福建乡村两种典型桃园管理模式能值分析

罗旭辉; 杜理旺; 陈华; 刘岑薇; GordonWuchye Price; 刘朋虎; 张见明; 翁伯琦

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.01.015

福建乡村两种典型桃园管理模式能值分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.01.015

1.
福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所，福建　福州　350013
2.
福建省农业科学院，福建　福州　350003
3.
福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点试验室，福建　福州　350013
4.
Department of Engineering，Faculty of Agriculture，Dalhousie University　B2N 5E3 Canada
5.
国家菌草工程技术研究中心，福建　福州　350002
6.
武夷学院生态与资源工程学院，福建　武夷山　353400

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2017R1016-3）；中央引导地方科技发展项目（2019L3012）；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目（STIT2017-3-8）

详细信息

作者简介:
罗旭辉（1979−），男，副研究员，研究方向：水土保持技术与农业面源污染治理（E-mail：xuhui22203@163.com）

中图分类号: F 326.13
计量
- 文章访问数: 1345
- HTML全文浏览量: 533
- PDF下载量: 25
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-31
- 修回日期: 2019-12-16
- 刊出日期: 2020-01-01

Emergy Analysis on Two Typical Peach Cultivation Modes at Villages in Fujian

1.
Institute of Agricultural Ecology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China
3.
Fujian Key Laboratory on Ecological Processes of Hilly Agriculture in Red Soil Region, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
4.
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University　B2N5E3, Canada
5.
China National Engineering Research Center for Juncao Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
6.
College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyisan, Fujian　353400, China

摘要

摘要: 目的福建宁德市山区水蜜桃产业对乡村产业振兴具有重要意义，但也面临生态保护与高效生产之间的矛盾。为寻求高效、生态的桃园绿色发展路径，深入理解生草管理模式对桃园生态经济系统的影响机制，本研究以村为研究尺度，科学评价典型桃园的生态经济效益。方法选择古田县赖墩村（桃园生草）、福安市虎头村（桃园清耕），应用能值法综合比较2017—2018年两种栽培模式的桃园生态系统能值总投入、能值自给率、能值投资率、净能值产出率、环境负载率、可持续发展指数、能值反馈率。结果 2017—2018年赖墩村和虎头村桃园的能值总投入分别为1.16×10¹⁶、2.36×10¹⁶ sej·hm⁻²，能值自给率为0.166、0.102，能值投资率为5.030、8.823，净能值产出率为1.199、1.113，环境负载率为0.425、0.410，可持续发展指数2.822、2.716，能值反馈率为0.072、0.026。虎头村桃园同步投入大量劳动力、有机肥和化肥保持较低的环境负载率。赖墩村桃园通过生草与就近施用沼液，提高能值反馈率，化肥能值投入减少57.2%，万元产值的能值消耗节约46.32%。结论桃园生草配施沼液是值得拓展与集成推广的高效低耗的绿色生产模式。
- 果园 /
- 生草 /
- 能值 /
- 生态经济系统 /
- 评价
Abstract: Objective An analysis on balancing the ecological and economic benefits of peach orchard operations was conducted at the poverty-stricken areas in Ningde, Fujian Province to evaluate the grass-growing vs. ground-clearing practices for sustainable peach cultivation at a village scale. Method A method of analyzing emergy consumption was applied to compare the grass-growing(located at Laidun Village, Gutian County) and ground-clearing(located in Hutou Village, Fu’an County) modes practiced at peach orchards, in Fujian Province, by calculating indices of total emergy input (T), emergy self-sufficiency ratio (ESR), emergy investment ration (EIR), emergy yield ratio (EYR), environmental load ratio (ELR), emergy sustainable index (ESI), and emergy feedback rate (FYE) . Result The 2017–2018 indicators of the grass-growing and ground-clearing modes, respectively, were T at 1.16×10¹⁶ and 2.36×10¹⁶ sej·hm⁻², ESR at 0.166 and 0.102; EIR at 5.030 and 8.823; EYR at 1.199 and 1.113; ELR at 0.425 and 0.410; ESI at 2.822 and 2.716; and, FYE at 0.072 and 0.026. The ground-clearing peach cultivation at Hutou employed greater inputs on both labor and organic/chemical fertilizers to resulted in a slightly lower ELR than its counterpart. In contrast, at Laidun, where grass-growing and utilization of methane were applied, led to a significantly higher FYE than at Hutou owing to a reduced demand on chemical fertilizer and emergy inputs by 57.2%. In addition, a significant 46.32% saving on emergy consumption per 10 000 RMB output of the crop was realized at Laidun. Conclusion Management of the peach orchard through grass-growing, combined with using methane liquid, has merits as an efficient and ecologically sustainable approach in the hilly villages of Ningde City.
- orchard /
- grass-growing /
- emergy /
- ecological and economic system /
- evaluation

