圆锥绣球品种的观赏性状及聚类分析

王红梅; 杨森; 黄海睿; 丁丽梅; 费越; 吴谦

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.03.007

圆锥绣球品种的观赏性状及聚类分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.03.007

1.
江苏农林职业技术学院，江苏　句容　212400
2.
北京市海淀区圆明园管理处，北京　 100091

基金项目: 江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目（LYKJ[2017]28)；江苏省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201913103011Y）

详细信息

作者简介:
王红梅（1976−），女，硕士，副教授，主要从事观赏植物育种与栽培方面的教学与科研工作（E-mail：whmei132@sohu.com）

中图分类号: S 685
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-24
- 修回日期: 2020-01-19
- 刊出日期: 2020-03-01

Ornamental Property of Cultivated Varieties of Hydrangea paniculata

1.
Journal of Jiangsu Dolgtechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu　212400, China
2.
Yuanmingyuan Administration Office of Haidian District of Beijing Municipality, Beijing　100091, China

摘要

摘要: 目的圆锥绣球为少数夏季开花的木本观花植物，近年来越来越受到人们的青睐。对圆锥绣球的不同品种的观赏性状进行客观评价，为圆锥绣球的开发与利用、为优良观赏种类的筛选以及新品种的选育提供依据。方法对圆锥绣球的17个品种的枝、叶、花的15个表型性状进行连续观测，对比分析不同品种间各性状的差异性及性状间的相关性；根据性状的相似性采用系统聚类分析的方法对17个品种进行类别的划分与评价。结果圆锥绣球各品种中以小花的形态变异程度较小，变异系数为0.88%～5.66%；枝叶的变异系数居中，为0.88%～8.58%；而花序的变异系数较大，为2.08%～14.83%；花期持续时间为23～54 d；相关性分析得出：x₁（花序横径）与x₅（花序的体积）之间、x₂（花序纵径）与x₅（花序的体积）之间、x₉（花转色后的颜色）与y₆（老枝颜色）之间、y₁（叶长）与y₂（叶宽）之间具有强相关，相关系数分别为：0.929，0.752，0.777，0.882；根据性状的相似性，在遗传距离193.541～525.687处可将17个圆锥绣球品种聚为2–5类。结论圆锥绣球不同品种的枝、叶、花的表型性状存在不同程度的差异性，以花序的变异程度最大；花序横径、花序纵径与花序体积间、花转色后的颜色与老枝颜色间、叶长与叶宽间的相关性均达显著水平，为性状间的预测提供了依据；聚类分析的结果则为圆锥绣球优良品种的选育、开发与利用及遗传多样性分析提供了参考价值。
- 圆锥绣球 /
- 观赏特性 /
- 相关性分析 /
- 聚类分析
Abstract: Objective Ornamental property of various Hydrangea paniculata, the few increasingly popular flowering woody plants that blossom in summer, were studied for the development, utilization and breeding of new varieties. Method Fifteen phenotypic characteristics on the branches, leaves and flowers of 17 varieties of H. paniculata were examined for a systematic analysis and classification. Result The morphological variations among the varieties were generally minute, with a coefficient between 0.88% and 5.66% on florets, between 0.88%~8.58% on branches and leaves, and between 2.08% and 14.83% on inflorescence. The flowering lasted 23 d to 54 d. The correlations between inflorescence transverse diameter (x₁) and volume of inflorescence (x₅) had a coefficient of 0.929, between inflorescence longitudinal diameter (x₂) and x₅ 0.752, between color of a flower after it changes color (x₉) and color of aging branches (y₆) 0.777, and between leave length (y₁) and leave width (y₂) 0.882. Based on the characteristics, the 17 varieties could be clustered into 2 to 5 categories. Conclusion The branch, leaf and flower phenotypes of the 17 varieties of H. paniculata differed to varying degrees, with the inflorescence being the greatest. The correlations among the characteristics were significant between x₁ and x₅, between x₂ and x₅, between x₉ and y₆, and between y₁ and y₂. The information would be of value in genetic studies on H. paniculata, as well as, in selecting, developing and utilizing superior new varieties.
- Hydrangea paniculata /
- ornamental characteristics /
- correlation analysis /
- cluster analysis

