不同施氮水平对核桃砧木苗形态特征及生理特性的影响

宋岩; 张锐; 鱼尚奇; 刘春花; 高山; 王雨; 罗立新; 张建良

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.03.010

不同施氮水平对核桃砧木苗形态特征及生理特性的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.03.010

宋岩^{1, 2, 3,},
张锐^{1, 2, 3, ,},
鱼尚奇^{1, 4},
刘春花^{1, 2, 3},
高山²,
王雨^{2, 3},
罗立新⁵,
张建良⁵

1.
新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室新疆　阿拉尔　843300
2.
塔里木大学植物科学学院新疆　阿拉尔　843300
3.
南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室新疆　阿拉尔　843300
4.
塔里木大学生命科学学院新疆　阿拉尔　843300
5.
新疆生产建设兵团第一师三团林业站新疆　阿拉尔　843300

基金项目: 兵团师域（区域）发展创新支持计划项目（2017DB001）；第一师阿拉尔市科研课题计划项目（2017YY20）；研究生科研创新项目（TDGRI201820）

详细信息

作者简介:
宋岩（1993−），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：果树遗传育种（E-mail: cliff_sy@163.com）

通讯作者:
张锐（1979−），教授，博士生导师，研究方向：果树遗传育种（E-mail: zhrgsh@163.com）

中图分类号: S 664.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-24
- 修回日期: 2020-01-05
- 刊出日期: 2020-03-01

Morphology and Physiology of Walnut Stock Seedlings as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilizations

SONG Yan^{1, 2, 3
,},
ZHANG Rui^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
YU Shang-qi^{1, 4},
LIU Chun-hua^{1, 2, 3},
GAO Shan²,
WANG Yu^{2, 3},
LUO Li-xin⁵,
ZHANG Jian-liang⁵

1.
Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basi¹, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, Xinjiang　843300, China
2.
College of Plant Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang　843300, China
3.
National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South, Alar, Xinjiang　843300, China
4.
College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang　843300, China
5.
First Division of the Third Group Forestry Station, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, Xinjiang　843300, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究不同氮水平对2个种源地的核桃砧木苗形态特征、生理特性的影响，为新疆核桃砧木苗在栽培过程中的标准化施肥提供理论基础。方法对阿克苏种源地及和田种源地的核桃砧木苗进行不同水平的氮素诱导，测定核桃砧木苗地上部及地下部形态特征、生物量、光合特征及叶片可溶性糖含量。结果相同氮素水平处理下的不同种源地核桃砧木苗部分指标存在差异且各指标随氮梯度递增表现出先扬后抑的趋势。当施肥量达到10−15 g·a⁻¹·株⁻¹时，株高、根系总体积达到最高值，株高：95.27 、72.07 cm，根系体积：1 249.75 、928.01 cm³；净光合速率随着氮水平的增高而增高，施肥量达到10 g·a⁻¹·株⁻¹时出现最大值12.725 1、12.357 3 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹，之后随氮水平的递增，净光合速率逐渐下降。综合评价得出施氮量在10−15 g·a⁻¹·株⁻¹的2个种源地的核桃砧木苗形态特征及生理特性均表现出最优性状。结论核桃砧木苗的标准化施氮范围为10−15 g·a⁻¹·株⁻¹，且在标准化施肥范围内，阿克苏种源地核桃砧木苗对氮素的利用能力强于和田种源地的核桃砧木苗。
- 氮水平 /
- 核桃砧木 /
- 种源地 /
- 形态特征 /
- 光合作用
Abstract: Objective Varied N levels for fertilization were applied to determine the effects on the morphological and physiological characteristics of the Juglans regia L. rootstock seedlings from two provenances in Xinjiang. Methods Juglans regia L. rootstock seedlings from provenances at Aksu and Hotan were treated with varied levels of N fertilizer, and the morphology, biomass, photosynthetic characteristics, and soluble sugar content in leaves of the seedlings determined. Results The various evaluation indicators tended to increase initially and followed by a decline upon increasing N but responded differently between the seedling specimens from the two localities. Under 10−15 g·a⁻¹·plant⁻¹ application rates, the plant height peaked at 95.27 cm and 72.07 cm, while the total root volume at 1 249.75 cm³ and 928.01 cm³, respectively, for the Juglans regia L. plants from the two sources. The net photosynthetic rates for them increased with N to arrive at a maximum of 12.725 1 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ and 12.357 3 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹, respectively, under the 10 g·a⁻¹·plant⁻¹ fertilization. Further increases on N caused a gradual decline on the net photosynthetic rate. According to the comprehensive evaluation, the morphological characteristics and physiological characteristics of Juglans regia L. rootstock seedlings in the two provenances with nitrogen application at 10−15 g·a⁻¹·plant⁻¹ showed the optimal characters. Conclusion Over all, the Juglans regia L. rootstock seedlings from the two provenances performed well morphologically and physiologically under the applications of 10−15 g·a⁻¹·plant⁻¹. In that range, Aksu walnut exhibited a greater N utilization ability than its counterpart.
- nitrogen level /
- rootstock seedling /
- provenance /
- morphology /
- photosynthesis