HTML全文

图 1 赖墩村（桃园生草）、虎头村（桃园清耕）桃园能值流动分析

Figure 1. Emergy fluxes at Laidun(grass-growing) and Hutou(ground-clearing) peach orchards (sej·hm⁻²)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 赖墩村（桃园生草）、虎头村（桃园清耕）桃园栽培模式肥料、劳动力投入

Table 1. Fertilizer and labor inputs at Laidun(grass-growing) and Hutou(ground-clearing) peach orchards

项目 Items	赖敦村 Laidun Village/(sej·hm⁻²)	虎头村 Hutou Village/(sej·hm⁻²)	节约幅度/%
化肥 Chemical fertilizer	1.87×10¹⁵	4.37×10¹⁵	−57.2
有机肥 Organic fertilizer	3.90×10¹⁵	9.07×10¹⁵	−57.0
劳动力 Labor Force	3.20×10¹⁵	5.29×10¹⁵	−39.5

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 赖墩村（桃园生草）、虎头村（桃园清耕）桃园栽培模式的能值投入和产出

Table 2. Emergy input and product output at Laidun(grass-growing) and Hutou(ground-clearing) peach orchards

项目 Items	能值转换率 Emergy conversion rate	投入/产出原始数据 Input and output primary data		太阳能值 Solar emergy
项目 Items	能值转换率 Emergy conversion rate	赖墩村 Laidun Village	虎头村 Hutou Village	赖墩村 Laidun Village	虎头村 Hutou Village
可更新环境资源(R) Renewable natural resources				8.66×10¹⁴	8.66×10¹⁴
太阳能 Solar energy/J	1.00	4.72×10¹³	4.72×10¹³	4.72×10¹³	4.72×10¹³
雨水化学能 Rainfall chemical energy/J	1.17×10⁴	7.00×10¹⁰	7.00×10¹⁰	8.19×10¹⁴	8.19×10¹⁴
不可更新环境资源(N) Nonrenewable natural resources				1.06×10¹⁵	2.00×10¹⁵
表层土损耗能 Energy loss of surface soil/J	8.46×10⁴	1.70×10¹⁰	4.47×10¹⁰	1.06×10¹⁵	2.00×10¹⁵
生产用水 Production water/g	6.81×10⁴	3.75×10⁷	1.72×10⁵	2.55×10¹²	1.17×10¹⁰
工业辅助能(F) Industrial auxiliary energy				2.61×10¹⁵	6.37×10¹⁵
化肥氮素 Nitrogen of chemical fertilizer/g	3.50×10⁹	1.02×10⁵	2.39×10⁵	3.57×10¹⁴	8.35×10¹⁴
化肥磷素 Phosphorus of chemical fertilizer/g	1.35×10¹⁰	1.02×10⁵	2.31×10⁵	1.38×10¹⁵	3.12×10¹⁵
化肥钾素 Potassium of chemical fertilizer/g	1.32×10⁹	1.02×10⁵	3.12×10⁵	1.35×10¹⁴	4.12×10¹⁴
纸袋 Kraft paper bag/元	7.46×10¹²	2.69×10²	2.69×10²	7.46×10¹⁴	2.01×10¹⁵
农药 Pesticides/g	1.49×10⁷	1.97×10³	1.97×10³	2.94×10¹⁰	2.94×10¹⁰