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图 1 17个圆锥绣球品种聚类分析

Figure 1. Cluster analysis of 17 H. Paniculata varieties

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表 1 17个圆锥绣球品种名及来源

Table 1. Names and origins of 17 H. Paniculata varieties under study

序号 Number	品种名 variety name	来源地 Origin	序号 Number	品种名 variety name	来源地 Origin
1	草莓冰沙 Hydrangea paniculata‘Strawberry smoothie’	美国 America	10	粉色精灵 Hydrangea paniculata‘Pink winky’	江苏苏州 Suzhou, Jiangsu
2	北极熊 Hydrangea paniculata‘Polar bear’	美国 America	11	香草草莓 Hydrangea paniculata‘Vanillaaw berry’	江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu
3	胭脂钻 Hydrangea paniculata‘Rouge drill’	美国 America	12	白乐章 Hydrangea paniculata ‘White movement’	江苏宿迁 Suqian, Jiangsu
4	霹雳贝贝 Hydrangea paniculata‘Wonder boy’	美国 America	13	媚眼 Hydrangea paniculata‘Leer’	江苏宿迁 Suqian, Jiangsu
5	活力青柠 Hydrangea paniculata‘Green lime’	美国 America	14	梦露 Hydrangea paniculata‘Monroe ’	江苏宿迁 Suqian, Jiangsu
6	夏日美人 Hydrangea paniculata‘Summer beauty ’	美国 America	15	仙子 Hydrangea paniculata‘Fairy maiden’	江苏宿迁 Suqian, Jiangsu
7	白玉 Hydrangea paniculata‘Grandiflora’	江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu	16	香云 Hydrangea paniculata‘Fragrant cloud’	江苏宿迁 Suqian, Jiangsu
8	石灰灯 Hydrangea paniculata‘Limelight’	江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu	17	烛光 Hydrangea paniculata‘Candlelight’	美国 America
9	魔幻月光 Hydrangea paniculata‘Magical candle’	美国 America

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表 2 花的大小和花序形状

Table 2. Size and shape of inflorescence

品种 Varieties	花序横径 Inflorescence transverse diameter			花序纵径 Inflorescence longitudinal diameter			小花花萼长 Floret calyx length			小花花萼宽 Floret calyx width			花序体积volume/ cm³	花序形状 Inflorescence shape
品种 Varieties	$\overline x /{\rm mm}$	S/mm	CV/%	$\overline x/ {\rm mm}$	S/mm	CV/%	$\overline x /{\rm mm}$	S/mm	CV/%	$\overline x/ {\rm mm}$	S/mm	CV/%	花序体积volume/ cm³	花序形状 Inflorescence shape
1	124.26	9.87	7.94	154.04	10.12	6.57	13.04	0.45	3.45	8.34	0.23	2.76	622.36	1
2	142.08	13.97	9.83	195.08	10.12	5.19	9.22	0.19	2.07	4.08	0.14	3.43	1030.45	1
3	185.20	26.49	14.31	140.20	12.10	8.63	15.04	0.20	1.33	9.12	0.12	1.32	1258.28	1
4	91.02	7.98	8.77	64.04	3.89	6.07	14.04	0.65	4.63	7.20	0.12	1.67	138.83	1
5	116.12	2.59	2.23	79.20	6.41	8.09	10.02	0.24	2.40	3.12	0.12	3.85	279.44	1
6	120.02	12.64	10.53	100.00	4.75	4.75	7.24	0.22	3.04	3.02	0.17	5.63	376.93	1
7	69.12	3.37	4.87	72.06	6.09	8.45	8.16	0.12	1.47	4.20	0.21	5.00	90.08	1
8	108.08	9.10	8.42	96.24	2.30	2.39	17.12	0.33	1.93	4.24	0.22	5.19	294.17	1
9	167.02	11.01	6.59	228.02	10.07	4.42	7.12	0.10	1.40	5.28	0.18	3.41	1664.40	1
10	80.04	11.87	14.83	138.32	5.40	3.90	5.08	0.13	2.58	2.12	0.12	5.66	231.87	2
11	120.02	2.50	2.08	132.24	6.73	5.09	9.08	0.08	0.88	5.10	0.13	2.55	498.45	2
12	80.08	3.84	4.79	130.32	4.94	3.79	12.20	0.54	4.44	9.20	0.22	2.39	218.68	1
13	90.12	8.20	9.10	130.24	7.89	6.06	15.12	0.79	5.23	10.08	0.10	0.99	276.78	1
14	80.08	3.89	4.86	90.22	2.70	2.99	10.08	0.32	3.18	6.24	0.24	3.85	151.39	1
15	100.20	5.12	5.11	160.26	7.03	4.39	7.02	0.21	3.00	4.22	0.09	2.14	421.03	2
16	90.20	3.89	4.32	120.18	8.21	6.83	8.02	0.21	2.62	4.20	0.10	2.38	255.85	2
17	60.08	5.97	9.94	110.02	9.98	9.07	8.00	0.26	3.25	3.14	0.14	4.46	103.92	2
注：$\overline x $：平均数；S：标准差；CV：变异系数。表4同。 Note: $\overline x $:average; S:standard deviation; CV:coefficient of variation. Same for Table 4.

