Field Monitoring on Invasion of and Insecticide Efficacy on Spodoptera frugiperda in Fujian
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摘要:
目的 明确草地贪夜蛾在福建省的入侵动态及应急药剂防治技术。 方法 通过田间实地调查，开展福建省玉米草地贪夜蛾发生与为害监测；利用茎叶喷雾法开展杀虫剂田间药效试验评价。 结果 2019年5月6日，福建省首次发现草地贪夜蛾在玉米上发生为害，随后全省多地陆续发现草地贪夜蛾侵入为害，截至11月4日，草地贪夜蛾在福建省的寄主范围仅限于为害玉米，共有53个县（市、区）发生草地贪夜蛾，累计发生面积达646.23 hm2；药效试验结果表明，氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威、乙基多杀菌素、虫螨腈、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、高效氯氟氰菊酯对草地贪夜蛾具有良好的田间防效，药后3 d、10 d的防效分别为88.08%～91.46%和91.41%～94.01%，可以有效控制草地贪夜蛾的发生为害。 结论 草地贪夜蛾已侵入福建省并在玉米上发生为害；氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威、乙基多杀菌素、虫螨腈、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、高效氯氟氰菊酯等6种杀虫剂可作为草地贪夜蛾应急防治的理想药剂。 Abstract:Objective Real-time continuous monitoring on the invasion of fall armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda) and the insecticide control efficacy in corn fields in Fujian. Method Based on field surveys, a program was designed to continuously monitor the pest invasion and the efficacies of various insecticides. Selected insecticides were sprayed on the stems and leaves of corn plants in the field for the evaluation. Result Fall armyworm infestation was first reported on corn plants in the province on May 6, 2019. Then it spread to many areas, and by November 4, although only corn crops were affected, the disease had affected 53 counties with a total of 646.23 hectares of corn field. The insecticides, including chlorantraniliprole, indoxair conditioningarb, spinetoram, chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, and lambda-cyhalothrin, were tested in the field and found effective in controlling further spread. After application, these agents displayed an efficacy between 88.08% and 91.46% in 3 d, and between 91.41% and 94.01% in 10 d. Conclusion Fall armyworms damaged the corn crops in the province and could currently be controlled by using insecticides as tested. -
Key words:
- Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) /
- bioinvasion /
- dynamic /
- monitoring /
- pesticide /
- control
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图 1 草地贪夜蛾幼虫田间为害玉米的典型症状
注：A是为害嫩叶典型症状；B是为害心叶典型症状；C是为害生长点典型症状；D是为害幼嫩茎秆典型症状；E是为害雄穗典型症状；F是为害果穗典型症状。
Figure 1. Typical symptoms on corn plants infested by fall armyworm larvae
Note: A is A typical symptom of damage to tender leaves, B is typical symptom of damage to heart leaves, C is typical symptom of damage to growth point, D is typical symptom of damage to tender stem, E is typical symptom of damage to male ear, F is typical symptom of damage to corn ear.
图 2 福建省草地贪夜蛾发生区域数量动态趋势(2019年)
Figure 2. Number of counties affected by fall armyworms in Fujian in 2019
图 3 福建省玉米草地贪夜蛾发生面积动态趋势(2019年)
Figure 3. Areas of corn field affected by fall armyworms in Fujian in 2019
表 1 草地贪夜蛾幼虫危害玉米的主要特性
Table 1. Characteristic damage on corn plants by fall armyworm larvae
虫态
Worm state为害部位
Damage site为害特点
Hazard characteristics为害症状描述
Description of symptoms1-3龄幼虫
1-3 instar larvae嫩叶 啃食鲜嫩叶片叶肉 被啃食部位仅留下表皮呈现半透明薄膜“窗孔”、薄膜破裂后呈不规则长条形不规则缺刻（图1-A） 4-6龄幼虫
4-6 instar larvae心叶 钻蛀咬食为害心叶 钻蛀咬食卷曲心叶和茎杆顶端幼嫩部分，形成钻蛀虫孔和不规则虫道，剥开卷曲心叶可见被咬食部位呈破烂状，并残留大量褐绿色粪便，玉米幼苗期生长点被咬食会造成植株枯死，被蛀食的心叶展开后呈现大型不规则的缺刻或孔洞（图1-B、图1-C） 雄穗 钻蛀咬食雄穗 抽雄初期从顶部或雄穗幼嫩苞叶钻蛀进入咬食花穗，苞叶展开后呈不规则的缺刻孔洞，被咬食花穗形成不规则咬食虫道并残留有大量褐绿色粪便（图1-D） 果穗 钻蛀咬食果穗 抽雄后幼虫转移钻进入果穗顶部玉米须取食然后钻蛀进入果穗咬食果粒，并残留大量褐绿色粪便（图1-F） 
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表 2 几种杀虫剂对玉米草地贪夜蛾1-2龄幼虫的田间防治效果（建瓯市，2019年）
Table 2. Control efficacy of insecticides against 1-2 instar larvae of fall armyworms in corn fields at Jianou City in 2019
药剂名称
Pesticides浓度
Dosage/(mL·hm−2)虫口基数
Insects base药后3 d
3 d after trial药后7 d
7 d after trial药后10 d
10 d after trial活虫数
Survival防效
Efficacy/%活虫数
Survival防效
Efficacy/%活虫数
Survival防效
Efficacy/%氯虫苯甲酰胺
Chlorantraniliprole150 31.00 3.00 91.47 a 2.00 93.13 a 1.33 93.82 a 茚虫威
Indoxair conditioningarb300 32.67 4.33 88.08 a 2.67 90.81 ab 1.67 92.65 a 乙基多杀菌素
Spinetoram300 29.00 3.33 89.67 a 2.33 90.93 ab 1.33 93.35 a 虫螨腈 Chlorfenapyr 450 30.33 3.67 89.21 a 2.33 91.44 ab 1.33 93.74 a 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐
Emamectin Benzoate600 31.67 3.33 91.46 a 1.67 94.02 a 1.33 94.01 a 高效氯氟氰菊酯
Iambda-cyhalothrin150 28.00 3.67 88.24 a 2.67 89.40 b 1.67 91.41 a 除虫脲 Diflubenzuron 1 200 28.67 6.67 78.91 b 4.00 84.30 c 2.67 86.44 b 苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒
Autographa californica NPV1 8002 26.67 9.33 68.38 c 4.33 81.52 c 3.00 83.92 b 空白对照
Blank control/ 28.00 31.33 / 25.00 / 19.33 / 注：数据为3次重复的平均值，同列数据不同字母表示经Duncan氏新复极差法检验在P=0.05水平下的差异显著性。
Note: Data are average of three replicates. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference at P=0.05 level by Duncan’s new multiple range test.
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