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番茄与辣椒秸秆不同还田方式对茄果类蔬菜幼苗生长的影响

杨冬艳 桑婷 冯海萍 谢华

杨冬艳,桑婷,冯海萍,等. 番茄与辣椒秸秆不同还田方式对茄果类蔬菜幼苗生长的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报,2020,35(3):273−279 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.03.005
引用本文: 杨冬艳,桑婷,冯海萍,等. 番茄与辣椒秸秆不同还田方式对茄果类蔬菜幼苗生长的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报,2020,35(3):273−279 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.03.005
YANG D Y, SANG T, FENG H P, et al. Effect of Returning Tomato and Cayenne Straws to Field on Growth of Solanaceous Vegetable Seedlings [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2020,35(3):273−279 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.03.005
Citation: YANG D Y, SANG T, FENG H P, et al. Effect of Returning Tomato and Cayenne Straws to Field on Growth of Solanaceous Vegetable Seedlings [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2020,35(3):273−279 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.03.005

番茄与辣椒秸秆不同还田方式对茄果类蔬菜幼苗生长的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.03.005
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31560570);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-23-G24)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨冬艳(1977−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:蔬菜栽培生理与蔬菜废弃物资源化利用(E-mail:yangdongyan2000@163.com

  • 中图分类号: S 641

Effect of Returning Tomato and Cayenne Straws to Field on Growth of Solanaceous Vegetable Seedlings

  • 摘要:   目的  探索番茄与辣椒秸秆还田的适宜方式。  方法  以番茄和辣椒秸秆为试材,采用盆栽方法,研究番茄和辣椒秸秆不同还田方式(新鲜秸秆粉碎还田、晒干粉碎还田、堆肥后还田)对同科蔬菜番茄、辣椒和茄子幼苗生长的影响及化感效应。  结果  番茄和辣椒新鲜秸秆还田处理抑制了3种蔬菜幼苗的生长,化感负向效应显著,且在还田30 d内对自身蔬菜幼苗生长抑制效应有加强趋势;干样还田处理在还田10 d时对3种茄科蔬菜有化感抑制作用,但到还田30 d时抑制效应消解,同时显著促进了3种蔬菜幼苗根系生长量的增加;堆肥还田处理则对3种蔬菜幼苗生长从还田初始就表现为化感正向促进效应,且随还田时间延长促进作用增强。  结论  在生产中,番茄和辣椒秸秆拉秧后优先选择堆肥还田利用方式,其次为晾晒粉碎还田,同时还田30 d后再定植茄科蔬菜。
  • 表  1  试验材料及其养分特征

    Table  1.   Nutrients in tested straw materials

    试验材料
    Test material
    总碳
    Total carbon/
    (g·kg−1
    总氮
    Total nitrogen/
    (g·kg−1
    总磷
    Total phosphorus/
    (g·kg−1
    总钾
    Total potassium/
    (g·kg−1
    C/N含水量
    Water Content/%
    新鲜的番茄秸秆 Fresh tomato straw 312.30 12.51 1.72 16.51 24.94 85.33
    新鲜的辣椒秸秆 Fresh pepper straw 330.10 17.48 2.45 22.26 18.87 82.14
    晒干的番茄秸秆 Dry tomato straw 428.20 14.52 6.66 21.32 29.52 14.27
    晒干的辣椒秸秆 Dry pepper straw 497.40 18.57 11.33 26.14 26.89 13.56
    堆肥后的番茄秸秆 Tomato straw composting 231.20 21.84 12.52 44.31 10.59 15.64
    堆肥后的辣椒秸秆 Pepper straw composting 234.90 24.55 16.64 47.82 9.58 13.52
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  辣椒秸秆不同还田方式对茄科蔬菜幼苗生长的影响

    Table  2.   Effects of differently treated chili straws on growth of solanaceous vegetable seedlings

