Effect of Refrigeration on Aromatics in Rose damascene Floral Water Extract
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摘要:
目的 探讨低温冷藏对大马士革玫瑰鲜花花水香气成分的影响,为大马士革玫瑰鲜花贮藏提供可行的方法依据。 方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取玫瑰花花水,依次收集不同时段的蒸馏液。采用固相微萃取技术取样,气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析,对各蒸馏液中的香气成分进行鉴定和定量分析。 结果 低温冷藏的大马士革玫瑰花和大马士革玫瑰鲜花花水都具有玫瑰特征香气,二者在各个收集时段各类化合物的分布上差异不大。苯乙醇、香茅醇、橙花醇和香叶醇是玫瑰花标志性香气成分,低温冷藏对花水成分中的苯乙醇和香茅醇影响不大,可能使香叶醇转化成了橙花醇。低温冷藏会减少花水中萜烯类成分的数量和酮类化合物甲基庚烯酮的相对含量,增加柠檬醛的相对含量,增加了花水的香气品质但影响花水的储藏时间。低温冷藏对花水酯类、酚类等其他成分的影响较小。 结论 低温冷藏处理对大马士革玫瑰花水的香气成分影响不大,可作为大马士革玫瑰鲜花的适宜贮藏方法。 Abstract:Objective Effect of low temperature storage on the aromatic constituents in Rose damascene flowers was evaluated. Method Aromatics of R. damascene flowers were extracted by steam distillation. Samples of extract were collected every hour for 4 h to be chemically analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Result The floral water extract of either the refrigerated or the fresh roses had the same typical fragrance and similar chemical compositions. Among the characteristic aromatic compounds, phenylethyl alcohol and citronellol in the extracts were not significantly affected by the low-temp treatment, and geraniol might have been converted to nerol. On the other hand, terpenes were reduced, with the relative contents of ketones, such as methyl heptanone, lowered and (Z)-citral and (E)-citral increased,which increased the aromatic quality but reduced the storage time of floral water. There were no significant effects detected on esters, phenols or other aromatics. Conclusion Low-temp storage of R. damascene flowers did not seem to significantly reduce the aromatic quality of the water extract and could be applied to extend the shelf life of the flowers. -
Key words:
- Rose damascene /
- refrigeration /
- aroma constituents /
- steam distillation /
- collection period
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表 1 不同收集时段大马士革玫瑰花水香气成分及其相对含量
Table 1. Compositions and relative contents of aromatics in R. damascene extracts collected at different time
种类
Types编号
Number成分
Components保留时间
Retention time/min相对含量 Relative percentage/% A B 时段1
First period时段2
Second period时段3
Third period时段4
Fourth period时段1
First period时段2
Second period时段3
Third period时段4
Fourth period醇类
Alcohols1 芳樟醇
Linalool13.782 2 0.294 1 2.003 9 2.075 5 4.629 4 0.430 6 3.134 1 4.228 3 3.232 4 2 苯乙醇
Phenylethyl alcohol14.500 8 16.843 5 37.485 8 29.138 2 40.225 2 23.272 2 27.059 5 30.758 0 38.346 4 3 4-萜烯醇
Terpinen-4-ol16.369 3 0.186 2 0.150 8 - - 0.173 1 0.107 1 0.117 6 - 4 α-松油醇
α-Terpinol16.848 6 0.053 3 - 0.168 7 - - 0.106 5 - - 5 香茅醇
Citronellol18.195 8 36.823 1 45.901 8 52.624 4 36.823 2 46.676 0 47.713 8 48.465 0 9.833 7 6 橙花醇
Nerol19.160 2 15.409 1 - 6.296 5 - - 4.371 5 - - 7 香叶醇
Geraniol19.130 1 - - - 3.122 4 14.628 9 0.073 5 6.303 8 - 8 正己醇
Hexanol6.889 3 0.006 6 - - - 0.003 0 - - - 9 苯甲醇
Benzyl alcohol11.847 9 0.054 8 0.019 4 - - 0.127 9 - - - 10 p-乙酸松油醇
p-Acetic acid terpineol16.836 4 - 0.211 3 - - - - 0.231 6 - 萜烯类
Terpenes11 月桂烯
Myrcene10.350 7 0.245 9 - - - 0.062 8 - - - 12 萜品油烯
Terpinolene16.884 3 - - - - 0.042 0 - - - 13 2,6-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯
2,6-Dimethyl-2,6-octadiene23.867 1 0.131 6 - 0.283 4 - 0.214 0 - - - 14 萜品烯
1,4-Cyclohexadiene11.722 1 - - - - 0.074 0 - - - 15 2-蒎烯
2-Pinene10.332 7 - - - - 0.044 1 - - - 16 4-蒈烯
4-Carene11.758 0 - - - - 0.013 8 - - - 17 2,6-二甲基-1,5-庚二烯
2,6-Dimethyl-1,5-heptadiene15.135 6 - - - - 0.081 5 - - - 18 甲基乙基环戊烯