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表 3 花期记录

Table 3. Records on florescence

品种 Varieties	花序形成时间 Inflorescence formation time/ （月-日）	始花期 The early blooming/ （月-日）	盛花期 Peak flowering/ （月-日）	花谢时间 The time of blossom fall/ （月-日）	花期持续时间 Flowering duration/d	赋值 Assignment
1	05-29	06-01	06-05	06-24	23	1
2	05-05	05-12	06-05	06-18	37	2
3	05-05	05-12	06-05	06-15	34	2
4	04-15	04-22	06-05	06-16	54	3
5	04-22	04-29	06-08	06-14	46	3
6	05-03	05-07	06-09	06-16	40	3
7	06-12	06-18	07-10	07-18	30	1
8	05-12	05-20	06-25	07-05	46	3
9	06-14	06-21	07-08	07-15	24	1
10	06-10	06-18	07-08	07-15	27	1
11	06-10	06-17	07-06	07-13	26	1
12	06-13	06-22	07-10	07-17	25	1
13	06-13	06-22	07-10	07-16	24	1
14	06-13	06-22	07-10	07-17	25	1
15	06-13	06-22	07-10	07-17	25	1
16	06-13	06-22	07-10	07-17	25	1
17	05-10	05-17	05-23	06-17	30	1

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表 4 叶片形态特征

Table 4. Morphological characteristics of leaves

品种 Varieties	叶长 Leaf length			叶宽 Leaf width			叶柄长 Petiole length
品种 Varieties	$\overline x $/cm	S/cm	CV/%	$\overline x $/cm	S/cm	CV/%	$\overline x $/cm	S/cm	CV/%
1	7.62	0.08	1.09	4.15	0.26	6.47	3.78	0.21	5.57
2	8.21	0.11	1.34	4.29	0.10	2.33	2.77	0.15	5.52
3	6.26	0.36	5.78	3.82	0.17	4.47	3.07	0.12	3.77
4	5.25	0.23	4.36	3.11	0.09	2.90	4.59	0.09	1.96
5	6.05	0.08	1.34	3.28	0.09	2.79	2.93	0.25	8.58
6	6.47	0.45	6.97	3.63	0.11	3.13	3.63	0.15	4.20
7	6.58	0.23	3.51	3.29	0.09	2.74	3.56	0.20	5.53
8	6.61	0.11	1.67	3.94	0.16	4.16	2.26	0.14	6.38
9	3.59	0.07	1.95	3.57	0.22	6.19	1.23	0.06	4.68
10	10.41	0.10	0.97	6.54	0.22	3.41	7.55	0.13	1.70
11	6.79	0.17	2.50	3.63	0.15	4.20	4.58	0.17	3.73
12	4.67	0.35	7.53	2.42	0.20	8.09	3.00	0.20	6.67
13	6.40	0.10	1.56	3.60	0.30	8.33	2.57	0.16	6.28
14	4.13	0.15	3.70	2.42	0.11	4.60	3.37	0.15	4.53
15	3.49	0.09	2.58	2.43	0.09	3.88	3.45	0.23	6.76
16	4.54	0.14	3.18	2.61	0.02	0.88	3.79	0.09	2.38
17	9.73	0.45	4.63	5.41	0.19	3.52	3.62	0.18	5.14

