不同栽培模式对冬作马铃薯根际土壤真菌多样性的影响

杨鑫; 樊吴静; 李丽淑; 何虎翼; 唐洲萍

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.02.010

不同栽培模式对冬作马铃薯根际土壤真菌多样性的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.02.010

广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所，广西　南宁　530007

基金项目: 国家马铃薯产业技术体系综合试验站项目（CARS-10-ES15）；广西重点研发技术项目（桂科AB16380116）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨鑫（1987−），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：主要从事马铃薯栽培技术相关研究（E-mail：yangxin122009@163.com）

通讯作者:
李丽淑（1979−），女，博士，副研究员，研究方向：主要从事马铃薯育种与栽培技术研究（E-mail：shukity@126.com）

中图分类号: S532
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-18
- 修回日期: 2019-12-12
- 刊出日期: 2020-02-01

Effect of Cultivation Practices on Fungal Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil at Winter Potato Fields as Determined by High-throughput Sequencing

Commercial Crop Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi　530007, China

摘要

摘要: 目的从土壤微生态角度研究不同覆盖栽培模式对冬作马铃薯根际土壤真菌多样性的影响，旨在为广西冬作马铃薯生产探索最佳栽培模式。方法采用ⅠlluminaMiseq高通量测序技术对马铃薯在黑地膜覆盖栽培、稻草覆盖栽培和常规栽培（对照）3种处理条件下的马铃薯全生育期根际土壤真菌群落进行多样性分析。结果黑地膜覆盖栽培的根际土壤真菌多样性指数最高，其中黑地膜覆盖栽培Simpson指数与稻草覆盖栽培差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）；不同处理优势菌株种类和相对丰度随着马铃薯生育进程呈现不同变化规律，子囊菌门均为最优势真菌门，其中黑地膜覆盖栽培子囊菌门相对丰度最高，3种栽培模式的优势菌属分别为头束霉属、田头菇属、被孢霉属；在马铃薯生长后期，黑地膜覆盖栽培处理的根际土壤中被孢霉菌、头束霉属、粉红粘帚霉属、枝顶孢属的相对丰度比常规栽培处理的高，稻草覆盖栽培处理镰孢菌相对丰度较其他两个处理的更低。结论黑地膜覆盖栽培处理的根际土壤真菌群落结构和多样性比稻草覆盖栽培和常规栽培处理更加优化和丰富，有利于土壤中有机质的分解转化和有益微生物的生长繁殖，可为马铃薯生长发育提供充足的养分条件和稳定的根际微生态环境；稻草覆盖栽培可以缓解镰孢菌引起的马铃薯土传病害。
- 高通量测序 /
- 根际土壤 /
- 真菌多样性 /
- 黑地膜覆盖 /
- 马铃薯
Abstract: Objective From the perspective of micro-ecology, effect of varied cultivation practices on fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil of winder potato fields were studied to improve the cultivation in Guangxi. Methods The Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing was used to compare the fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soils at fields under either black film mulching (BFM), rice straw mulching (RSM) or conventional practice (CK). Results The fungal diversity index in rhizosphere soil was higher under BFM than the other two. The difference on the Simpson indices of BFM and RSM was significant (P＜0.05). The species and relative abundance of dominant strains in the soils differed among the treatments and potato growth period. Ascomycota was the most dominant phylum found in the soils under all 3 methods with its relative abundance being the greatest under BFM. The dominant fungi genus under BFM was Cephalotrichum, under RSM Agrocybe, and under CK Mortierella. In late stage of potato growth, BFM resulted in a higher relative abundance of Mortierella,Cephalotrichum, Clonostachys, and Acremonium than did CK, but the lowest in the relative abundance of Fusarium among all treatments. Conclusion The application of a black film for mulching on the ground (BFM) at potato growing fields significantly improved the species abundance, structure, and diversity of fungal community in the rhizosphere soil over the other practices. It facilitated the decomposition and transformation of organic matters in soil, the growth and proligeration of beneficial microorganisms, and the stability of the rhizosphere microbial environment for optimal growth and development of potatoes. On the other hand, the use of rice straws in RSM appeared to mitigate the soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium on the potato.
- High-throughput sequencing /
- rhizosphere soil /
- fungal diversity /
- black film mulching /
- potato

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图 1 相似度为0.97条件下各土壤样品的稀释曲线

Figure 1. Rarefaction cures of soil samples at 3% cut off level

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图 2 不同栽培模式根际土壤真菌门水平群落组成及相对丰度

Figure 2. Composition and relative abundance of fungi phyla in rhizosphere soils under different cultivation practices

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图 3 不同栽培模式根际土壤真菌属水平群落组成及相对丰度

