广西引进甘蔗品种（系）的比较筛选与综合评价

欧克纬; 卢业飞; 李佳慧; 朱鹏锦; 周全光; 吕平; 程琴; 张宇; 庞新华

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.04.008

广西引进甘蔗品种（系）的比较筛选与综合评价

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.04.008

广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所，广西　南宁　530001

基金项目: 广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目（桂科攻1598006-1-1B）；广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目（桂科AA17202042-5）；广西自然科学基金项目（2017GXNSFBA198054）；广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目（桂农科2020YM137）

详细信息

作者简介:
欧克纬（1986−），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：作物遗传育种及栽培研究（E-mail：707008920@qq.com）

通讯作者:
庞新华（1968−），男，硕士，正高级实验师，研究方向：热带亚热带作物栽培与育种研究（E-mail：gxpxh@126.com）

中图分类号: S 566.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-18
- 修回日期: 2020-01-29
- 刊出日期: 2020-04-01

Screening and Evaluation of Sugarcane Cultivars for Germplasm Collection in Guangxi

Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi　530001, China

摘要

摘要: 目的引进和筛选高产、高糖、抗逆性强的甘蔗优良新品种，为广西甘蔗产业基地建设提供后备品种，促进广西糖业的可持续发展。方法 2016年3月至2018年1月在广西农垦国有新兴农场甘蔗基地进行大田1年新植1年宿根的品比试验，以10个甘蔗品种（系）为材料，比较各品种（系）的农艺性状等。结果凉蔗系列（包括桂热系列）的新植及宿根蔗均在产量和产糖量方面表现出优势，其中：新植蔗LZ02-186、LZ07-53、GR2和LZ03-81的产糖量均高于CK（ROC22），GR2宿根蔗在产量和产糖量方面也表现出了较大优势，产糖量达16.32 t·hm^-2，超过CK 57.68%，LZ02-186和LZ03-81宿根蔗产糖量也较CK高。结论 GR2的宿根性及抗性等综合性状好，具有一定的推广价值，可作为下一步重点示范的新品系；LZ02-186、LZ03-81虽然糖分略低，但其在有效茎数、蔗茎产量方面都存在较大优势，抗性也较好，建议作为优良的种质资源备用。
- 甘蔗 /
- 区域试验 /
- 农艺性状
Abstract: Objective Sugarcane cultivars exhibiting the characteristics of high-yield, sugar content and stress-resistance from various sources were screened for a germplasm collection in preparation for a 3 000 hm² experimental station on the development of a sustainable sugar industry in Guangxi. Method The agronomic traits of 10 sugarcane varieties were compared in a one-year-new-planting followed by another year of ratooning on Xinxing Farm in Liuzhou, Guangxi from March 2016 till January 2018. Result During the two planting years, the LZ (including GR) series showed superior performances on yield and sugar content. Under the one-year-new-planting, the cultivars LZ02-186, LZ07-53, GR2, and LZ03-81 produced more sugar per plant than CK (ROC22). In the ratoon year, GR2 delivered significantly higher yield and sugar. The sugar yield was 16.32 t·hm⁻², which was 57.7% higher than that of CK, while those of LZ02-186 and LZ03-81 were higher than CK as well. Conclusion Cultivar GR2 demonstrated desirable ratooning and resistance characteristics with high yield and sugar content and was a prime candidate for further investigation. Nonetheless, LZ02-186 and LZ03-81 that exhibited excellent traits on the number of productive stalks, cane yield, and stress-resistance were also recommended to be included in the germplasm collection.
- Sugarcane /
- regional experimentation /
- agronomic traits