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图 1 阿克苏种源地核桃砧木苗根系形态对氮水平的响应

Figure 1. Morphology of Aksu walnut rootstocks in response to varied N level

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图 2 和田种源地核桃砧木苗根系形态对氮水平的响应

Figure 2. Morphology of Hotan walnut rootstocks in response to varied N level

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图 3 不同处理间核桃砧木苗生物量对氮水平的响应

Figure 3. Biomass of walnut stock seedlings in response to varied treatment

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图 4 不同处理间核桃砧木苗叶片可溶性糖含量对氮水平的响应

Figure 4. Soluble sugar content of walnut stock seedlings in response to varied treatment

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表 1 不同处理间核桃砧木苗根系形态特征对氮水平的响应

Table 1. Morphological characteristics of seedling roots in response to varied treatment

种源地 Provenance	处理 Treatment	总长度 Total length/ cm	总表面积 Total surface area/ cm²	总体积 Total volume/ cm³	平均直径 Average diameter/ mm	总根尖数 Total root tip amount/ （N·plant⁻¹）
阿克苏种源地（A）	N1（CK）	2 060.29±34.40 c	1 593.14±17.25 d	668.34±12.46 d	1.14±0.043 2 d	9 469.33±311.71 c
	N2	3 045.11±37.12 b	1 859.40±27.35 b	763.63±29.15 c	1.29±0.007 8 c	9 470.33±132.00 c
	N3	3 362.79±22.76 a	2 033.67±10.28 a	977.73±9.94 b	1.43±0.004 7 b	16 310.67±520.96 a
	N4	2 191.47±95.27 c	1 758.70±9.08 c	1 249.75±20.63 a	1.50±0.021 7 a	12 249.33±204.33 b
	N5	1 698.38±40.65 d	1 430.50±9.39 e	586.01±2.90 e	1.14±0.013 7 d	7 297.00±175.65 d
和田种源地（H）	N1（CK）	2 013.64±2.53 c	1 436.31±15.18 d	445.53±19.62 d	0.89±0.003 7 d	11 671.33±177.75 b
	N2	2 447.27±81.84 b	1 739.95±27.63 c	670.18±8.61 c	1.15±0.012 2 c	11 791.00±288.70 b
	N3	2 941.66±20.64 a	1 957.46±27.79 a	928.01±4.60 a	1.59±0.016 3 a	14 558.00±267.22 a
	N4	1 413.87±4.13 d	1 875.53±8.76 b	868.13±16.30 b	1.55±0.022 3 b	7 862.00±601.13 c
	N5	945.41 ±3.01 e	1 136.71±19.73 e	422.70±5.20 d	1.17±0.013 4 c	4 550.33±294.24 d
注：同一列数字后不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异达到5%显著水平，表2～4同。 Note: Data with different lowercase letters after same column indicate significant difference between different treatments at 5% level. Same for the following. The same as table 2-4.

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表 2 不同处理间核桃砧木苗形态特征对氮水平的响应

Table 2. Morphological characteristics of walnut stock seedlings in response to varied treatment

