Effect of Dietary Lysine Content on Reproductive Performance, Serum Biochemistry and Excretion Nitrogen of Sows in Late Gestation Stage
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摘要:
目的 探讨理想氨基酸模式下，日粮不同赖氨酸水平对妊娠后期母猪繁殖性能、血清生化指标和粪氮排泄量的影响。 方法 选用3～7胎次、体况相似、预产期相近的64头长大二元杂交母猪，随机分成4个组，每处理组16个重复，每个重复1头母猪，分别饲喂可消化赖氨酸水平为0.58%、0.63%、0.68%、0.73%的日粮，试验期始于配种后80 d，终于产仔结束。 结果 0.63%组的仔猪初生窝重分别比0.58%组和0.73%组显著增加8.26%、7.87%（P＜0.05），仔猪初生重比0.58%组显著增加5.84%（P＜0.05），血清尿素氮浓度比0.58%、0.68%、0.73%组显著降低（P＜0.05），血清胰岛素浓度显著高于0.58%组和0.73%组（P＜0.05），血清赖氨酸、苏氨酸浓度显著低于0.58%组和0.73%组（P＜0.05），血清亮氨酸、异亮氨酸浓度显著低于0.73%组（P＜0.05），妊娠后期母猪氮表观消化率比0.73%组显著提高（P＜0.05），粪氮排泄量比0.68%组和0.73%组显著减少（P＜0.05）。 结论 可消化赖氨酸水平为0.63%时，妊娠后期母猪能获得较好的繁殖性能。 Abstract:Objective Effects of lysine content in diet on the reproductive performance, serum biochemistry, and excretion nitrogen of sows in late gestation stage were determined. Method A total of 64 healthy, pregnant, crossbred sows (Large White×Landrace) with 3–7 parities and a similar parturition date was randomly divided into 4 groups. Each group consisting of 16 replicates and one reference sow were fed with forage containing a digestible lysine level at 0.58%, 0.63%, 0.68% or 0.73%. Feeding the experimental diet on the sows started at the 80th day after artificial insemination and finished after farrowing. Result The weight of newly born litters in the 0.63% lysine group was significantly higher than that in the 0.58% group by 8.26%, and that in the 0.73% group by 7.87% (P＜0.05). The piglets at birth weighed significantly higher in the 0.63% group than the 0.58% group by 5.84% (P＜0.05). In the 0.63% group, the serum urea nitrogen was significantly lower than either the 0.58%, 0.68% or 0.73% group; the insulin significantly higher than the 0.58% or the 0.73% group; the serum lysine and threonine significantly lower than the 0.58% or the 0.73% group; the leucine and isoleucine significantly lower than the 0.73% group; the crude protein digestibility significantly higher than the 0.73% group; and, the excretion nitrogen significantly lower than the 0.68% or the 0.73% group. Conclusion When the sows were fed at late gestation stage with a diet that contained 0.63% digestible lysine, an improved reproductive performance in them could be expected. -
表 1 试验日粮组成和营养水平
Table 1. Composition and nutrient levels of diets （单位：%）
项目
Items处理1组
Group 1处理2组
Group 2处理3组
Group 3处理4组