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表 5 不同品种叶片的色差

Table 5. Color difference on leaves of cultivated varieties

品种 Varieties	幼叶 Young leaves					老叶 Old leaves
品种 Varieties	黑白色差 ΔL	红绿色差 Δa	黄蓝色差 Δb	总色差 ΔEab	赋值 Assignment	黑白色差 ΔL	红绿色差 Δa	黄蓝色差 Δb	总色差 ΔEab	赋值 Assignment
1	54.21	−8.75	33.53	64.34	5	32.15	−5.49	9.03	33.84	2
2	40.00	−9.69	17.86	44.87	1	31.30	−7.38	12.11	34.36	2
3	40.37	−8.20	19.57	45.61	1	28.33	−6.89	10.51	30.99	1
4	40.88	−9.89	20.61	46.84	2	34.48	−7.52	12.38	37.40	3
5	47.19	−10.58	28.96	56.37	4	29.83	−4.89	8.81	31.49	1
6	44.35	−8.53	28.68	53.50	3	31.62	−8.13	12.14	34.83	2
7	45.63	−11.32	33.04	57.46	4	34.25	−7.28	13.90	37.67	3
8	33.68	−11.06	22.01	41.73	1	31.37	−7.25	12.84	34.66	2
9	51.75	−8.56	34.29	62.67	5	28.88	−4.08	6.20	29.82	1
10	44.98	−9.49	25.42	52.53	3	38.59	−6.18	15.14	41.91	5
11	46.31	−9.53	27.68	54.79	3	32.53	−7.00	12.22	35.45	3
12	44.93	−9.43	26.42	52.97	3	32.71	−7.62	15.58	37.02	3
13	52.26	−9.24	32.42	62.19	5	35.17	−8.50	15.95	39.54	4
14	53.53	−8.90	32.87	63.44	5	34.17	−7.56	13.50	37.51	3
15	42.37	−12.20	29.57	53.09	3	38.62	−7.13	17.14	42.85	5
16	48.11	−9.65	28.36	56.67	4	34.28	−8.06	17.81	39.46	4
17	48.16	−9.17	29.83	57.39	4	31.04	−4.55	7.01	32.15	2

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表 6 不同品种花的色差

Table 6. Color difference on flowers of cultivated varieties

品种 Varieties	初花颜色 Color of the initial bloom					转色后颜色 Color after color change
品种 Varieties	黑白色差 ΔL	红绿色差 Δa	黄蓝色差 Δb	总色差 ΔEab	赋值 Assignment	黑白色差 ΔL	红绿色差 Δa	黄蓝色差 Δb	总色差 ΔEab	赋值 Assignment
1	80.84	−2.90	9.76	81.48	5	56.62	−0.16	11.24	57.73	2
2	78.93	−4.99	16.94	80.88	4	62.23	−6.24	20.03	65.67	3
3	74.34	−5.62	20.96	77.44	4	67.18	−3.43	21.78	70.71	3
4	82.08	−2.32	7.35	82.44	5	80.48	−2.93	9.48	81.09	5
5	74.35	−7.55	28.49	79.98	4	46.62	−8.87	26.34	54.28	1
6	73.18	−4.90	26.11	77.85	4	67.72	−5.42	28.28	73.59	4
7	79.80	−4.07	10.82	80.63	4	83.02	−2.30	7.16	83.36	5
8	79.74	−3.42	13.42	80.93	4	82.02	−2.46	7.62	82.41	5
9	81.20	−2.48	9.17	81.75	5	80.65	−2.94	6.83	80.99	5
10	85.62	−2.00	11.98	86.48	5	48.89	2.64	10.34	50.04	1
11	74.87	−3.85	10.05	75.64	4	62.17	1.02	10.14	63.00	2
12	48.64	−0.89	11.35	49.95	1	80.38	−2.23	7.38	80.75	5
13	61.14	−2.95	11.43	62.27	2	78.58	−2.87	11.20	79.43	5
14	82.68	−2.71	11.48	83.52	5	82.44	−2.82	11.42	83.27	5
15	78.14	−2.32	7.71	78.55	4	80.21	−2.38	7.95	80.64	5
16	51.70	−1.90	8.61	52.45	1	59.64	−0.37	6.98	60.05	2
17	82.36	−3.53	9.26	82.95	5	70.45	−2.46	9.48	71.13	4

