茶园套种对灵芝生长和品质的影响

林忠宁; 陆烝; 林怡; 李艳春; 刘明香

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.05.010

茶园套种对灵芝生长和品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.05.010

林忠宁^{1, 2,},
陆烝¹,
林怡¹,
李艳春¹,
刘明香^1, ,

1.
福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所，福建　福州　350013
2.
福建红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室，福建　福州　350013

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2017R1016-1）

详细信息

作者简介:
林忠宁（1972−），男，副研究员，研究方向：农业资源和药用植物开发利用研究（E-mail：lzhongning@126.com）

通讯作者:
刘明香（1963−），男，副研究员，研究方向：农业生态和农业循环技术（E-mail：lmx636589002@163.com）

中图分类号: S 567.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-16
- 修回日期: 2020-03-02
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-01

Growth and Quality of Ganoderma lucidum at Tea Plantations under Relay Cropping

LIN Zhongning^{1, 2
,},
LU Zheng¹,
LIN Yi¹,
LI Yanchun¹,
LIU Mingxiang^{1
, ,}

1.
Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
Fujian Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Red Soil Hilly Region, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨茶园套种对灵芝生长和品质的影响，为茶园套种灵芝的生产模式应用提供科学依据。方法采用竖栽覆土和横栽覆土2种茶园套种灵芝仿野生栽培方式，分析比较2种茶园套种方式与常规室外荫棚覆土栽培方式之间灵芝的生长性能、商品性状及其品质的差异。结果茶园套种模式下，灵芝可以正常出芝并生长发育成熟，其商品性状正常，但生长性能和商品性状均不如室外荫棚覆土栽培。与室外荫棚覆土栽培相比，竖栽覆土和横栽覆土2种茶园套种下的灵芝菌棒下地后生长时间分别慢25 、18 d，出芝率分别显著降低12.8%和14.5%（P＜0.05），生物转化率分别降低10.48%和4.49%（P＞0.05）。茶园套种时灵芝的多糖、总三萜和氨基酸等含量与室外荫棚覆土栽培均无显著性差异；竖栽覆土和横栽覆土的灵芝多糖含量为1.09%和1.08%，比荫棚覆土栽培的灵芝高9.90%和9.29%，总三萜含量为1.19%和1.21%，比荫棚覆土栽培的灵芝高11.48%和13.55%。结论茶园生态环境条件下灵芝可以正常生长，茶园套种可提高灵芝的品质，但对生长性能和商品性状有一定的不利影响。
- 茶园 /
- 灵芝 /
- 套种 /
- 生长 /
- 品质
Abstract: Objective Growth and quality of Ganoderma lucidum cultivated at fields under varied relay cropping methods were evaluated for the planting practice at tea plantations. Method Under the vertical and horizontal cultivation modes of relay cropping, G. lucidum were grown to compare with the conventional greenhouse cultivation. The growth, commercial properties, and quality of the fungi were compared. Result Under the relay cropping, G. lucidum grew to maturity, released spores, and gave commercial appearance similarly to the greenhouse cultivation. However, compared to the conventional planting, the vertical relay cropping method required 25 d longer to reach maturation with a significantly reduced germination rate by 12.8% and the biotransformation rate by 10.48%; while the horizontal method caused a 18 d delay in maturation with significantly declined rates of germination by 14.5% and biotransformation by 4.49%. On the other hand, the contents of polysaccharides, total triterpenes, and amino acids in G. lucidum were with no significant difference with the greenhouse cultivation. The polysaccharide content of the vertical relay cropped G. lucidum was 1.09%, which was a 9.90% higher than that of control; and, that of the horizontal relay cropped G. lucidum was 1.08%, which was a 9.29% higher. The vertical relay cropping produced 1.19% triterpenes in the fruiting body, which was an increase of 11.48% over control; while the horizontal cultivation delivered 1.21% with an increase of 13.55% over control. Conclusion Although relay cropping G. lucidum with tea bushes in a plantation hindered the growth of the fungi with somewhat reduced commercial appeal, it improved the quality of the fungal product.
- tea plantation /
- Ganoderma lucidum /
- relay cropping /
- growth /
- quality

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表 1 灵芝生长性能比较

Table 1. Growth performance of G. lucidum

处理 Treatments	出芝时间 Germination time/d	成熟时间 Mature time/d	生长时间 Growth time/d	出芝率 Germination rate/%	生物转化率 Biotransformation rate/%
竖栽覆土 Vertical intercroping	20±2.0 b	70±2.6 b	90±4.6 b	85.2±1.2 b	5.98±1.53 a
横栽覆土 Horizontal intercropping	18±1.7 ab	65±2.0 b	83±3.6 b	83.5±1.0 b	6.28±1.18 a
荫棚覆土 Shade-frame cultivating	15±1.0 a	50±2.0 a	65±3.0 a	98.0±1.0 a	6.68±1.29 a
注：表中同列数据后不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著（P＜0.05），表2同。 Note: Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P＜0.05). The same for Table 2.