    处理
    Treatment
    株高
    Plant height/cm
    茎粗
    Stem diameter/mm
    地上部干重
    Shoot dry weight/(g·株−1
    地下部干重
    Root dry weight/(g·株−1
    根系体积
    Root volume/(mL·株−1
    10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d
    PACK 19.98±1.17 c 28.89±1.29 ab 4.89±0.10 b 5.97±0.35 b 1.26±0.18 b 2.99±0.33 b 0.30±0.00 c 0.79±0.21 c 2.20±0.43 c 5.40±0.77 c
    PA1 17.81±1.38 d 27.97±1.56 b 4.86±0.25 b 5.86±0.24 b 1.05±0.05 c 3.06±0.47 b 0.25±0.03 c 0.71±0.17 c 2.26±0.28 c 5.32±0.31 c
    PA2 21.88±0.97 b 29.16±1.30 ab 4.93±0.22 b 6.34±0.27 a 1.18±0.11 bc 4.14±0.65 a 0.43±0.02 b 1.29±0.20 b 4.12±0.28 b 8.00±0.99 b
    PA3 25.40±1.24 a 30.43±1.45 a 5.47±0.26 a 6.61±0.20 a 1.70±0.09 a 4.61±0.47 a 0.69±0.01 a 2.21±0.29 a 7.50±0.62 a 12.32±0.94 a
    PBCK 18.65±1.10 a 28.46±1.99 bc 4.32±0.13 a 5.04±0.24 b 0.93±0.11 a 1.63±0.25 a 0.18±0.01 c 0.46±0.06 b 1.82±0.26 b 2.94±0.21 b
    PB1 16.70±1.52 b 27.10±0.92 c 3.66±0.15 b 4.87±0.46 b 0.66±0.08 b 0.90±0.13 b 0.13±0.01 d 0.50±0.13 b 1.20±0.25 c 2.44±0.28 c
    PB2 16.27±1.43 b 29.24±1.37 b 4.30±0.17 a 4.90±0.41 b 0.73±0.06 b 1.61±0.34 a 0.22±0.02 b 0.56±0.07 ab 2.28±0.27 a 3.22±0.34 b
    PB3 19.92±1.01 a 31.11±1.37 a 4.31±0.15 a 5.60±0.37 a 0.86±0.10 a 1.79±0.41 a 0.27±0.01 a 0.68±0.05 a 2.34±0.17 a 3.82±0.29 a
    PCCK 22.70±0.87 b 30.69±1.85 bc 4.32±0.17 b 4.75±0.23 ab 0.78±0.10 bc 1.91±0.45 b 0.09±0.06 b 0.54±0.05 b 0.86±0.08 c 2.44±0.23 b
    PC1 21.22±1.46 b 29.21±2.21 c 4.07±0.27 c 4.72±0.32 b 0.66±0.09 c 1.35±0.31 c 0.07±0.01 c 0.39±0.07 c 0.60±0.15 d 1.72±0.16 c
    PC2 24.60±1.01 a 32.30±2.20 b 4.25±0.12 bc 4.67±0.20 b 0.84±0.09 b 2.05±0.24 b 0.13±0.00 a 0.56±0.04 b 1.48±0.18 a 2.58±0.31 b
    PC3 24.32±1.22 a 37.04±2.46 a 4.77±0.18 a 5.06±0.36 a 1.02±0.08 a 2.50±0.36 a 0.12±0.01 a 0.88±0.18 a 1.26±0.15 d 5.00±0.35 a
    注:P:辣椒秸秆,A:茄子幼苗,B:辣椒幼苗,C:番茄幼苗,CK:空白对照,1:鲜样还田,2:干样还田,3:堆肥还田。同种蔬菜不同小写字母表示还田处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。
    Note: P: chili straws, A:eggplant seedlings, B:chili seedlings, C: tomato seedlings, CK: control, 1:crushed fresh straws, 2: crushed sun-dried straws, 3: composted straws. Different lowercase letters on same vegetable denote significant difference between treatments(P<0.05).
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  辣椒秸秆不同还田方式对茄科蔬菜幼苗生长的化感效应指数(IR

    Table  3.   Allelopathic index(IR)of differently treated chili straws on growth of solanaceous vegetable seedlings

