Minerals in Oolong Tea Germplasms
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摘要:
目的 探明不同乌龙茶种质资源中矿质元素含量特征,明确乌龙茶种质资源的特征矿质元素,筛选出矿质营养高效的种质,为乌龙茶品种创新提供科学依据。 方法 以34份乌龙茶种质资源为试材,测定18种主要矿质元素含量,运用因子分析和聚类分析对矿质元素含量特征进行分析和评价。 结果 18种矿质元素平均含量由高到低次序为K>P>S>Mg>Ca>Mn>Al>Fe>Na>Zn>Ba>Cu>B>Ti>Ni>Cr>Co>Se,变异系数在15.75%~69.43%,遗传多样性指数为1.27~2.21。Shapiro-Wilk检验表明B、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、P、S、Se、Zn等10种元素含量呈正态分布,Al、Ba、Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ti等8种元素含量呈偏态分布。相关性分析表明各元素之间存在复杂的关联性。通过主成分分析,将18种矿质元素综合为5个主成分,代表了18种矿质元素77.40%的信息。聚类分析将34份乌龙茶种质资源分为3类。 结论 34份乌龙茶种质资源中18种矿质元素的组成存在差异,乌龙茶种质资源的特征元素是Mn、Ca、Mg、Al、K、P、S,可分为高P、Zn,低Al、Ca、Mn、Mg类型,高Al、Ca、Mn、Mg、K、S类型和低K、P、S、Zn类型3类。矿质元素富集能力强、矿质营养高效的5份乌龙茶种质是芝兰香、本山、瑞香、铁观音、黄旦,可作为推广栽培、新品种选育和产品开发的优良亲本材料。 Abstract:Objective Characteristics and contents of minerals in Oolong tea germplasms were studied to facilitate the classification, cultivar selection, and new variety breeding on tea plants. Method Contents of 18 minerals in 34 Oolong tea germplasms were determined by ICP-OES, and classified using principal component and cluster analyses. Result The average mineral contents in the specimens were found to be in the order of K>P>S>Mg>Ca>Mn>Al>Fe>Na>Zn>Ba>Cu>B>Ti>Ni>Cr>Co>Se. The coefficients of variation ranged from 15.75% on P to 69.43% on Ti. The average genetic diversity indices varied from 1.27 on Ti to 2.21 on Zn. The contents of B, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, S, Se, and Zn followed the normal distribution pattern, while those of Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ti a skew distribution, according to a W test. The correlations among these minerals were complex. The principal component analysis classified the 18 minerals into 5 groups that covered 77.40% of the total. By the cluster analysis, the 34 tea germplasms were grouped into 3 categories. Conclusion Mainly Mn, Ca, Mg, Al, K, P and S, the mineral compositions in the 34 Oolong tea germplasms differed. Based on their varied contents, the germplasms were classified into 3 types including (a) high P, Zn and low Al, Ca, Mn, Mg, (b) high Al, Ca, Mn, Mg, K, S, and (c) low K, P, S, Zn. Five Oolong teas with high mineral accumulation capacity and nutritional value were Zhilanxiang, Benshan, Ruixiang, Tieguanyin, and Huangdan, which were considered desirable cultivars for large scale cultivation and new variety breeding as well as product development for marketing. -
Key words:
- Oolong tea /
- germplasm /
- minerals /
- cluster analysis /
- principal component analysis
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表 1 供试乌龙茶种质资源基本情况
Table 1. Basic information on Oolong tea germplasms