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表 2 灵芝子实体的商品性状及质量比较

Table 2. Commercial properties and quality of fruitbodies from G. lucidum cultivated under different planting methods

处理 Treatments	菌盖长度 Pileus length/cm	菌盖宽度 Pileus width/cm	菌盖厚度 Pileus thickness/cm	菌柄长度 Stipe length/cm	多糖含量 Polysaccharide contents/%	总三萜含量 Total triterpenes contents/%	子实体形状 Fruit body shape	商品性状评价 Commodity traits evaluation
竖栽覆土 Vertical intercroping	9.56±2.83 b	7.20±1.33 b	1.39±0.21 a	4.78±1.56 b	1.09±0.10 a	1.18±0.10 a	肾圆形，较厚，菌柄较短	正常
横栽覆土 Horizontal intercropping	10.83±2.36 b	8.02±1.32 b	1.42±0.28 a	5.13±2.13 b	1.08±0.06 a	1.21±0.08 a	肾圆形，较厚，菌柄较短	正常
荫棚覆土 Shade-frame cultivating	13.65±3.06 a	10.41±1.51 a	1.50±0.13 a	7.32±1.83 a	0.99±0.01 a	1.00±0.06 a	肾圆形，较厚，菌柄较长	正常

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表 3 灵芝的氨基酸含量比较

Table 3. Amino acid content of G. lucidum fruitbodies [单位：（g·hg⁻¹ DW）]

氨基酸种类 Types of amino acids	竖栽覆土 Vertical intercropping	横栽覆土 Horizontal intercropping	荫棚覆土 Shade-frame cultivation
亮氨酸 Leu	0.52±0.04 a	0.50±0.07 a	0.47±0.02 a
异亮氨酸 Ile	0.49±0.05 a	0.52±0.06 a	0.46±0.09 a
赖氨酸 Lys	0.31±0.06 a	0.28±0.09 a	0.31±0.03 a
甲硫（蛋）氨酸 Met	0.05±0.01 a	0.03±0.01 a	0.03±0.01 a
苯丙氨酸 Phe	0.35±0.03 a	0.31±0.08 a	0.30±0.05 a
苏氨酸 Thr	0.48±0.12 a	0.43±0.08 a	0.41±0.12 a
缬（草）氨酸 Val	0.42±0.09 ab	0.49±0.10 a	0.37±0.06 b
色氨酸 Trp	0.06±0.01 a	0.05±0.02 a	0.05±0.01 a
胱氨酸 Cys	0.08±0.04 a	0.06±0.03 a	0.05±0.02 a
酪氨酸 Tyr	0.19±0.06 a	0.15±0.03 a	0.15±0.04 a
谷氨酸 Glu	0.66±0.15 a	0.69±0.29 a	0.70±0.22 a
甘氨酸 Gly	0.40±0.10 a	0.36±0.12 a	0.36±0.09 a
丙氨酸 Ala	0.42±0.04 a	0.44±0.08 a	0.38±0.15 a
天门冬氨酸 Asp	0.76±0.13 a	0.73±0.20 a	0.66±0.19 a
丝氨酸 Ser	0.39±0.07 a	0.37±0.06 a	0.34±0.06 a
组氨酸 His	0.15±0.05 a	0.13±0.04 a	0.13±0.05 a
精氨酸 Arg	0.22±0.05 a	0.27±0.14 a	0.21±0.08 a
脯氨酸 Pro	0.29±0.07 a	0.33±0.09 a	0.27±0.04 a
总氨基酸含量 TAA	6.24±0.38 a	6.15±0.58 a	5.66±0.35 a
非必需氨基酸含量 NEAA	3.56±0.30 a	3.53±0.45 a	3.26±0.19 a
必需氨基酸含量 EAA	2.68±0.36 a	2.62±0.52 a	2.40±0.41 a
EAA/TAA	0.429 5	0.426 0	0.424 0
EAA/NEAA	0.752 8	0.742 2	0.736 1
注：表中同行数据后不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Note: Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments（P＜0.05）.

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