种源地 Provenance	处理 Treatment	叶长 Leaf length/ mm	叶宽 Leaf width/ mm	叶厚 Leaf thickness/ mm	叶片数 Number of leaf/ （piece·plant⁻¹）	株高 Plant height/ cm	地径 Ground diameter/ mm
阿克苏种源地（A）	N1（CK）	102.49±2.79 d	59.78±3.49 b	0.27±0.010 0 b	100.67±3.48 d	65.23±1.83 c	13.32±1.28 b
	N2	124.73±1.72 bc	72.00±1.53 a	0.34±0.008 8 a	122.00±5.03 c	78.90±5.12 b	14.61±0.15 b
	N3	144.89±8.52 a	77.48±0.97 a	0.32±0.016 7 a	149.00±1.53 b	81.13±7.38 b	16.93±0.49 a
	N4	134.00±15.06 ab	76.78±1.66 a	0.33±0.017 6 a	170.33±5.36 a	95.27±1.53 a	18.22±0.62 a
	N5	116.00±3.71 cd	73.92±1.90 a	0.30±0.003 3 ab	141.00±3.00 b	83.13±2.23 ab	12.83±0.29 b
和田种源地（H）	N1（CK）	108.98±0.88 b	64.20±3.21 bc	0.39±0.006 7 d	110.00±1.00 c	62.83±0.26 b	12.81±0.05 d
	N2	127.89±3.13 b	67.22±0.67 abc	0.47±0.003 3 c	130.33±3.28 b	69.03±3.93 ab	14.99±0.34 b
	N3	165.11±12.95 a	70.99±1.09 a	0.52±0.020 3 b	154.33±2.19 a	72.07±0.52 a	17.19±0.07 a
	N4	123.75±1.59 b	62.84±0.14 c	0.59±0.006 7 a	134.33±4.84 b	63.77±0.74 ab	16.77±0.21 a
	N5	126.89±1.25 b	68.33±1.68 ab	0.37±0.015 3 d	130.67±2.40 b	67.50±4.32 ab	14.07±0.49 c

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表 3 不同处理间核桃砧木苗光合参数对氮水平的响应

Table 3. Photosynthetic parameters on walnut stock seedlings in response to varied treatment

种源地 Provenance	处理 Treatment	Pn/（μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）	Ci/（μmol·mol⁻¹）	Gs/（mol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）	Tr/（mmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）
阿克苏种源地（A）	N1（CK）	9.36±0.12 c	243.49±8.99 a	0.141±0.004 a	5.59±0.09 c
	N2	10.56±0.55 bc	215.21±5.79 b	0.145±0.002 a	5.75±0.02 bc
	N3	12.73±0.50 a	211.43±4.86 b	0.157±0.006 a	6.60±0.19 a
	N4	11.59±0.71 ab	187.59±7.43 c	0.149±0.001 a	6.48±0.11 a
	N5	9.49±0.75 c	206.89±5.17 bc	0.149±0.010 a	5.96±0.03 b
和田种源地（H）	N1（CK）	12.00±0.40 ab	248.17±2.52 a	0.150±0.007 b	6.774±0.49 ab
	N2	11.79±0.79 ab	230.00±7.01 b	0.154±0.002 b	7.59±0.46 a
	N3	12.36±0.07 a	196.35±5.27 d	0.177±0.003 a	7.07±0.54 ab
	N4	12.06±0.86 ab	208.03±3.75 cd	0.170±0.008 ab	7.27±0.21 ab
	N5	10.56±0.14 b	223.27±5.96 bc	0.161±0.009 ab	6.32±0.09 b

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表 4 不同处理间核桃砧木苗光合色素对氮水平的响应

Table 4. Photosynthetic pigments of walnut stock seedlings in response to varied treatment

种源地 Provenance	处理 Treatment	Chl a/（mg·g⁻¹）	Chl b/（mg·g⁻¹）	Car/（mg·g⁻¹）	Chl a+b/（mg·g⁻¹）
阿克苏种源地（A）	N1（CK）	1.31±0.13 a	0.60±0.04 b	0.83±0.11 a	1.91±0.16 a
	N2	1.96±0.19 a	0.68±0.03 ab	0.92±0.07 a	2.64±0.21 a
	N3	2.69±0.19 a	0.92±0.09 a	0.97±0.06 a	3.61±0.27 a
	N4	2.05±0.28 a	0.85±0.03 ab	0.81±0.08 a	2.90±0.31 a
	N5	2.12±0.07 a	0.73±0.08 ab	0.82±0.08 a	2.86±0.15 a
和田种源地（H）	N1（CK）	1.51±0.15 c	0.59±0.08 c	0.70±0.03 bc	2.10±0.23 c
	N2	1.58±0.31 b	0.70±0.09 bc	0.73±0.02 ab	2.28±0.37 b
	N3	1.70±0.03 a	0.79±0.06 a	0.85±0.02 a	2.49±0.09 a
	N4	1.69±0.08 b	0.73±0.08 ab	0.73±0.05 c	2.42±0.16 b
	N5	1.54±0.09 b	0.66±0.02 abc	0.66±0.01 c	2.20±0.03 b

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