饥饿和不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼生长的影响

钟全福

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.12.008

饥饿和不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼生长的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.12.008

钟全福

福建省淡水水产研究所，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2015R1002-1、2016R1002-1、2017R1002-2）

详细信息

作者简介:
钟全福（1964−），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事水产养殖及病害防控（E-mail：zhongquanfu@126.com）

中图分类号: S 965
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-09-29
- 修回日期: 2019-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-01

Effects of Starvation and Starting Forages on Growth of Mastacembelue armatus Larvae

ZHONG Quan-fu

Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究饥饿胁迫和不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼摄食、生长和成活率的影响，为大刺鳅早期苗种培育技术的改进提供参考依据。方法采用实验生态学方法，测定饥饿对初孵仔鱼卵黄囊、油球的吸收和死亡不可逆点（PNR）；选用枝角类、丰年虫无节幼体、蛋黄、虾奶粉和A^#鱼苗开口料作为大刺鳅仔鱼开口饵料，投喂24 d，分析不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼生长的影响。结果在水温（27.0±1.5）℃的条件下，仔鱼6日龄开口摄食，初次摄食率达100%，PNR发生在14～15日龄，其摄食能力和饥饿耐受性相对较强，饥饿延缓了仔鱼对卵黄囊和油球的吸收；仔鱼能够摄食枝角类和丰年虫无节幼体等活饵，投喂1 d后的开口摄食率达100%，且具有较快的生长速度和较高的成活率；而仔鱼不摄食蛋黄、虾奶粉和A^#鱼苗开口料等人工饵料，其生长、成活率与饥饿组无差异（P＞0.05）。结论枝角类和丰年虫无节幼体是大刺鳅仔鱼适宜的开口饵料。
- 大刺鳅 /
- 仔鱼 /
- 饥饿 /
- 开口饵料 /
- 摄食率 /
- 生长 /
- 成活率
Abstract: Objective Effects of starvation stress and different initial starting forages on the feeding, growth and survival rate of Mastacembelue armatus larvae were studied with a reference to the aquaculture. Method Absorptions on yolk sac and fat globules as well as the point of no return (PNR) of starved larvae were observed by methods of experimental ecology. Eel larvae fed with either freshwater cladocera, nauplius of brine shrimp, egg yolk, crustacean powder or prepared Larvstart-A formulation for 24 d were also under continuous observations． Result The feeding started on the eel larvae at 6-day-old in (27.0±1.5)℃water with an initial feeding rate of 100%. The PNR of starved larvae occurred between 14-d and 15-d of age. Starvation delayed the absorptions on yolk sac and fat globules by the larvae. The consumption on live freshwater cladocera and shrimp nauplius began one day after feeding with 100% feeding rate, and followed by rapid growth with a high survival rate. There was no significant difference on the growth and survival rate between the starved larvae and those fed on the artificial forages such as egg yolk, crustacean powder or Larvstart-A (P＞0.05), which were could not be consumed. Conclusion It appeared that the ideal starting diet for M. armatus larvae would be the freshwater cladocera and brine shrimp nauplius.
- Masracembelue armatu /
- larvae /
- starvation /
- starting forage /
- feeding rate /
- growth /
- survival rate

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图 1 大刺鳅仔鱼的初次摄食率

Figure 1. Initial feeding rates of M. armatus larvae

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图 2 不同开口饵料投喂24 h后仔鱼开口摄食率和摄食强度

注：不同字母代表各饵料组之间差异显著(P＜0.05)。

Figure 2. Feeding rate and intensity of M. armatu larvae on various forages after 24 h of feeding

Note: Different letters indicates significant differences among the bait groups (P＜0.05).

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图 3 饥饿和不同开口饵料下大刺鳅仔鱼的全长特定生长率

Figure 3. SGR on body length of M. armatu larvae under feeding with various forages or starvation

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图 4 饥饿和不同开口饵料下大刺鳅仔鱼的体质量特定生长率

Figure 4. SGR on body weight of M. armatu larvae under feeding with various forages or starvation