    处理
    Treatment
    株高
    Plant height
    茎粗
    Stem diameter
    地上部干重
    Shoot dry weight
    地下部干重
    Root dry weight
    根系体积
    Root volume
    全株干重
    Plant dry weight
    壮苗指数
    Seedling index
    10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d
    PA1 −0.108 −0.032 −0.005 −0.018 −0.169 0.024 −0.150 −0.108 0.060 −0.015 −0.166 −0.003 −0.020 −0.085
    PA2 0.087 0.009 0.008 0.060 −0.066 0.279 0.309 0.384 0.466 0.325 0.031 0.304 0.190 0.380
    PA3 0.213 0.051 0.107 0.097 0.257 0.352 0.572 0.642 0.707 0.562 0.348 0.446 0.482 0.625
    PB1 −0.105 −0.048 −0.154 0.001 −0.294 −0.449 −0.315 0.097 −0.341 −0.170 −0.297 −0.327 −0.330 −0.410
    PB2 −0.128 0.027 −0.006 0.005 −0.218 −0.013 0.166 0.184 0.202 0.087 −0.149 0.038 0.145 0.074
    PB3 0.064 0.085 0.001 0.033 −0.078 0.091 0.315 0.331 0.222 0.230 0.010 0.157 0.269 0.116
    PC1 −0.070 −0.048 −0.058 −0.007 −0.154 −0.294 −0.258 −0.280 −0.302 −0.295 −0.165 −0.291 −0.259 0.110
    PC2 0.084 0.050 −0.016 −0.017 0.079 0.065 0.282 0.033 0.419 0.054 0.105 0.058 0.243 0.255
    PC3 0.066 0.172 0.093 0.061 0.240 0.234 0.206 0.383 0.317 0.512 0.237 0.273 0.275 0.571
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  番茄秸秆不同还田方式对茄科蔬菜幼苗生长的影响

    Table  4.   Effects of differently treated tomato straws on growth of solanaceous vegetable seedlings

    处理
    Treatment
    株高
    Plant height/cm
    茎粗
    Stem diameter/mm
    地上部干重
    Shoot dry weight/(g·株−1
    地下部干重
    Root dry weight/(g·株−1
    根系体积
    Root volume/(mL·株−1
    10 d30 d 10 d30 d 10 d30 d 10 d30 d 10 d30 d
    TACK 7.36±0.25 b 12.40±0.72 b 3.03±0.06 bc 4.03±0.09 a 0.31±0.09 c 0.79±0.09 a 0.07±0.06 c 0.27±0.03 b 1.04±0.16 a 3.30±0.36 b
    TA1 7.00±0.75 b 10.93±0.70 b 3.21±0.08 ab 3.96±0.08 a 0.40±0.03 b 0.64±0.03 b 0.11±0.06 b 0.24±0.02 b 0.94±0.09 a 2.44±0.46 c
    TA2 7.66±0.64 b 11.06±0.72 b 2.96±0.15 c 4.04±0.10 a 0.37±0.02 b 0.67±0.03 b 0.08±0.07 c 0.25±0.03 b 0.92±0.08 a 3.08±0.41 b
    TA3 8.90±0.40 a 14.40±0.96 a 3.27±0.14 a 4.16±0.12 a 0.45±0.02 a 0.79±0.06 a 0.13±0.08 a 0.34±0.06 a 1.04±0.11 a 4.10±0.34 a
    TBCK 18.00±0.72 c 21.83±0.66 b 3.99±0.09 a 4.46±0.11 c 0.55±0.01 a 1.00±0.01 ab 0.20±0.01 b 0.56±0.01 b 2.28±0.19 a 5.12±0.64 b
    TB1 17.90±0.90 c 21.36±0.76 b 3.46±0.09 c 4.07±0.09 d 0.51±0.03 b 0.87±0.02 b 0.19±0.004 c 0.34±0.02 d 1.38±0.16 c 3.20±0.30 c
    TB2 19.70±0.45 b 24.80±0.34 a 3.77±0.08 b 4.96±0.07 b 0.56±0.02 a 1.02±0.06 ab 0.20±0.01 bc 0.51±0.00 c 1.76±0.18 b 5.74±0.48 b
    TB3 21.23±0.95 a 24.66±0.61 a 4.04±0.07 a 5.26±0.16 a 0.57±0.01 a 1.17±0.16 a 0.24±0.01 a 0.67±0.03 a 2.52±0.21 a 6.58±0.39 a
    TCCK 17.03±0.97 b 25.83±0.56 c 4.24±0.18 ab 5.37±0.16 a 0.73±0.02 b 1.89±0.16 b 0.21±0.00 b 0.56±0.02 c 0.86±0.08 c 2.44±0.23 b
    TC1 19.10±0.85 a 27.56±0.80 c 4.11±0.06 bc 5.41±0.09 a 0.58±0.06 c 1.39±0.21 c 0.16±0.01 c 0.69±0.05 b 0.60±0.15 d 1.72±0.16 c
    TC2 15.53±1.10 b 32.06±1.28 b 3.92±0.12 c 5.70±0.10 a 0.77±0.07 b 1.22±0.05 c 0.13±0.01 d 0.89±0.05 a 1.26±0.15 b 2.58±0.31 b
    TC3 19.53±1.30 a 30.03±1.10 b 4.44±0.09 a 5.55±0.11 a 0.86±0.02 a 2.38±0.27 a 0.23±0.01 a 0.88±0.06 a 1.48±0.18 a 5.00±0.35 a
    注:T:番茄秸秆,A:茄子幼苗,B:辣椒幼苗,C:番茄幼苗,CK:空白对照,1:鲜样还田,2:干样还田,3:堆肥还田。同种蔬菜不同小写字母还田处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。
    Note: T: tomato straws, A: eggplant seedlings, B: chili seedlings, C: tomato seedlings, CK: control, 1: crushed fresh straws, 2: crushed sun-dried straws, 3: composted straws. Different lowercase letters on same vegetable denote significant difference between treatments(P<0.05).
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  番茄秸秆不同还田方式对茄科蔬菜幼苗生长的影响

