主枝选留对高纺锤形苹果产量及品质的影响

王红宁; 孙俊宝; 牛自勉; 张生智; 吴晓璇

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.05.008

主枝选留对高纺锤形苹果产量及品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.05.008

1.
山西省农业科学院果树研究所，山西　太原　030000
2.
山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心，山西　太原　030000

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0201118）；中央引导地方科技发展专项资金（2017GA630003）；山西省农业科学院特色农业技术攻关项目（YGG17030）

详细信息

作者简介:
王红宁（1986−），女，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事果树生理及栽培技术研究（E-mail：wanghongning126@126.com）

通讯作者:
孙俊宝（1964−），男，副研究员，主要从事果树优质栽培研究工作（E-mail：sxgssyzzp@163.com）

中图分类号: S 661.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-01-02
- 修回日期: 2020-03-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-01

Effects of Limb Retention on Apple Trees Pruned to Tall-spindle Shape on Fruit Yield and Quality

1.
Pomology Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi　030000, China
2.
Research Center of Modern Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi　030000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的确定苹果高纺锤形树形构建中特定阶段的最佳树相参数，为果园科学修剪提供理论依据。方法以5～7 年生矮化高纺锤形苹果树为试材，研究不同主枝数量对树体产量及果实品质的影响。结果试验所涉区间内，苹果的株产随主枝数的增加呈先增后降的趋势，在主枝数为25个时产量达最高值。苹果的单果重随着主枝数量的增加而降低，在主枝数23～24个时，其单果重最高。果肉中可溶性固形物（TSS）和果皮中花色苷含量均随主枝数的增加而降低，均在主枝数23～25个时，其TSS和花色苷含量达最高。相关分析表明，苹果的株产、单果重、TSS和花色苷含量均与主枝数显著负相关（r=－0.721～－0.964）。结论综合各指标，主枝数为24.29个时，5～7 年生高纺锤形苹果的平均株产、单果重、果肉TSS及果皮花色苷含量四指标均可达相对较高水平。
- 苹果 /
- 主枝数 /
- 产量 /
- 品质
Abstract: Objective The optimum amount of limbs to be retained on an apple tree pruned to a tall-spindle shape that would result in high-yield of quality fruits was investigated. Method Effects of the amount of saved limbs after pruning on fruit yield and quality of 5–7 years old dwarf apple trees were determined. Result The average fruit yield per apply plant increased, and then declined, with increasing number of limbs retained, within a range, after the pruning. The yield peaked when 25 main branches were saved, while the individual fruit weight maximized when 23–24 limbs remained on a plant. The greatest total soluble solids (TSS) and anthocyanin contents in the apples were found on the trees with 23–25 limbs retained and decreased as the number of the limbs increased. The correlations between the limb retention and those indicators were significant with coefficients ranging between −0.721 and −0.964. Conclusion Taking the yield per plant as well as the individual fruit weight, TSS, and total anthocyanin of apples into consideration, a 5–7 years old dwarf tree could be pruned onto a tall-spindle shape with 24.29 limbs remaining to achieve maximized results.
- Malus pumila. /
- limbs amounts /
- apple yield /
- fruit quality

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图 1 主枝数量对苹果产量及品质的影响

注：大写字母表示差异达极显著水平（P＜0.01），小写字母表示差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）。

Figure 1. Effects of limb retention in pruning on fruit yield and quality of apple plants

Note：values in the bar charts followed by capital mean significant difference at P＜0.01 levels，small letters mean P＜0.05.

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表 1 高纺锤形苹果不同主枝数与其单株产量、单果重、果肉TSS及果皮花色苷含量间的相关关系

Table 1. Correlations between limb amount and fruit yield, individual fruit weight, TSS, and total anthocyanin of pruned apple trees

指标 Character	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	r
株产/主枝数 Averaged yield per plant/Limbs amounts	y=−0.231x²+11.65x−117.07	0.864 4	−0.721^**
单果重/主枝数 Single fruit weight/Limbs amounts	y=−0.967 3x²+42.473x−168	0.977 5	−0.964^**
TSS/主枝数 TSS/Limbs amounts	y=−0.004 6x²+0.141 4x+15.301	0.967 6	−0.958^**
花色苷/主枝数 Total anthocyanin content/Limbs amounts	y=−1.359 5x²+57.924x−379.97	0.908 9	−0.936^**
注：R²：决定系数，r：相关系数，P＜0.05，P＜0.01。 Note：R²: determination coefficient；r: correlation coefficient. correlation is significant at the 0.05 level，** correlation is significant at the 0.01 level.

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表 2 苹果单株产量、单果重、果实中TSS含量及果皮中花色苷4指标加权值与主枝数量间的曲线估计

Table 2. Estimated weighed averages on fruit yield, individual fruit weight, TSS, and total anthocyanin of apple trees pruned to retain varied amounts of limbs

曲线估计 Curve estimation	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	r
线性 Linear	y=−0.708 7 x+116.61	0.858 1	−0.926
对数 Logarithmic	y=−18.423 Ln（x）+158.14	0.834 3	−0.926
指数 Exponential	y=118.61 e^{−0.007 3 x}	0.857 7	−0.913
乘幂 Power	y=181.66 x^{−0.189 1}	0.833 7	−0.913
二项式 Quadratic	y=−0.121 x²+5.703 4 x+32.284	0.958 2	−0.927
三项式 Cubic	y=0.032 2 x³−2.681 8 x²+73.268 x−559.27	0.983 2	−0.992

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表 3 苹果主枝数量的最优参数

Table 3. Limb amounts on a pruned apple tree for optimum results

树相参数 Parameter of tree	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	r	区间 Interval	最优参数 Optimum amount of limbs
主枝数量 Limbs amounts	y=0.032 2 x³−2.681 8 x²+73.268 x−559.27	0.983 2	−0.992	[23, 30]	24.29

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