Microbial Community and Diversity in Specialty Teas from Fujian
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摘要:
目的 探明福建特色茶叶中的细菌群落结构特征，以及细菌群落结构在不同种类茶叶间的分布情况。 方法 采集福建特色茶叶大红袍、铁观音、花茶共15组样品，通过16S rRNA高通量测序，对不同种类茶叶中细菌的群落结构进行解析。 结果 经过高通量测序以及统计分析，最终共获得11 472个OTU，包括37个门，95个纲，150个目，207个科，277个属。比较3种茶叶，发现大红袍在物种丰度上要高于铁观音与花茶，花茶的物种多样性要高于大红袍与铁观音，且同为乌龙茶的大红袍与铁观音在细菌群落结构上更为相似。在属水平上，10组大红袍样本中共有的优势属为乳球菌属、双歧杆菌属及拟杆菌属，2组花茶样本中共有的优势属为拟杆菌属，3组铁观音中共有的优势菌属为乳球菌属与双歧杆菌属。其中，丰度前10的优势属中有5个为乳酸菌。通过共现网络分析，表明乳酸菌与其显著相关的大部分物种呈互利生长的关系。 结论 大红袍与铁观音的优势菌纲为芽孢杆菌纲和放线菌纲，花茶的优势菌纲为梭状芽胞杆菌纲与拟杆菌纲。比较3种茶叶的细菌群落结构，发现茶叶种类可能是影响细菌群落结构变化的重要因素之一，且乳酸菌在3种茶叶中均为主要优势细菌。 Abstract:Objective Diversity and distribution of the microbial communities in the specialty teas produced in Fujian were studied. Method Fifteen groups of well-known local teas in the province were collected for an analysis based on the high-throughput sequencing targeting 16S rRNA gene. Result A total of 11 472 OTUs encompassing 37 phyla, 95 classes, 150 orders, 207 families, and 277 genera were isolated from the specimens. In the 3 categories, Dahongpao had the greatest richness on species; the Huacha was the most diversified; and, as oolong teas, Dahongpao and Tieguanyin had a similar microbial structure. In 10 groups of Dahongpao samples, the dominant genera were Lactococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides; that in 2 groups of Huacha, Bacteroides; and those in 3 groups of Tieguanyin, Lactococcus and Bifidobacterium. Five of the top 10 dominant genera in the teas were lactic acid bacteria. According to the co-occurrence analysis on network, the lactic acid bacteria exhibited a synergistic growth relationship with most of the other significantly associated species. Conclusion Bacilli and Actinobacteria were the predominant bacteria found in Dahongpao and Tieguanyin, while Clostridia and Bacteroidia in Huacha. A bacterial taxonomy analysis indicated that tea category differentiated the structure of their bacterial communities. Overall, lactic acid bacteria dominantly existed in these teas produced in Fujian. -
Key words:
- tea /
- microbial community structure /
- 16S rRNA /
- high throughput sequencing
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图 2 15组样品在纲水平上的群落结构
Figure 2. Community structure at class level in 15 tea sample groups
图 3 15组样品在属水平上的群落结构
Figure 3. Community structure at genus level in 15 tea sample groups
图 4 15组样品细菌群落结构非度量多维尺度分析
Figure 4. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling on microbial communities in 15 tea sample groups
图 5 15组样品的物种丰度聚类热分析
Figure 5. Cluster heatmap of species abundance of microbial communities in 15 tea sample groups
图 6 线性判别分析(LDA)(a)及LEfSe分析(b)
Figure 6. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) (a) and LEfSe analysis (b)
图 7 目水平上相关性前100物种的关联网络分析
Figure 7. Associative network diagram of first 100 species at order level
表 1 15组样品的测序统计结果与Alpha多样性指数
Table 1. Statistics on sequencing and alpha diversity indices of 15 tea sample groups
样品
SampleOTUs 统计结果 OTUs statistics 多样性指数 Diversity index 样品序列数
Sample SizeOTUs数目
OTUs No.OTUs序列数
OTUs Seq香农指数
Shannon辛普森指数
SimpsonChao1指数
Chao1物种丰富度
Observed Species覆盖度 Good's Coverage/% DHP01 135 571 786 120 856 4.812 a 0.881 a 764.350 a 566.333 a 99.4 a DHP02 137 093 840 120 902 4.674 a 0.869 a 826.814 a 590.667 a 99.3 a DHP03 131 607 1 154 116 546 5.834 a 0.940 a 1 160.929 a 821.667 a 99.0 a DHP04 135 649 868 120 950 5.921 a 0.947 a 821.182 a 642.333 a 99.4 a DHP05 137 637 922 121 189 4.941 a 0.873 a 918.760 a 625.667 a 99.3 a DHP06 130 334 830 115 224 5.548 a 0.936 a 786.825 a 590.667 a 99.4 a DHP07 134 957 698 120 356 4.468 a 0.856 a 626.202 a 500.333 a 99.5 a DHP08 114 134 804 95 325 5.621 a 0.920 a 778.539 a 624.000 a 99.4 a DHP09 123 240 672 108 448 4.873 a 0.883 a 650.761 a 522.333 a 99.5 a DHP10 137 220 947 122 884 5.077 a 0.895 a 910.136 a 679.333 a 99.2 a H01 119 468 628 86 562 5.867 a 0.948 a 587.594 a 517.667 a 99.7 a H02 117 039 513 104 593 5.366 a 0.908 a 505.416 a 437.667 a 99.8 a T01 114 298 642 98 978 4.682 a 0.875 a 601.000 a 507.667 a 99.6 a T02 110 810 613 89 148 4.992 a 0.913 a 614.176 a 486.000 a 99.6 a T03 103 525 555 77 016 4.894 a 0.888 a 554.331 a 468.667 a 99.7 a 注：表中的OTUs是相似性大于97%的有效OTUs，且已经注释；不同小写字母表示不同样品间达到显著性差异（P＜0.05）。
Note: OTUs are valid and annotated OTUs with similarity greater than 97%; and data with different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between samples (P＜0.05).
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