可更新有机能(R₁) Renewable organic energy				7.10×10¹⁵	1.44×10¹⁶
劳力 Labor force/ (d·人)	3.55×10¹³	90.0	1.49	3.20×10¹⁵	5.29×10¹⁵
有机肥氮素 Nitrogen of organic fertilizer/g	3.50×10⁹	2.39×10⁵	1.65×10⁵	8.35×10¹⁴	5.78×10¹⁴
有机肥磷素 Phosphorus of organic fertilizer/g	1.35×10¹⁰	2.12×10⁴	6.00×10⁴	2.86×10¹⁴	8.10×10¹⁴
有机肥钾素 Potassium of organic fertilizer/g	1.32×10⁹	1.50×10⁵	9.30×10⁴	1.98×10¹⁴	1.23×10¹⁴
有机肥有机质 Organic matter of organic fertilizer/J	4.47×10⁴	1.38×10¹⁰	7.87×10¹⁰	2.58×10¹⁵	7.56×10¹⁵
系统反馈能(R₀) Feedback energy				6.98×10¹⁴	6.54×10¹⁴
草和桃树枝条折算氮肥 Nitrogen in grass and branch waste/g	3.50×10⁹	1.28×10⁵	1.20×10⁵	4.49×10¹⁴	4.21×10¹⁴
草和桃树枝条折算磷肥 Phosphorus in grass and branch waste/g	1.35×10¹⁰	1.14×10⁴	1.07×10⁴	1.54×10¹⁴	1.44×10¹⁴
草和桃树枝条折算钾肥 Potassium in grass and branch waste/g	1.32×10⁹	7.14×10⁴	6.69×10⁴	9.42×10¹³	8.84×10¹³
总投入(T) Total input				1.16×10¹⁶	2.36×10¹⁶
产出(Y) Yield				1.16×10¹⁶	2.36×10¹⁶
注：能值转换率单位为sej·J⁻¹或sej·g⁻¹或sej·元⁻¹或sej·d⁻¹·人⁻¹；太阳能值单位为sej·hm⁻²。 Note: Unit for emergy conversion rate is sej·J⁻¹或sej·g⁻¹或sej·元⁻¹或sej·d⁻¹·人⁻¹, and solar emergy is sej·hm⁻².

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 赖墩村（桃园生草）、虎头村（桃园清耕）桃园栽培模式的能值指标

Table 3. Emergy indexes at Laidun(grass-growing) and Hutou(ground-clearing) peach orchards

能值指标 Emergy indicator	表达式 Expressions	赖墩村 Laidun Village	虎头村 Hutou Village
能值自给率（ESR） Emergy self-sufficiency ratio	(R+N)/T	0.166	0.102
能值投资率（EIR） Emergy investment ratio	(F+R₁)/(R+N)	5.030	8.823
净能值产出率（EYR） Emergy yield ratio	Y/(F+R₁)	1.199	1.113
环境负载率（ELR） Environmental load ratio	(F+N)/(R+R₁+R₀)	0.425	0.410
可持续发展指数（ESI） Environmental sustainability index	EYR/ELR	2.822	2.716
能值反馈率（FYE）Emergy feedback ratio	R₀/(F+R₁)	0.072	0.026

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 赖墩村（桃园生草）、虎头村（桃园清耕）桃园栽培模式年平均产量、产值

Table 4. Average annual product yields and values at Laidun(grass-growing) and Hutou(ground-clearing) peach orchards