序号 No. 编号 Code 名称 Name 来源 Origin 序号 No. 编号 Code 名称 Name 来源 Origin 1 OTG01 梅占 Meizhan 福建 Fujian 18 OTG18 紫玫瑰 Zimeigui 福建 Fujian 2 OTG02 毛蟹 Maoxie 福建 Fujian 19 OTG19 大红袍 Dahongpao 福建 Fujian 3 OTG03 铁观音 Tieguanyin 福建 Fujian 20 OTG20 春闺 Chungui 福建 Fujian 4 OTG04 黄旦 Huangdan 福建 Fujian 21 OTG21 秋香 Qiuxiang 福建 Fujian 5 OTG05 福建水仙 Fujianshuixian 福建 Fujian 22 OTG22 矮脚乌龙 Aijiaowulong 福建 Fujian 6 OTG06 本山 Benshan 福建 Fujian 23 OTG23 白毛猴 Baimaohou 福建 Fujian 7 OTG07 大叶乌龙 Dayewulong 福建 Fujian 24 OTG24 赤叶奇兰 Chiyeqilan 福建 Fujian 8 OTG08 茗科1号 Mingkeyihao 福建 Fujian 25 OTG25 青心奇兰 Qingxinqilan 福建 Fujian 9 OTG09 黄观音 Huangguanyin 福建 Fujian 26 OTG26 城门 Chengmen 广东 Guangdong 10 OTG10 丹桂 Dangui 福建 Fujian 27 OTG27 探春香 Tanchunxiang 广东 Guangdong 11 OTG11 春兰 Chunlan 福建 Fujian 28 OTG28 芝兰香 Zhilanxiang 广东 Guangdong 12 OTG12 瑞香 Ruixiang 福建 Fujian 29 OTG29 棕榈香 Zonglüxiang 广东 Guangdong 13 OTG13 金牡丹 Jinmudan 福建 Fujian 30 OTG30 软枝乌龙 Ruanzhiwulong 台湾 Taiwan 14 OTG14 黄玫瑰 Huangmeigui 福建 Fujian 31 OTG31 翠玉 Cuiyu 台湾 Taiwan 15 OTG15 肉桂 Rougui 福建 Fujian 32 OTG32 金萱 Jinxuan 台湾 Taiwan 16 OTG16 佛手 Foshou 福建 Fujian 33 OTG33 青心大冇 Qingxindamao 台湾 Taiwan 17 OTG17 九龙袍 Jiulongpao 福建 Fujian 34 OTG34 青心乌龙 Qingxinwulong 台湾 Taiwan 表 2 乌龙茶种质资源矿质元素含量的基本统计参数和遗传多样性指数
Table 2. Statistic and diversity indices on minerals in Oolong tea germplasms
元素 Elements 平均值 Mean/(mg·kg−1) 范围 Range/(mg·kg−1) 变异系数 CV/% 遗传多样性指数 H' K 9 254.86±1 709.11a 6 411.33~12 680.00 18.47 1.87 P 2 756.54±434.19b 1 531.52~3 495.52 15.75 1.99 S 1 422.59±271.97c 607.45~1 954.45 19.12 1.95 Mg 971.75±190.89d 643.71~1 537.05 19.64 1.99 Ca 955.77±230.80d 569.44~1 582.44 24.15 1.99 Mn 521.56±143.30e 294.84~882.09 27.48 2.05 Al 229.99±99.19f 79.62~558.02 43.13 1.85 Fe 54.96±31.51f 25.71~192.36 57.34 1.41 Na 23.73±6.67f 13.11~42.70 28.10 1.97 Zn 22.75±4.44f 13.40~30.39 19.53 2.21 Ba 6.72±2.80f 3.05~15.15 41.75 1.82 Cu 6.52±1.42f 4.02~10.05 21.79 1.92 B 5.13±1.35f 2.70~8.02 26.40 2.17 Ti 2.64±1.83f 0.88~11.51 69.43 1.27 Ni 1.88±0.59f 0.98~3.59 31.41 2.01 Cr 1.10±0.38f 0.58~2.39 34.48 1.76 Co 0.43±0.20f 0.21~1.01 46.22 1.93 Se 0.24±0.06f 0.09~0.39 28.87 2.19 注:同列数据后面标注不同小写字母表示差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。
Note: After the same column of data, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences(P <0.05).表 3 乌龙茶种质资源矿质元素含量相关性
Table 3. Correlations among minerals in Oolong tea germplasms
元素 Elements Ca K Mg P S Al B Ba Co Cr Cu Fe Mn Na Ni Se Ti Zn Ca 1 K 0.185 1 Mg 0.738** 0.328 1 P −0.237 0.480** −0.042 1 S 0.277 0.582** 0.478** 0.493** 1 Al 0.498** −0.163 0.484** −0.310 −0.009 1 B 0.296 0.263 0.304 0.474** 0.481** 0.112 1 Ba 0.736** 0.114 0.471** −0.333 0.173 0.329 −0.076 1 Co 0.237 −0.071 0.336 −0.311 0.175 0.333 −0.010 0.053 1 Cr 0.295 −0.256 0.157 −0.320 −0.396* 0.542** −0.086 0.284 −0.065 1 Cu 0.438** 0.394* 0.562** 0.375* 0.399* 0.235 