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表 1 大刺鳅仔鱼卵黄囊和油球的吸收

Table 1. Absorptions on yolk sac and fat-globules by M. armatu larvae

日龄 Day post hatching/d	饥饿组 Starvation group			对照组 Control group
日龄 Day post hatching/d	仔鱼全长 Total length/mm	卵黄囊体积 Volume of yolk sac/mm³	油球体积 Volume of oil globule/mm³	仔鱼全长 Total length/mm	卵黄囊体积 Volume of yolk sac/mm³	油球体积 Volume of oil globule/mm³
0	5.85±0.11	9.47±0.70 a	0.74±0.09 a	5.85±0.15	9.49±0.69 a	0.79±0.02 a
1	6.65±0.10	7.34±0.14 a	0.64±0.09 a	6.66±0.06	7.38±0.16 a	0.65±0.10 a
2	7.72±0.23	4.20±0.19 a	0.51±0.05 a	7.74±0.13	4.13±0.79 a	0.49±0.07 a
3	8.78±0.16	3.94±0.11 a	0.47±0.10 a	8.79±0.29	4.01±0.21 a	0.50±0.09 a
4	9.18±0.12	3.75±0.24 a	0.30±0.05 a	9.16±0.31	3.69±0.29 a	0.31±0.03 a
5	9.50±0.44	2.55±0.69 a	0.30±0.07 a	9.51±0.19	2.60±0.63 a	0.30±0.06 a
6	10.60±0.26	2.16±0.33 a	0.29±0.06 a	10.69±0.31	2.47±0.32 b	0.29±0.06 a
7	11.78±0.36	1.81±0.23 a	0.27±0.05 a	11.84±0.23	1.31±0.38 b	0.27±0.01 a
8	12.01±0.84	1.45±0.42 a	0.18±0.03 a	12.34±0.32	0.87±0.29 b	0.16±0.03 a
9	12.47±0.62	0.55±0.21 a	0.16±0.05 a	12.98±0.84	0.29±0.08 b	0.11±0.01 b
10	12.49±0.80	0.32±0.01 a	0.09±0.02 a	13.83±0.10	0 b	0.01±0.00 b
11	12.51±0.65	0	0.01±0.00	14.80±0.98	0	0
12	12.48±0.76	0	0	16.91±0.58	0	0
13	12.41±0.73	0	0	18.29±0.86	0	0
注：同行同一项目数据后不同小写字母表示试验组与对照组间差异显著(P＜0.05)。 Note: Different lowercase letters after the same project data indicate significant differences between the test groups (P＜0.05).

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表 2 饥饿和不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼全长的影响

Table 2. Growth by body length of M. armatu larvae under feeding with various forages or starvation

投喂天数 Feeding days/d	全长 Total length/mm
投喂天数 Feeding days/d	枝角类 Freshwater cladocera	丰年虫无节幼体Nauplius of brine shrimp	蛋黄 Egg yolk	虾奶粉 Shrimp larvae feed	A^#鱼苗开口料 Prepared feed larvstart-A	饥饿组 Starvation group
0	9.48±0.75 a	9.48±0.75 a	9.48±0.75 a	9.48±0.75 a	9.48±0.75 a	9.48±0.75 a
2	11.88±0.75 a	11.88±0.75 a	11.80±0.94 a	11.83±0.91 a	11.88±0.87 a	11.82±0.89 a
4	13.04±0.82ab	13.98±1.01 a	12.85±0.44 b	12.80±0.75 b	12.83±0.58 b	12.81±0.75 b
6	14.66±0.62 a	15.20±0.77 a	12.84±0.69 b	12.83±0.76 b	12.89±0.67 b	12.81±0.89 b
8	17.72±1.17 a	16.79±0.98 a	12.83±0.21 b	12.77±0.54 b	12.72±0.70 b	12.79±0.91 b
10	19.50±1.46 a	19.06±1.11 a	12.79±0.17 b	12.73±0.54 b	12.66±0.43 b	12.76±0.46 b
12	21.42±1.36 a	22.75±1.32 a	12.63±0.48 b	12.59±0.55 b	12.56±0.50 b	12.71±0.42 b
14	23.48±1.67 b	28.46±2.57 a
16	26.20±0.76 b	32.00±1.06 a
18	29.42±1.42 b	35.78±2.00 a
20	32.52±3.06 b	39.91±2.07 a
22	34.91±2.62 b	42.69±3.55 a
24	36.58±1.77 b	44.65±2.53 a
日均增长 Daily length gain/（mm·d⁻¹）	1.13±0.09 b	1.47±0.11 a	0.26±0.07 c	0.26±0.06 c	0.26±0.09 c	0.27±0.08 c
增长率 Growth rate/%	288.19±41.86 b	373.28±44.56 a	33.89±11.84 c	33.35±10.30 c	33.35±14.80 c	34.83±13.30 c
全长特定生长率 Specific growth rate of total length/（%·d⁻¹）	5.63±0.44 a	6.46±0.40 a	2.41±0.73 b	2.38±0.64 b	2.36±0.88 b	2.46±0.83 b
注：同行数据后不同小写字母代表各饵料组之间差异显著(P＜0.05)。表3、4同。 Note: Different letters of the same feeding days indicates significant differences among the bait groups (P＜0.05). The same as Table 3, 4.