Group 4原料 Ingredients 玉米 Corn 75.6 75.6 75.6 75.6 豆粕 Soybean meal 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 麦麸 Wheat bran 5 5 5 5 膨化大豆 Puffed soybean 5 5 5 5 秘鲁鱼粉 Peruvian fish meal 1 1 1 1 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 石粉 CaCO3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 食盐 NaCl 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 预混料 Premix① 1 1 1 1 沸石粉 Zeolite power 0.89 0.79 0.67 0.50 L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lys.HCl 0.115 0.179 0.243 0.307 DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met 0 0 0.012 0.026 L-苏氨酸 L-Thr 0 0.037 0.074 0.118 L-色氨酸 L-Try 0. 0 0 0.003 L-缬氨酸 L-Val 0 0 0 0.019 营养水平 Nutrient levels② 消化能 Digestible energy/（MJ·kg−1） 13.39 13.39 13.39 13.39 粗蛋白 Crude protein 13.01 13.09 13.19 13.33 钙 Ca 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 总磷 Total phosphorus 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 有效磷 Available phosphorus 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 总赖氨酸 Lys 0.66 0.71 0.76 0.81 可消化赖氨酸 Dlys 0.58 0.63 0.68 0.73 可消化苏氨酸 DThr 0.42 0.45 0.49 0.53 可消化缬氨酸 DVal 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.48 可消化蛋氨酸 DMet 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.20 可消化色氨酸 DTrp 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 注：①预混料为每千克日粮提供：VA 7 000 IU；VE 80 IU；VD3 2 000 IU；VK3 2.5 mg；VB12 40 ug；VB2 6 mg；VB1 2.8 mg；VB6 3.5 mg；叶酸 3.0 mg；生物素 1.0 mg；D-泛酸13.5 mg；烟酸35 mg；氯化胆碱700 mg；锰 40 mg；铁 120 mg；锌 60 mg；铜 15 mg；碘 0.4 mg；硒 0.3 mg；②营养水平为计算值。
Notes: ① Premix provided following nutrients per kg of diet: VA at 7 000 IU; VE at 80 IU; VD3 at 2 000 IU; VK3 at 2.5 mg; VB12 at 40 ug; VB2 at 6 mg; VB1 at 2.8 mg; VB6 at 3.5 mg; folic acid at 3.0 mg; biotin at 1.0 mg; d-pantothenic acid at 13.5 mg; nicotinic acid at 35 mg; choline chloride at 700 mg; Mn at 40 mg; Fe at 120 mg; Zn at 60 mg; Cu at 15 mg; I at 0.4 mg; and, Se at 0.3 mg. ② Nutritional values were calculated.
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表 2 不同可消化赖氨酸水平对妊娠后期母猪繁殖性能的影响
Table 2. Effect of dietary digestible lysine levels on reproductive performance of sows in late gestation stage
项目
Items处理1组
Group 1处理2组
Group 2处理3组
Group 3处理4组
Group 4产仔数
Litter size/头10.73±1.49 11.00±1.20 10.93±1.33 10.80±1.37 产活仔数
Live litter/头10.20±1.37 10.47±1.60 10.33±1.45 10.07±1.49 初生窝重
Litter weight/kg13.92±1.17 b 15.07±1.38 a 14.53±1.12 ab 13.97±1.26 b 仔猪初生重
Birth weight/kg1.37±0.11 b 1.45±0.14 a 1.41±0.09 ab 1.39±0.08 ab 妊娠80 d背膘厚度
Backfat thickness at 80 days after pregnancy/cm17.15±1.63 17.09±1.10 16.92±1.46 17.03±1.73 妊娠110 d背膘厚度
Backfat thickness at 110 days after pregnancy/cm19.69±1.86 19.88±1.27 19.60±1.65 19.62±1.94 背膘厚度增加
The change of backfat thickness/cm2.54±0.34 2.79±0.23 2.68±0.25 2.59±0.31 注：同行数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05），表3～5同。
Note: Data with different lowercase letter superscripts on same row mean significant difference（P＜0.05）. Same for Tables 3–5.