0.621** 0.303 −0.105 0.177 1 Fe 0.297 −0.115 0.347* −0.042 0.018 0.829** 0.153 0.088 0.104 0.590** 0.297 1 Mn 0.692** 0.005 0.582** −0.218 0.219 0.671** 0.479** 0.442** 0.419* 0.328 0.454** 0.429* 1 Na 0.270 0.169 0.408* 0.137 0.313 0.225 0.191 0.241 −0.121 0.354* 0.356* 0.342* 0.117 1 Ni 0.336 0.074 0.340* 0.019 0.005 0.196 0.253 0.218 0.019 0.224 0.391* 0.245 0.430* −0.085 1 Se 0.439** 0.362* 0.300 0.262 0.377* 0.235 0.556** 0.205 −0.083 0.127 0.504** 0.212 0.503** 0.137 0.321 1 Ti 0.192 −0.202 0.208 −0.074 −0.089 0.769** 0.073 0.050 0.088 0.622** 0.201 0.948** 0.322 0.261 0.160 0.125 1 Zn −0.002 0.215 0.041 0.508** 0.242 −0.241 0.226 0.012 −0.418* −0.181 0.246 −0.131 −0.190 0.106 0.187 0.227 −0.188 1 注:**表示在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关,*表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关。
Note: **and * mean significant difference at 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively.表 4 乌龙茶种质资源矿质元素的主成分分析
Table 4. Principal component analysis on Oolong tea germplasms
矿质元素 Mineral elements 主成分 Principal component PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 Al(X1) 0.322 −0.261 0.077 0.156 0.023 B(X2) 0.209 0.287 0.110 0.229 −0.260 Ba(X3) 0.230 −0.040 −0.315 −0.455 0.176 Ca(X4) 0.340 0.003 −0.285 −0.208 0.033 Co(X5) 0.101 −0.145 −0.393 0.495 −0.005 Cr(X6) 0.206 −0.293 0.256 −0.276 0.034 Cu(X7) 0.291 0.238 0.113 −0.086 −0.058 Fe(X8) 0.290 −0.208 0.355 0.179 0.064 K(X9) 0.089 0.360 −0.077 0.036 0.204 Mg(X10) 0.334 0.079 −0.216 0.012 0.186 Mn(X11) 0.351 −0.061 −0.193 0.109 −0.258 Na(X12) 0.189 0.060 0.190 −0.121 0.577 Ni(X13) 0.199 0.039 0.006 −0.21 −0.518 P(X14) −0.012 0.403 0.327 0.169 0.013 S(X15) 0.158 0.358 −0.129 0.274 0.263 Se(X16) 0.247 0.213 0.056 −0.036 −0.264 Ti(X17) 0.242 −0.254 0.386 0.180 0.060 Zn(X18) −0.002 0.310 0.204 −0.320 −0.071 特征值 Eigen value 5.453 3.647 2.025 1.459 1.348 方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate/% 30.293 20.262 11.247 8.107 7.489 累积方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution rate/% 30.293 50.555 61.803 69.909 77.399 表 5 34份乌龙茶种质资源矿质元素各主成分得分及排序
Table 5. Principal components, comprehensive scores and ranking of 34 Oolong tea germplasms
编号 Code 主成分 Principal Components 综合得分 Score 排序 Sorting Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 OTG01 −1.335 1.471 0.754 −0.233 −0.994 −0.148 20 OTG02 2.600 0.776 0.979 0.746 −1.263 1.318 6 OTG03 4.492 0.143 −3.152 2.636 −2.458 1.375 4 OTG04 1.658 1.912 0.459 0.193 1.127 1.345 5 OTG05 −0.571 1.411 0.171 0.700 −0.231 0.222 12 OTG06 4.201 1.941 1.352 −0.174 −1.176 2.215 2 OTG07 2.700 −6.115 3.753 2.372 1.163 0.360 10 OTG08 −3.770 −0.126 0.838 0.053 −1.262 −1.502 32 OTG09 −2.992 0.477 −0.675 0.172 0.292 −1.097 29 OTG10 −1.287 −0.436 0.519 −1.114 −1.040 −0.760 24 OTG11 −0.030 1.460 −0.863 0.229 −1.634 0.111 16 OTG12 1.300 3.176 0.226 0.646 0.177 1.458 3 OTG13 −1.312 0.703 0.433 0.168 1.167 −0.135 19 OTG14 0.183 1.099 −0.019 0.417 1.924 0.587 9 OTG15 −0.828 1.367 0.646 0.651 −0.709 0.128 15 OTG16 −3.042 0.537 −0.419 1.795 0.629 −0.860 26 OTG17 −2.730 0.352 0.516 0.083 −0.859 −0.975 28 OTG18 −3.610 −1.247 0.081 0.178 0.984 −1.612 34 OTG19 0.356 0.200 −2.149 0.885 2.000 0.167 14 OTG20 −1.538 0.749 −0.204 0.379 1.132 −0.285 21 OTG21 −3.591 −0.356 0.123 −1.233 0.475 −1.563 33 OTG22 0.112 −1.481 −1.943 1.200 −0.030 −0.503 22 OTG23 −2.655 −0.634 −0.331 0.530 −0.002 −1.197 31 OTG24 2.113 −0.307 2.215 −0.434 −0.508 0.972 7 OTG25 0.790 −3.906 1.642 −1.606 −1.507 −0.791 25 OTG26 0.979 −1.393 −2.495 −2.009 −0.482 −0.602 23 OTG27 1.002 −3.752 −2.901 −0.916 −0.001 −1.108 30 OTG28 5.153 2.200 0.367 −1.087 2.582 2.781 1 OTG29 2.531 −1.145 −1.137 −3.233 1.120 0.294 11 OTG30 −0.947 0.845 0.991 −0.722 0.299 −0.052 17 OTG31 0.950 0.737 0.545 0.618 0.328 0.740 8 OTG32 −0.280 1.399 0.395 −1.006 −0.068 0.202 13 OTG33 −0.334 −2.817 −1.362 0.786 0.304 −0.954 27 OTG34 −0.269 0.761 0.645 −1.671 −1.477 −0.131 18 表 6 不同类群间矿质元素含量比较
Table 6. Mineral contents of 3 clusters of germplasms
元素 Elements 类群Ⅰ Cluster Ⅰ 类群Ⅱ Cluster Ⅱ 类群Ⅲ Cluster Ⅲ 平均值 Mean/ (mg·kg−1) 变异系数 CV/% 平均值 Mean/ (mg·kg−1) 变异系数 CV/% 平均值 Mean/ (mg·kg−1) 变异系数 CV/% Al 177.37±55.55 b 31.32 316.63±35.69 a 11.28 313.97±122.93 a 39.16 B 5.07±1.18 b 23.30 7.05±0.68 a 9.68 4.10±0.72 b 17.78 Ba 5.56±1.78 b 32.05 7.82±2.12 ab 27.18 9.06±3.78 a 41.71 Ca 851.39±158.88 b 18.66 1 163.60±235.33 a 20.22 1 099.87±245.11 a 22.29 Co 0.37±0.10 b 27.39 0.46±0.32 ab 69.76 0.58±0.24 a 42.67 Cr 0.91±0.14 b 16.19 1.30±0.27 a 21.02 1.47±0.54 a 36.74 Cu 6.23±1.23 b 19.79 8.61±1.42 a 16.51 5.98±0.58 b 9.83 Fe 42.15±14.70 b 34.88 85.43±12.52 a 14.66 69.56±50.75 ab 72.96 K 9 521.81±1 577.45 a 16.57 10 473.09±1 867.10 a 17.83 7 792.72±975.74 b 12.52 Mg 892.23±145.00 b 16.25 1 176.11±233.01 a 19.81 1 052.77±156.18 ab 14.84 Mn 444.06±104.14 b 23.45 709.79±109.73 a 15.46 607.35±84.86 a 13.97 Na 22.58±6.08 a 26.94 27.91±10.67 a 38.23 24.15±4.73 a 19.58 Ni 1.74±0.54 b 31.43 2.63±0.36 a 13.82 1.81±0.51 b 28.16 P 2 939.82±303.62 a 10.33 2 864.28±293.65 a 10.25 2 208.10±351.09 b 15.90 S 1 428.96±203.89 ab 14.27 1 677.94±197.86 a 11.79 1 246.30±354.04 b 28.41 Se 0.23±0.06 b 26.90 0.32±0.05 a 15.34 0.21±0.06 b 28.41 Ti 1.91±0.49 b 25.63 4.17±0.73 a 17.61 3.59±3.25 a 90.55 Zn 24.11±4.14 a 17.21 22.36±5.56 ab 24.89 19.43±2.82 b 14.52 注:同行数据后面标注不同小写字母表示差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。
Note: After the same row of data, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences( P <0.05). -
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