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表 7 不同品种老枝色差

Table 7. Color difference on old branches of cultivated varieties

品种 Varieties	黑白色差 ΔL	红绿色差 Δa	黄蓝色差 Δb	总色差 ΔEab	赋值 Assignment
1	30.48	9.84	10.68	33.76	3
2	30.65	5.41	15.32	34.69	3
3	36.53	9.80	15.24	40.78	4
4	40.49	7.88	14.54	43.74	4
5	34.41	6.61	14.67	37.99	3
6	34.74	6.36	16.22	38.86	3
7	37.46	9.48	11.82	40.41	4
8	40.51	6.62	16.17	44.12	4
9	36.81	9.93	14.68	40.85	4
10	28.07	6.66	13.99	32.06	2
11	24.44	2.89	12.10	27.42	2
12	33.80	7.11	13.76	37.18	3
13	44.02	7.87	17.30	47.95	5
14	38.69	11.36	17.64	44.01	4
15	38.98	8.11	14.54	42.39	4
16	30.14	8.35	13.32	33.99	3
17	34.56	8.51	13.42	38.04	3

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表 8 观赏性状的相关性分析

Table 8. Correlations of ornamental characteristics

	x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄	x₅	x₆	x₇	x₈	x₉	y₁	y₂	y₃	y₄	y₅	y₆
x₁	1.000	0.517*	0.163	0.166	0.929**	−0.330	0.415	0.000	−0.232	−0.097	0.192	−0.288	−0.255	−0.609**	0.007
x₂		1.000	−0.287	0.137	0.752**	0.211	−0.371	0.019	−0.190	0.037	0.310	−0.191	−0.038	−0.058	−0.170
x₃			1.000	0.683**	0.005	−0.606**	0.360	−0.214	0.226	0.012	−0.060	−0.333	−0.155	−0.233	0.421
x₄				1.000	0.135	−0.409	−0.210	−0.149	0.470	−0.372	−0.345	−0.275	0.149	0.017	0.528*
x₅					1.000	−0.132	0.162	−0.041	−0.251	−0.049	0.279	−0.343	−0.174	−0.455	−0.041
x₆						1.000	−0.467	0.014	−0.377	0.158	0.145	0.553*	−0.027	0.529*	−0.483*
x₇							1.000	−0.031	−0.071	0.067	0.128	−0.159	−0.596*	−0.505*	0.080
x₈								1.000	−0.039	0.218	0.339	0.263	0.198	−0.219	−0.030
x₉									1.000	−0.481	−0.468	−0.433	0.061	0.137	0.777**
y₁										1.000	0.882**	0.279	−0.227	−0.095	−0.512*
y₂											1.000	0.104	−0.243	−0.291	−0.363
y₃												1.000	−0.067	0.458	−0.525*
y₄													1.000	0.069	0.138
y₅														1.000	−0.018
y₆															1.000
注：表示相关性显著（P<0.05）；表示相关性极显著（P<0.01）。 Note: and **mean significant and extremely significant correlation between samples at 0.05 level or at 0.01 level（double tail）.

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