-02
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-10

Research on the Emasculation Technology by Hot Water about Sugarcane Tassels

Hainan Sugarcane Breeding Station of GSIRI/Ministry of Agriculture of Guangdong Sugarcane Germplasm Resources and Utilization of Scientific Observation Test Station, Sanya, Hainan　572025, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究不同温度、时间和品种对甘蔗花穗温水去雄效果的影响，探寻适宜的甘蔗杂交母本去雄方案，减少自交，提高甘蔗花穗杂交结实率。方法采用L₉（3⁴）正交表的设计方案进行三因素三水平的正交试验。以ROC22、科5和桂糖02-619等3个多花粉的甘蔗品种为试材，分别将其花穗在48、50 和52 ℃温水中浸泡3 、5 和7 min。每处理6株（每株1个花穗），其中：3株自交，3株异交（人工授予新鲜的外源花粉）。统计分析自交出苗数和异交出苗数。结果 ROC22、科5和桂糖02-619等3个品种均随水温增加、时间延长，其自交出苗数和异交出苗数都逐渐降低，假杂种比例呈现波动变化，50 ℃、3 min处理组合的假杂种比例最低（0.12）。方差分析结果表明，自交结实出苗数/异交结实出苗数（M值）可以作为温水去雄效果的评定标准，M值越高，去雄效果越好。温度和时间对M值均有显著影响，品种间差异不显著。结论甘蔗花穗去雄前先将小花穗枝条未展开和成熟（或即将成熟）的枝条剪去，置于 50 ℃温水中浸泡3 min后再进行杂交，可显著提高甘蔗有性杂交的育种效率。
- 甘蔗 /
- 花穗 /
- 正交试验 /
- 温水去雄 /
- 异交结实率
Abstract: Objective Orthogonal tests on temperature, time and varieties were conducted for the effects of emasculation technology by hot water in this study, which contributed to explore the suitable emasculation schemes of female parents, reduce self-fertilization ratio and improve the hybrid seed fertility of sugarcane tassels. Method The tassels of ROC22, Ke 5 and Guitang 02-619 with numerous pollen were treated at 48℃, 50℃ and 52℃ for 3 min, 5 min and 7 min according to the design scheme from L₉ (3⁴) orthogonal table. Among 6 tassels (one tassel per plant), 3 tassels were self-pollinated and the other 3 tassels were cross-pollinated (fresh exogenous pollen was granted artificially), the results of which were analyzed to calculate the emergence rate of self-pollinated and cross-pollinated hybrids. Result The emergence rate of ROC22, Ke 5 and Guitang 02-619 were gradually decreased with the increasing of temperature and time, and the ratio of pseudohybrids appeared to change with fluctuating. In addition, the pseudohybrids ratio was lowest (0.12) when cultivars were treated at 50℃ for 3 min. The variance analysis results showed that emergence number of self-pollinated seeds/emergence number of outcrossed seeds (M value) can be used to identify the effects of emasculation technology by hot water, the effect of emasculation technology by hot water was more significant when M value was higher. The temperature and time influenced on M value significantly, but different varieties had no difference. Conclusion The emasculation effect of sugarcane tassels being treated at 50℃ for 3min was better when the unspread branches and mature or being mature branches were removed before tassel emasculation, which significantly increased the seed setting percentage of hybridization.
- Sugarcane /
- tassels /
- Orthogonal tests /
- Emasculation technology by hot water /
- Outcrossing rate

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表 1 正交试验各因素与水平设计

Table 1. The factors and levels in orthogonal tests

水平 Level	因素 Factors
水平 Level	温度 Temperature/℃	时间 Time/min	品种 Variety
1	48	3	ROC22
2	50	5	科5 Ke 5
3	52	7	桂糖02-619 Guitang02-619

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表 2 不同处理甘蔗花穗的各项性能指标

Table 2. The performance index of sugarcane tassels in various treatments

试验组合 Test combination	因素 factors			自交出苗数 The number of selfing seed germination/株	异交出苗数 The number of outcrossing seed germination /株	假杂种比例 False hybrids ratio	M值 M value
试验组合 Test combination	A 温度 Temperature/℃	B 时间 Time/min	C 品种 Variety	自交出苗数 The number of selfing seed germination/株	异交出苗数 The number of outcrossing seed germination /株	假杂种比例 False hybrids ratio	M值 M value
A₁B₁C₁	48	3	ROC22	73.00	248.67	0.29	3.41
A₁B₂C₂	48	5	科5 Ke 5	56.00	167.33	0.33	2.99
A₁B₃C₃	48	7	桂糖02-619 Guitang 02-619	33.00	67.67	0.49	2.05
A₂B₁C₁	50	3	科5 Ke 5	21.00	173.33	0.12	8.25
A₂B₂C₂	50	5	桂糖02-619 Guitang 02-619	14.00	87.33	0.16	6.24
A₂B₃C₃	50	7	ROC22	4.00	18.00	0.22	4.50
A₃B₁C₁	52	3	桂糖02-619 Guitang 02-619	5.67	22.00	0.26	3.88
A₃B₂C₂	52	5	ROC22	2.67	5.67	0.47	2.13
A₃B₃C₃	52	7	科5 Ke 5	2.00	2.33	0.86	1.17

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表 3 不同处理的方差分析结果

Table 3. Variance analysis in various treatments

项目 Project	因素 Factor	自由度 df	标准差 SD	F值 F-value	P值 P-value
自交出苗数 The number of selfing seed germination/株	温度 Temperature	2	2 163.953	23.317	0.041
	时间 Time	2	307.973	3.318	0.232
	品种 Variety	2	79.040	0.852	0.540
	误差 Error	2	92.807
异交出苗数 The number of outcrossing seed germination/株	温度 Temperature	2	17 204.298	11.423	0.080
	时间 Time	2	10 564.905	7.015	0.125
	品种 Variety	2	2 312.990	1.536	0.394
	误差 Error	2	1 506.122
假杂种比例 false hybrids ratio	温度 Temperature	2	0.099	4.765	0.173
	时间 Time	2	0.070	3.369	0.229
	品种 Variety	2	0.015	0.729	0.579
	误差 Error	2	0.021
M值 M value	温度 Temperature	2	14.010	62.760	0.016
	时间 Time	2	5.104	22.865	0.042
	品种 Variety	2	0.567	2.541	0.282
	误差 Error	2	0.223
注：P＜0.05或P＜0.01表示差异达显著或极显著水平。 Note: Different datas represented extremely significant difference（P＜0.01）and significant difference（P＜0.05）

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表 4 不同甘蔗品种花穗经50 ℃温水处理3 min后去雄效果比较

Table 4. Comparison of emasculation technology in different sugarcane tassels that were treated by 50 ℃ water for 3 min

品种 Variety	自交出苗数 the number of selfing seed germination/株	异交出苗数 the number of outcrossing seed germination/株	假杂种比例 false hybrids ratio	M值 M value
ROC22	18.67±10.02 a	222.00±43.21 a	0.09±0.05 a	13.92±5.94 a
科5 Ke 5	22.00±6.00 a	216.33±52.70 a	0.11±0.04 a	10.74±5.60 a
桂糖02-619 Guitang02-619	15.33±4.04 a	200.33±43.52 a	0.08±0.02 a	13.33±2.40 a
注：同列数值后的英文小写字母表示LSD检验0.05水准的差异显著性，无相同字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Note: Lowercase letters in the same column indicates the significance of difference in LSD tests, without same letters in the same column indicates significant difference（P＜0.05）.

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