Figure 3. Composition and relative abundance of fungi genera in rhizosphere soils under different cultivation practices

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图 4 不同栽培模式根际土壤真菌群落结构属水平的热图聚类

Figure 4. Genus-level heatmap of fungal community structure in rhizosphere soils under different cultivation practices

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表 1 样本测序数据统计结果

Table 1. Sequencing of soil samples

处理 Treatment	有效序列数 Effective Tags	样品长度 AvgLen/bp	有效序列数百分比 Effective/%	测序深度指数 Coverage/%
A₁	73 725	249	91.99	99.97
A₂	73 708	250	92.08	99.95
A₃	71 870	245	89.82	99.94
A₄	72 707	240	91.01	99.96
A₅	73 774	240	92.04	99.93
B₁	72 440	248	90.87	99.93
B₂	73 058	251	91.62	99.95
B₃	74 061	278	92.43	99.94
B₄	7 862	283	92.0	99.95
B₅	73 842	248	91.95	99.92
C₁	73 199	255	91.42	99.96
C₂	73 334	237	91.27	99.95
C₃	73 179	240	91.23	99.97
C₄	73 357	243	91.34	99.95
C₅	72 037	235	89.98	99.93
注：A₁~A₅依次为黑地膜覆盖栽培的苗期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期、成熟期，B₁~B₅依次为稻草覆盖栽培的苗期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期、成熟期，C₁~C₅依次为露地栽培的苗期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期、成熟期，下同。 Note: A₁~A₅ is seeding, tuber initiation stage, bulking stage, starch accumulation stage, maturationstage of black film mulching; B₁~B₅ is seeding, tuber initiation stage, bulking stage, starch accumulation stage, maturation stage of rice straw mulching; C₁~C₅ is seeding, tuber initiation stage, bulking stage, starch accumulation stage, maturation stageofconventionalculture.the same as below.

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表 2 不同栽培模式马铃薯根际土壤真菌群落多样性

Table 2. Diversity of fungal communities in rhizosphere soils on grounds under different cultivation practices

处理 Treatment	数目 OTU	丰富度指数 ACE	丰富度指数 Chao1	多样性指数 Simpson	多样性指数 Shannon
A₁	352	364.33±5.81 cde	373.00±6.25 bcd	0.06±0.02 c	4.04±0.22 a
A₂	311	333.17±7.51 fg	346.06±5.51 def	0.11±0.01 bc	3.30±0.32 ab
A₃	336	362.02±2.08 def	359.43±9.16 cd	0.05±0.03 c	3.70±0.06 ab
A₄	363	376.37±2.00 abcd	382.89±1.10 abc	0.04±0.02 c	3.94±0.21 ab
A₅	297	334.80±2.11 efg	346.04±5.75 def	0.08±0.02 c	3.24±0.41 ab
B₁	249	394.80±3.98 abc	322.67±2.90 f	0.08±0.01 c	3.69±0.12 ab
B₂	376	397.94±4.85 ab	404.33±7.54 a	0.05±0.01 c	3.80±0.32 ab
B₃	339	367.40±3.73 bcd	371.34±1.85 bcd	0.21±0.02 ab	2.74±0.18 ab
B₄	307	328.59±5.02 g	326.69±5.58 ef	0.10±0.02 c	3.14±0.50 ab
B₅	290	329.51±7.33 g	323.00±5.51 f	0.24±0.03 a	2.34±0.34 b
C₁	348	361.80±2.32 def	363.12±4.00 cd	0.14±0.02 abc	3.20±0.23 ab
C₂	361	379.03±5.23 abcd	396.00±4.16 ab	0.06±0.02 c	3.72±0.38 ab
C₃	350	357.21±2.61 defg	358.14±1.39 cd	0.10±0.01 c	3.51±0.26 ab
C₄	348	366.62±10.75 cd	372.39±5.48 bcd	0.04±0.01 c	3.94±0.42 ab
C₅	370	401.10±8.72 a	400.49±6.64 ab	0.14±0.03 abc	3.25±0.28 ab
A（总计/平均）	1659	354.14±2.98 a	361.49±1.09 b	0.07±0.01 b	3.64±0.16 a
B（总计/平均）	1561	363.65±4.85 a	349.61±2.97 c	0.14±0.01 a	3.14±0.08 a
C（总计/平均）	1777	373.15±4.31 a	373.03±0.59 a	0.10±0.01 ab	3.53±0.28 a
注：表中同列数据后的小写字母反映的是不同处理间在0.05水平上的差异显著性。 Note: The lowercase letters after the same column in the table represent difference significant between different treatment at 0.05 level.

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