Methyl ethyl cyclopentene16.255 5 - - - - 0.246 6 - - - 19 莰烯
Camphene11.704 3 0.113 7 - - - - - - - 20 罗勒烯
Ocimene12.081 6 0.108 0 - - - - - - - 醛类
Aldehydes21 苯乙醛
Phenylacetaldehyde12.111 4 - - - - 0.153 3 - - - 22 (Z)-柠檬醛
(Z)-citral18.519 2 2.946 7 1.216 0 0.808 2 - 1.862 4 0.534 3 0.459 0 - 23 (E)-柠檬醛
(E)-citral19.722 9 4.732 2 1.683 8 0.636 8 - 2.655 6 0.490 9 0.352 9 - 24 水茴香醛
Phellandral15.680 6 - - - - 0.172 9 - - - 酯类
Esters25 乙酸香叶酯
Geranyl acetate25.813 4 - 0.134 9 - - - - - - 26 异丁酸香茅酯
Citronellyl isobutyrate21.549 5 - - - - 0.027 3 - - - 27 丁酸香叶酯
Geranyl butyrate24.453 9 - - - - 0.075 3 - - - 28 甲酸香叶酯
Geranyl formate25.891 2 0.059 3 5.878 3 - - 0.167 4 - - - 29 香叶酸甲酯
Methyl geranate22.178 3 0.028 2 - - - 0.029 2 0.263 1 0.142 6 - 30 甲酸香草酯
Citronellyl formate18.321 8 9.129 7 - 0.245 3 - - - - 0.439 1 酚类
Phenols31 丁香酚
Eugenol24.184 4 0.201 7 - - - 0.156 6 - - - 32 甲基丁香酚
Methyl eugenol27.705 8 0.185 3 - - - 0.303 7 - 0.144 9 - 33 异丁香酚
Isoeugenol24.316 4 0.001 1 - - - - - - - 烷类
Alkanes34 3-甲基-双环[4.1.0]庚烷
3-Methyl-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane16.243 7 0.343 2 - - - - - - - 35 丙基-环丙烷
Propyl-cyclopropane6.841 4 - - - - 0.009 0 - - - 36 十六烷
Hexadecane47.618 0 - - - - - - 0.062 4 - 37 双环[2.2.2]辛烷
Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane15.668 8 0.244 2 - - - - - - - 38 乙烯基环己烷
Vinylcyclohexane16.231 5 - 0.158 9 - - - - - - 39 二苯甲烷
Diphenyl methane15.656 7 - 0.140 4 - - - - - - 酮类
Ketones40 甲基庚烯酮
Methylheptenone10.153 1 - - - - - 8.545 3 1.592 9 29.104 8 其他
Others41 玫瑰醚
Rose oxide14.099 6 0.071 3 0.864 5 0.306 9 0.679 0 0.063 6 0.435 5 0.223 5 - 42 橙花醚
Nerolin15.405 1 0.053 8 0.260 3 0.167 1 - 0.056 0 0.243 2 0.195 5 - 43 2-苯乙基-环丙基甲酸
2-Phenylethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid18.956 4 - 0.231 2 - - - - - - 合计
Total88.266 5 96.341 3 92.751 85.479 2 91.822 8 93.078 3 93.278 80.956 4 注:A为低温冷藏大马士革玫瑰花花水;B为大马士革玫瑰鲜花花水
Note: A is rose water extracted from subzero Rose damascene flowers; B is rose water extracted from Rose damascene fresh flowers表 2 不同收集时段大马士革玫瑰花水香气成分种类数量
Table 2. Distribution of aromatics in R. damascene extracts collected at different time
收集时段
Collection periods种类数量 Types and amount/个 醇类
Alcohols萜烯类
Terpenes醛类
Aldehydes酯类
Esters酮类
Ketones酚类
Phenols烷类
Alkanes其他类
Others合计
TotalA 时段1 First period 8 4 2 3 - 3 2 2 24 时段2 Second period 6 - 2 3 - - 2 2 13 时段3 Third period 5 1 2 1 - - - 2 11 时段4 Fourth period 4 - - - - - - 1 5 B 时段1 First period 7 8 4 4 - 2 1 2 28 时段2 Second period 7 - 2 1 1 - - 2 13 时段3 Third period 6 - 2 1 1 1 1 2 14 时段4 Fourth period 3 - - 1 1 - - - 5 表 3 不同收集时段大马士革玫瑰花水香气成分的种类相对含量
Table 3. Types and relative contents of aromatics in R. damascene extracts collected at different time
收集时段
Collection periods相对含量 Relative percentage/% 醇类
Alcohols萜烯类
Terpenes醛类
Aldehydes酯类
Esters酮类
Ketones酚类
Phenols烷类
Alkanes其他类
Others合计
TotalA 时段1 First period 69.670 6 0.599 2 7.678 9 9.217 2 - 0.388 1 0.587 4 0.125 1 88.266 5 时段2 Second period 85.773 0 - 2.899 8 6.244 4 - - 0.299 3 1.124 8 96.341 3 时段3 Third period 90.303 3 0.283 4 1.445 0 0.245 3 - - - 0.474 0 92.751 0 时段4 Fourth period 84.800 2 - - - - - - 0.679 0 85.479 2 B 时段1 First period 85.311 7 0.778 8 4.844 2 0.299 2 - 0.460 3 0.009 0 0.119 6 91.822 8 时段2 Second period 82.566 0 - 1.025 2 0.263 1 8.545 3 - - 0.678 7 93.078 3 时段3 Third period 90.104 3 - 0.811 9 0.142 6 1.592 9 0.144 9 0.062 4 0.419 0 93.278 0 时段4 Fourth period 51.412 5 - - 0.439 1 29.104 8 - - - 80.956 4 -
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