    Table  5.   Allelopathic index(IR)of differently treated tomato straws on growth of solanaceous vegetable seedlings

    处理
    Treatment
    株高
    Plant height
    茎粗
    Stem diameter
    地上部干重
    Shoot dry weight
    地下部干重
    Root dry weight
    根系体积
    Root volume
    全株干重
    Plant dry weight
    壮苗指数
    Seedling index
    10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d
    TA1 −0.109 −0.032 −0.006 −0.018 −0.167 0.023 −0.167 −0.101 0.027 −0.015 −0.167 −0.003 −0.118 −0.065
    TA2 0.087 0.009 0.008 0.058 −0.063 0.278 0.302 0.388 0.466 0.325 0.031 0.304 0.207 0.380
    TA3 0.213 0.051 0.106 0.097 0.259 0.351 0.565 0.643 0.707 0.562 0.347 0.446 0.493 0.625
    TB1 −0.105 −0.048 −0.153 −0.034 −0.290 −0.448 −0.278 0.080 −0.341 −0.170 −0.288 −0.330 −0.303 0.067
    TB2 −0.128 0.027 −0.005 −0.028 −0.215 −0.012 0.182 0.179 0.202 0.087 −0.144 0.037 0.122 0.142
    TB3 0.064 0.085 −0.002 0.100 −0.075 0.089 0.333 0.324 0.222 0.230 0.018 0.154 0.212 0.306
    TC1 −0.065 −0.048 −0.058 −0.006 −0.154 −0.293 −0.222 −0.278 −0.302 −0.295 −0.161 −0.290 −0.182 −0.269
    TC2 0.077 0.050 −0.016 −0.017 0.071 0.068 0.308 0.036 0.419 0.054 0.103 0.061 0.163 0.017
    TC3 0.067 0.171 0.094 0.061 0.235 0.236 0.250 0.386 0.317 0.512 0.237 0.275 0.257 0.351
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-10-21
  • 修回日期:  2020-02-15
  • 刊出日期:  2020-03-01

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