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表 3 不同可消化赖氨酸水平对妊娠后期母猪血清生化指标的影响
Table 3. Effects of dietary digestible lysine levels on biochemical indicators of sows in late gestation stage
项目
Items处理1组
Group 1处理2组
Group 2处理3组
Group 3处理4组
Group 4尿素氮
BUN/（mmol·L−1）4.03±0.40 ab 3.44±0.48 a 4.07±0.37 ab 4.23±0.51 b 肌酐
Creatinine/（μmol·L−1）132.04±12.55 131.96±8.10 135.18±6.73 137.12±16.59 甘油三脂
TG/（mmol·L−1）0.62±0.11 0.68±0.09 0.59±0.08 0.62±0.18 血糖
Glu/（mmol·L−1）4.08±0.93 3.71±0.90 3.97±0.86 4.31±1.01 胰岛素
Insulin/（mIU·L−1）18.94±3.64 b 23.08±5.03 a 20.76±4.51 ab 17.83±3.93 b 雌二醇
Estradiol/（ng·L−1）158.41±35.23 172.09±29.59 153.63±23.82 173.31±32.72
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表 4 不同可消化赖氨酸水平对妊娠后期母猪血清氨基酸含量的影响
Table 4. Effect of dietary digestible lysine on serum free amino acids of sows in late gestation stage （单位：mg·dL−1）
项目
Items处理1组
Group 1处理2组
Group 2处理3组
Group 3处理4组
Group 4赖氨酸 Lys 20.93±1.24 b 19.06±1.03 a 20.28±1.42 ab 21.18±1.31 b 苏氨酸 Thr 27.29±1.75 b 24.93±1.46 a 26.17±1.33 ab 27.72±1.61 b 蛋氨酸 Met 8.17±0.53 8.07±0.69 8.35±0.48 8.52±0.83 异亮氨酸 Ile 12.32±0.41 ab 11.76±0.61 a 12.21±0.54 ab 12.87±0.76 b 亮氨酸 Leu 24.92±1.79 ab 23.59±1.04 a 24.56±1.35 ab 25.84±1.58 b 缬氨酸 Val 36.93±2.77 35.75±2.92 36.36±2.49 36.93±3.05 苯丙氨酸 Phe 13.35±1.20 12.71±1.45 13.44±1.21 13.69±1.57 组氨酸 His 14.71±0.98 14.18±1.16 14.59±1.32 14.79±1.04 精氨酸 Arg 17.84±1.42 17.30±0.98 18.22±1.17 18.17±1.29 天冬氨酸 Asp 5.34±0.56 5.01±0.73 5.31±0.53 5.43±0.62 丝氨酸 Ser 16.23±1.10 15.68±1.37 16.15±1.18 16.61±1.43 谷氨酸 Glu 29.15±2.35 28.57±1.82 29.86±2.06 29.80±2.14 甘氨酸 Gly 30.06±2.61 29.14±2.72 30.21±2.80 30.42±2.95 丙氨酸 Ala 34.38±2.96 33.42±3.70 34.18±3.03 35.24±3.52 胱氨酸 Cys2 6.71±0.52 6.53±0.47 6.84±0.71 6.78±0.56 酪氨酸 Tyr 21.62±2.03 20.94±2.45 22.03±2.78 22.41±2.27 脯氨酸 Pro 35.79±2.57 34.48±3.01 35.12±2.94 35.73±3.35 总氨基酸
Total amino acid355.37±24.32 341.12±22.37 354.18±26.25 362.13±29.18
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表 5 不同可消化赖氨酸水平对妊娠后期母猪氮表观消化率和粪氮排泄量的影响
Table 5. Effects of dietary digestible lysine levels on nitrogen digestibility and excretion nitrogen of sows in late gestation stage
项目 Items 处理1组 Group 1 处理2组 Group 2 处理3组 Group 3 处理4组 Group 4 氮表观消化率 Apparent digestibility/% 79.05±1.98 ab 80.48±1.41 a 78.67±1.51 ab 77.02±1.81 b 平均总摄入氮 Average total nitrogen intake/（g·d−1） 52.04 52.36 52.76 53.32 氮吸收量 Nitrogen uptake/（g·d−1） 41.14±1.03 42.14±0.73 41.51±0.79 41.07±0.94 粪氮排泄量 Nitrogen excretion/（g·d−1） 10.90±1.03 ab 10.22±0.73 a 11.25±0.79 bc 12.25±0.94 c
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