复合微生物菌对育肥猪生产性能、胃肠道绒毛及菌群结构的影响

李兆龙; 黄宇翔; 罗锦义; 黄耿光; 陈发亮; 黄种杰

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.12.007

复合微生物菌对育肥猪生产性能、胃肠道绒毛及菌群结构的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.12.007

1.
福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所，福建　福州　350013
2.
福建省农业科学院作物研究所，福建　福州　350010
3.
南平市农业学校，福建　南平　354200
4.
龙岩市瑞丰养殖有限公司，福建　上杭　364200
5.
泉州华惠生物科技有限公司，福建　泉州　362000

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2018R1101014-7）；龙岩市农业科技重点项目（2019LYF9012)

详细信息

作者简介:
李兆龙（1973−），男，博士，主要从事畜禽肠道微生物及分子育种研究（E-mail：497377512@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 828.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-03
- 修回日期: 2019-09-10
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-01

Effects of a Compound Microbial Agent on Weight-gain, Gastrointestinal Villi and Flora of Pigs at Fattening Stage

1.
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
Crop Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricutural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350010, China
3.
Nanping Agricultural School, Nanping, Fujian　354200, China
4.
Longyan Ruifeng Agriculture Co., Ltd., Shanghang, Fujian　364200, China
5.
Quanzhou Huhui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Quanzhou, Fujian　362000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究复合微生态菌剂对育肥猪猪生产性能、胃肠道绒毛结构及菌群的影响。方法选取300头60日龄25 kg的育肥猪，随机分成对照组和试验组，试验组添加微生态菌剂，对照组添加等量的无菌水。每个处理15个重复，每个重复10头猪。试验为期90 d，记录日采食量、日增重，并测定15、30、60、90 d的耗料、增重比。试验结束时，每处理采集18头猪的胃黏液和结肠黏液，运用Illumina MiSeq方法测定16S rRNA基因并分析，并运用HE染色方法分析育肥猪胃肠道绒毛结构。结果与对照组相比，添加复合微生物菌处理显著提高育肥猪的平均日增重35.53 g（P＜0.05），降低料肉比0.10(P＜0.05)；16S rRNA基因测序结果表明，添加复合微生物菌组的育肥猪胃肠道属水平乳酸杆菌的丰度（平均67.81%）显著高于对照组（13.54%）（P＜0.05)，艰难梭菌属（4.51%）显著低于对照（5.55%）（P＜0.05)。结肠黏液属水平的乳酸菌丰度（平均6.51%）比试验组高（3.17%）（P＜0.05)，结肠黏液属水平艰难梭菌属（2.32%）比对照低（3.73%）（P＜0.05)，艰难梭菌数量显著低于对照组(P＜0.01)。此外，添加复合微生物菌明显增加胃肠道绒毛长度和密度(P＜0.05)。结论复合微生物菌能够显著改善育肥猪的生产性能，增加肠道有益菌，同时改善胃肠道绒毛结构。
- 复合微生物菌 /
- 育肥猪 /
- 生产性能 /
- 16S测序 /
- 绒毛
Abstract: Objective Effects of a compound microecological bioagent on the weight-gain, gastrointestinal villi and micro-flora in pigs at end of growth period were studied． Methods Three-hundred 60-day-old, weighing 25 kg, fattening pigs were randomly divided into control and treatment groups with 15 replicates of 10 pigs in each group. The treatment pigs were fed the forage diet supplemented with a microecological agent, while control with aseptic water. Daily feed-intake and weight-gain of the individual pigs were recorded for 90 d. Ratio of feed consumption/weight-gain was measured on the 15^th, 30^th, 60^th, and 90^th day during the feeding period. At end of the experiment, gastric and colon mucus of 18 randomly selected pigs from each group were collected for the Illumina MiSeq analysis on 16S rRNA gene and the HE-staining on gastrointestinal villi for a microscopic examination. Results The average daily weight-gain of the treatment pigs significantly increased over control (i.e., 35.53 g increase at P＜0.05) with 10 percent reduction on feed-consumption/weight-gain ratio at P＜0.05. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed a significantly higher abundance of Lactobacillus in the gastrointestinal tracts of treatment pigs (averaging 67.81%) than that of control (averaging 13.54%) at P＜0.05, but that of Clostridium difficile (i.e., 4.51%) significantly lower than that of control (i.e., 5.55%) at P＜0.05. In the colon mucus, the genus abundance of Lactobacillus in treatment pigs (i.e., 6.51%) was significantly higher than that in control pigs (i.e., 3.17%) at P＜0.05, but C. difficile (i.e., 2.32%) significantly lower than that of control (i.e., 3.73%) at P＜0.05. The supplementation of the compound microbial agent also significantly increased the length and density of gastrointestinal villi in the treatment pigs (P＜0.05). Conclusion The compound microecological bioagent significantly improved the weight-gain and increased the flora of beneficial bacteria as well as the gastrointestinal villi in the guts on pigs at fattening stage prior to slaughtering.
- compound microecological bioagent /
- fattening pig /
- weight-gain /
- 16S rRNA sequencing /
- villu

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图 1 胃肠道结构及绒毛变化

注：箭头标注为胃肠道绒毛结构；*表示差异显著（P＜0.05），**表示差异极显著(P＜0.01）。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Figure 1. Changes on structure and villi in gastrointestinal tracts

Note：The arrow is marked as the gastrointestinal villi structure; * indicates significant difference (P＜0.05), ** indicates extremenly significant difference (P＜0.01).