项目 Items	赖墩村 Laidun Village		虎头村 Hutou Village
项目 Items	产量 Yields/(t·hm⁻²)	产值 Product value/(万元·hm⁻²)	产量 Yields/(t·hm⁻²)	产值 Product value/(万元·hm⁻²)
精品果 Top quality level	7.50	12.00	1.50	3.15
普通果 Common level	9.00	9.00	15.0	24.75
次果 Unqualified level	1.50	0.30	0.75	0.85
小计 Total	18.00	21.30	27.25	28.26

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 赖墩村（桃园生草）、虎头村（桃园清耕）桃园单位经济产值的能值消耗量

Table 5. Emergy consumption per economic output at Laidun(grass-growing) and Hutou(ground-clearing) peach orchards

项目 Items	赖墩村 Laidun Village	虎头村 Hutou Village
单位产值的总能值消耗量 Total emergy input of product(sej·万元⁻¹)	5.46×10¹⁴	8.36×10¹⁴
单位产值的可更新能值消耗量 Renewable emergy consumption of product(sej·万元⁻¹)	3.74×10¹⁴	5.40×10¹⁴
单位产值的不可更新能值消耗量 Nonrenewable emergy consumption of product(sej·万元⁻¹)	1.72×10¹⁴	2.96×10¹⁴
注：单位产值的能值总消耗量=T/产值，单位产值的可更新能值消耗量=(R+R₁)/产值，单位产值的不可更新能值消耗量=(N+F)/产值。 Note: Total emergy consumption per unit of product value = T/product value; renewable emergy consumption per unit of product value = (R+R₁)/product value; nonrenewable emergy consumption per unit of product value = (N+F)/product value.

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(9)

[1]	罗旭辉, 高承芳, 刘朋虎, 等. 山区畲族村精准脱贫及绿色振兴研究: 以福鼎市磻溪镇赤溪村为例 [J]. 福建农林大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2019, 22(2):1−8. LUO X H, GAO C F, LIU P H, et al. Poverty alleviation and rural green vitalization of She village: Case study on Chixi village, Pangxi town, Fuding City [J]. Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2019, 22(2): 1−8.(in Chinese)
[2]	CASTELLINI C, BOGGIA A, CORTINA C, et al. A multicriteria approach for measuring the sustainability of different poultry production systems [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2012, 37: 192−201. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.07.006
[3]	WILFART A, PRUDHOMME J, BLANCHETON J P, et al. LCA and emergy accounting of aquaculture systems: Towards ecological intensification [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2013, 121: 96−109.
[4]	黄文德, 牛俊义, 高玉红, 等. 退耕还草区农业生态系统能值动态分析: 以甘肃省镇原县北庄村为例 [J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2008, 26(1):112−117. HUANG W D, NIU J Y, GAO Y H, et al. Dynamic analysis of emergy for agro-ecosystem in the region of cropland to grassland conversion: a case study of Beizhuang Village, Zhenyuan County in Gansu Province [J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2008, 26(1): 112−117.(in Chinese)
[5]	段娜, 林聪, 刘晓东, 等. 以沼气为纽带的生态村循环系统能值分析 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(S1):261−268. DUAN N, LIN C, LIU X D, et al. Energy analysis of biogas-linked eco-village circulating system [J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2015, 31(S1): 261−268.(in Chinese)
[6]	朱丽. 黄土高原沟壑区两个尺度的农果复合型生态系统能值分析[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2014. ZHU L. Energy analysis of crop-fruit ecological system in two scales gully region of loess plateau[D]. Yangling, China: Northwest A & F University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[7]	BROWN M T, ULGIATI S. Updated evaluation of exergy and emergy driving the geobiosphere: a review and refinement of the emergy baseline [J]. Ecological Modelling, 2010, 221(20): 2501−2508. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.06.027
[8]	YANG Z F, JIANG M M, CHEN B, et al. Solar emergy evaluation for Chinese economy [J]. Energy Policy, 2010, 38(2): 875−886. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.10.038
[9]	蓝盛芳, 钦佩, 陆宏芳. 生态经济系统能值分析[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2002.