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表 3 饥饿和不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼体质量的影响

Table 3. Growth by body weight of M. armatu larvae under feeding with various forages or starvation

投喂天数 Feeding days/d	体质量 Body mass/mg
投喂天数 Feeding days/d	枝角类 Freshwater cladocera	丰年虫无节幼体 Nauplius of brine shrimp	蛋黄 Egg yolk	虾奶粉 Shrimp larvae feed	A^#鱼苗开口料 prepared feed larvstart-A	饥饿组 Starvation group
0	9.24±0.80 a	9.24±0.80 a	9.24±0.80 a	9.24±0.80 a	9.24±0.80 a	9.24±0.80 a
2	9.92±0.75 a	11.18±1.22 b	9.60±0.77 a	9.80±1.010 a	9.64±0.69 a	9.92±0.91 a
4	10.70±2.17 a	14.20±2.66 b	9.60±1.19 a	9.50±0.71 a	10.23±1.11 a	9.54±1.42 a
6	16.36±1.21 a	20.66±3.05 b	9.40±1.07 c	9.20±0.77 c	9.84±0.73 d	9.32±1.13 cd
8	20.38±1.93 a	24.90±3.75 b	8.70±0.75 c	8.50±0.60 c	8.93±0.91 c	8.33±1.12 c
10	26.94±3.16 a	33.92±4.85 b	7.50±0.38 c	7.40±0.39 c	8.14±0.47 c	7.82±0.68 c
12	38.60±7.08 a	50.08±9.50 b	6.92±0.42 c	7.07±0.58 c	7.64±0.53 c	7.19±0.47 c
14	50.10±8.42 a	79.24±15.52 b
16	68.64±2.33 a	106.48±10.66 b
18	87.38±8.87 a	138.13±17.88 b
20	101.06±27.85 a	172.04±15.09 b
22	113.08±20.14 a	210.64±56.62 b
24	118.58±13.44 a	251.26±68.33 b
日均增重 Daily average weight increasement/（mg·d⁻¹）	4.56±0.58 b	10.08±2.82 a	−0.19±0.09 c	−0.18±0.08 c	−0.13±0.08 d	−0.17±0.09 c
增重率 Weight gain rate/%	1183.33±239.13 b	2619.26±754.73 a	−25.11±4.34 c	−23.49±8.72 c	−17.32±6.92 d	−22.19±8.44 c
体质量特定生长 Specific growth rate of body mass/(%·d⁻¹）	10.63±0.79 b	13.76±1.18 a	−2.41±0.50 c	−2.23±0.95 c	−1.58±0.74 d	−2.09±0.91 c

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表 4 饥饿和不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼成活率的影响

Table 4. Survival rates of M. armatu larvae under feeding with various forages or starvation （单位：%）

投喂天数 Feeding days/d	饵料组 Diet groups					饥饿组 Starvation group
投喂天数 Feeding days/d	枝角类 Freshwater cladocera	丰年虫无节幼体 Nauplius of brine shrimp	蛋黄 Egg yolk	虾奶粉 Shrimp larvae feed	A^#鱼苗开口料 Prepared feed larvstart-A	饥饿组 Starvation group
0	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a
2	96.79±1.13 a	95.08±1.54 ab	93.33±0.95 b	95.56±2.40 ab	93.65±1.10 b	93.33±0.95 b
4	92.00±0.83 a	91.51±1.56 a	89.05±2.96 a	90.88±3.68 a	87.63±0.55 a	87.98±2.85 a
6	85.88±5.09 a	85.51±4.81 a	78.68±2.82 b	65.78±0.90 c	67.76±5.19 c	76.63±2.63 b
8	80.30±6.41 a	79.23±6.09 a	47.82±7.06 bc	39.08±5.90 c	42.73±4.72 bc	50.82±3.05 b
10	75.28±8.43 a	74.64±6.97 a	36.06±3.81 b	23.32±7.64 c	29.51±4.82 bc	39.16±3.70 b
12	69.66±9.47 a	68.91±8.02 a	21.66±3.98 b	13.41±3.49 c	15.95±1.04 bc	25.76±2.66 b
14	67.96±10.10 a	65.47±8.56 a	0.00 b	0.00 b	0.00 b	0.00 b
16	65.34±10.38 a	61.85±8.04 a
18	63.26±11.24 a	60.31±8.24 a
20	58.86±11.03 a	56.58±6.18 a
22	57.44±11.58 a	52.54±7.43 a
24	56.18±13.29 a	50.26±6.84 a

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