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图 1 各甘蔗品种（系）的抗寒能力表现

Figure 1. Cold-tolerance of sugarcane varieties（lines）

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图 2 各甘蔗品种（系）的耐旱能力表现

Figure 2. Drought-resistance of sugarcane varieties（lines）

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表 1 不同品种（系）甘蔗抗病害能力

Table 1. Disease-resistance of selected sugarcane varieties （lines） under study

品种（系） Varieties（Lines）	枯心苗率 Rate of dead heart／%	黑穗病率 Rate of smut／%	梢腐病 Rate of tip rot／%	花叶病 Mosaic disease	蓟马危害情况 The situation of thrips harm
GR2	0.86	0.00	0.41	中抗 Middle resistance	轻微 Slight
GL05-136	0.00	0.61	0.48	高抗 High resistance	轻微 Slight
ROC22	0.16	2.46	2.82	中抗 Middle resistance	较重 Heavier
LZ03-81	0.06	0.62	0.50	中抗 Middle resistance	轻微 Slight
LZ03-23	0.37	0.86	1.53	中抗 Middle resistance	轻微 Slight
FN41	0.25	1.88	3.49	中抗 Middle resistance	重 Heavy
H	0.33	0.81	0.68	中抗 Middle resistance	较重 Heavier
GT42	0.27	1.32	1.55	高抗 High resistance	轻微 Slight
GR1	0.09	1.19	0.73	中抗 Middle resistance	轻微 Slight
LZ02-186	0.42	0.10	0.40	高抗 High resistance	轻微 Slight

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表 2 不同品种（系）新植蔗主要农艺性状

Table 2. Major agronomic traits of sugarcane varieties（lines）for one-year-new-planting

品种（系） Varieties（Lines）	出苗率 Emergence rate /%	分蘖率 Tillering rate /%	株高 Plant height /cm	茎径 Stem diameter /cm	有效茎 Productive stalk/（plant•hm⁻²）
LZ02-186	54.82±10.4 a	75.60±13.50 ab	307.0±2.08 a	2.64±0.03 bc	83 173 bc
LZ03-23	52.30±8.94 a	49.94±9.1 bc	303.3±2.60 a	2.56±0.01 cd	74 763 cd
LZ07-53	55.63±10.34 a	99.22±6.52 a	302.7±7.88 a	2.43±0.05 d	94 763 a
GT42	45.07±14.94 a	47.82±9.91 bc	299.3±0.89 ab	2.87±0.06 a	57 696 ef
GR2	49.85±12.13 a	55.48±16.19 bc	295.7±5.90 abc	2.65±0.04 bc	77 381 c
ROC22	24.34±12.26 a	33.51±7.50 c	290.0±1.15 bc	2.77±0.11 ab	48 645 fg
GL05-136	21.24±11.35 a	54.12±14.00 bc	287.0±2.08 cd	2.88±0.09 a	43 733 g
LZ03-81	51.13±8.79 a	96.39±6.45 a	287.0±2.65 cd	2.55±0.03 cd	92 464 ab
GR1	40.41±11.28 a	69.50±9.95 ab	285.7±2.85 cd	2.68±0.05 bc	73 728 cd
FN41	48.10±9.94 a	68.06±5.83 abc	276.0±2.89 d	2.82±0.04 ab	64 842 de
注：同列数据后不同小写英文字母表示差异达5%的显著水平。表3~5同。 Note：Data with different small lowercase letters indicate significances at 5% levels.The same as table 3~5.

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表 3 各品种（系）新植蔗的产量性状

Table 3. Yield traits of sugarcane varieties（lines）for one-year-new-planting

品种（系） Varieties（Lines）	蔗茎产量 Cane yield/（t•hm⁻²）	蔗糖分 Sucrose content/%				产糖量 Sugar yield/（t•hm⁻²）
品种（系） Varieties（Lines）	蔗茎产量 Cane yield/（t•hm⁻²）	11月 11 Month	12月 21 Month	1月 1 Month	平均 Average	产糖量 Sugar yield/（t•hm⁻²）
LZ02-186	103.36±2.89 a	10.6	10.2	11.8	10.87±0.48 bcd	13.99±0.41 a
LZ03-23	82.72±1.65 cd	10.2	9.7	11.8	10.57±0.63 bcd	11.11±0.44 c
LZ07-53	102.62±2.55 a	8.9	9.1	11.2	9.73±0.74 cd	13.58±0.65 ab
GT42	72.35±2.43 de	12.5	11.7	14.7	12.97±0.90 ab	11.62±0.39 c
GR2	88.51±3.47 bc	11.1	10.8	12.5	11.47±0.52 abcd	12.20±0.51 bc
ROC22	61.53±3.99 ef	11.6	10.6	13.2	11.80±0.76 abc	8.58±0.77 d
GL05-136	57.17±5.95 f	12.3	12	13.8	12.70±0.56 ab	8.58±0.70 d
LZ03-81	98.06±1.16 ab	8.3	9.1	10.5	9.30±0.64 d	11.56±0.37 c
GR1	79.52±3.55 cd	8.6	11	12.1	10.57±1.03 bcd	10.45±0.47 c
FN41	65.95±4.80 ef	12.8	12.3	15.5	13.53±0.99 a	10.92±0.52 c