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图 2 胃属水平菌群组成

Figure 2. Microbiota composition of gastric mucus with respect to genus

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图 3 结肠属水平菌群组成

Figure 3. Microbiota composition of colon with respect to genus

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表 1 基础日粮组成及营养成分

Table 1. Basic diet and nutritional composition of forage

组成 Composition	含量 Contain
玉米 Corn/%	65
麦皮 Wheat bran/%	3
豆粕 Soybean meal/%	28
预混料 Premix/%（每千克日粮）	4
总计 Total/%	100
消化能 Digestive energy（DE）/（MJ·kg⁻¹）	13.87
粗蛋白 Crude protein（CP）/%	19.5
赖氨酸 Lysine（Lys）/%	1.1
钙 Calcium（Ca）/%	0.9
有效磷 Available phosphorus（AP）/%	0.45
注：预混料组成：石粉40%，磷酸氢钙30%，碘酸钙0.25%，亚硒酸钠0.75%，一水硫酸亚铁1.85%，一水硫酸锌1.5%，五水硫酸铜2.2%，一水硫酸锰0.85%，维生素A0.05%，维生素B1（98%）0.004%，维生素B2（96%）0.02%，维生素B6（98%）0.012%，维生素B12（1%）0.005%，维生素D3 0.09%，维生素E（50%）0.1%，氯化胆碱（50%）3.5%，生物素（2%）0.013%，烟酸（99%）0.076%，叶酸（97%）0.002%，泛酸（98%）0.051%，维生素K3（25%）0.1%，食盐6.0%，蛋氨酸（99%）1.0%，赖氨酸（98%）5.0%，抗氧化剂0.1%，载体（沸石粉）6.558%。 Note：The composition of premix is 40% stone powder, 30% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.25% calcium iodate, 0.75% sodium selenite, 1.85% ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 1.5% zinc sulfate monohydrate, 2.2% copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.85% manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.05% vitamin A, 0.004% vitamin B1 (98%), 0.02% vitamin B2 (96%), 0.012% vitamin B6 (98%), Vitamin B12 (1%) 0.005%, vitamin D3 0.09%, vitamin E (50%) 0.1%, choline chloride (50%) 3.5%, biotin (2%) 0.013%, niacin (99%) 0.076%, folic acid (97%) 0.002%, pantoic acid (98%) 0.051%, vitamin K3 (25%) 0.1%, salt 6.0%, methionine (99%) 1.0%, lysine (98%) 5.0%, antioxidant 0.1%, carrier (zeolite powder) 6.558%.

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表 2 添加复合菌对育肥猪生产性能的影响

Table 2. Effect of compound microbial agent addition in forage on weight-gain of pigs at fattening stage

试验时间 Time	试验处理 Treatments	平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake（ADFI）/（kg·头⁻¹）	平均增重 Average head gain/（kg·头⁻¹）	平均日增重 Average daily gain（ADG） /（kg·头⁻¹）	料/肉比（F/G） Feed/weight gain	F/G与对照组比较 F/G compared with control
15 d	复合菌组 Treatment	1.60±0.28 a	9.5±0.48 a	0.63±0.15 a	2.53 a	−8.38%
15 d	对照组 Control	1.60±0.39 a	8.72±1.29 b	0.52±0.14 b	2.73 b
30 d	复合菌组 Treatment	1.86±0.98 a	10.01±2.84 a	0.67±0.17a	2.76 a	−2.81%
30 d	对照组 Control	1.88±0.40 a	9.92±1.48 b	0.61±0.10 b	2.84 b
60 d	复合菌组 Treatment	2.43±0.52 a	25.86±1.24 a	0.86±0.15 a	2.82 a	−11.74%
60 d	对照组 Control	1.97±0.19 b	25.08±1.29 b	0.84±0.34 b	3.15 b
90 d	复合菌组 Treatment	3.35±0.76 a	28.65±1.24 a	0.95±0.15 a	3.52 a	−2.63%
90 d	对照组 Control	3.36±0.55 a	27.78±1.29 b	0.93±0.34 b	3.63 b
注：不同小写字母表示同一时间不同处理之间差异显著（P＜0.05），相同字母表示差异不显著（P＞0.05）。 Note: Different letters in the same row means significant difference between treatments（P＜0.05）.

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