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表 4 不同品种（系）宿根蔗主要农艺性状

Table 4. Major agronomic traits of sugarcane varieties（lines）for one-year-ratooning

品种（系） Varieties（Lines）	发株率 Tillering rate/%	株高 Plant height/cm	茎径 Stem diameter/cm	有效茎 Productive stalk/（plant·hm⁻²）
LZ02-186	56.21±4.63 ab	360.7±20.57 a	2.61±0.11 b	67 701 ab
LZ03-23	55.62±3.07 ab	347.3±15.34 a	2.58±0.07 b	60 795 abc
LZ07-53	56.82±1.45 ab	325.3±9.06 ab	2.67±0.05 ab	67 381 ab
GT42	40.48±3.39 cd	328.3±13.42 ab	2.60±0.04 b	46 272 cd
GR2	58.41±4.24 ab	355.7±8.09 a	2.66±0.02 ab	66 427 ab
ROC22	33.31±3.14 d	344.7±9.82 ab	2.64±0.07 ab	39 365 d
GL05-136	41.77±2.05 cd	345.0±6.35 ab	2.82±0.04 a	42 939 d
LZ03-81	62.00±3.61 a	323.7±14.40 ab	2.53±0.04 b	72 464 a
GR1	50.29±3.22 bc	333.7±8.17 ab	2.57±0.05 b	61 349 abc
FN41	44.45±2.52 c	305.3±4.67 b	2.53±0.07 b	49 371 bcd

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表 5 各品种（系）宿根蔗的产量性状

Table 5. Yield traits of sugarcane varieties（lines）for one-year-ratooning

品种（系） Varieties（Lines）	蔗茎产量 Cane yield/（t·hm⁻²）	蔗糖分 Sucrose content/%				产糖量 Sugar yield/（t·hm⁻²）
品种（系） Varieties（Lines）	蔗茎产量 Cane yield/（t·hm⁻²）	11月 11 Month	12月 21 Month	1月 1 Month	平均 Average	产糖量 Sugar yield/（t·hm⁻²）
LZ02-186	106.93±13.73 ab	10.1	11.0	12.4	11.17±0.67 bcd	12.45±1.26 b
LZ03-23	96.02±9.61 bc	10.5	11.3	12.3	11.37±0.52 bcd	11.58±1.36 b
LZ07-53	101.75±12.96 abc	8.3	8.9	9.6	8.93±0.38 d	9.87±1.19 b
GT42	78.13±3.19 cd	12.2	12.8	13.1	12.70±0.26 ab	10.72±0.33 b
GR2	126.05±6.19 a	10.8	11.8	13.4	12.00±0.76 abc	16.32±0.99 a
ROC22	80.96±4.01 bcd	11.3	12.3	13.1	12.23±0.52 abc	10.35±0.47 b
GL05-136	81.12±6.40 bcd	11.9	12.8	14.6	13.10±0.79 ab	11.61±2.18 b
LZ03-81	107.21±2.68 ab	7.7	10.6	11.6	9.97±1.17 cd	12.00±1.20 b
GR1	95.28±5.02 bc	8.1	11.5	12.4	10.67±1.31 bcd	11.28±0.55 b
FN41	67.20±9.74 d	13.1	14.4	15.1	14.20±0.59 a	9.63±1.73 b

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