Histology and Morphology of Alimentary Canal of Thrips palmi Karny
-
摘要:
目的 棕榈蓟马Thrips palmi Karny不仅可以直接取食为害作物，而且能够传播正番茄斑萎病毒属Orthotospovirus病毒病害，给我国蔬菜、花卉等经济作物造成了严重危害。本研究探讨了棕榈蓟马成虫消化道的组织学和形态学结构，旨在为今后研究正番茄斑萎病毒属病毒在棕榈蓟马体内的侵染路径提供依据。 方法 利用激光共聚焦显微镜(confocal laser scanning microscopy, CLSM)观察棕榈蓟马消化道整体形态结构，利用透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope，TEM)观察棕榈蓟马消化道超微结构。 结果 棕榈蓟马消化道由前肠、中肠、后肠和马氏管组成。前肠包括咽、食道、嗉囊和贲门。中肠分为前中肠、中中肠和后中肠3个部分；中肠没有围食膜，前中肠微绒毛表面有微绒毛膜，后中肠肠壁根据细胞形态分为褶皱端和扁平端，微绒毛没有微绒毛膜。后肠由回肠和直肠组成；回肠的肠壁肌肉发达，肠腔周围有一层角质层；直肠内部有大量微生物。马氏管有4根，着生在中肠与后肠的分界线处；马氏管处微绒毛密集但形状不规则，管壁细胞内有大量囊泡。 结论 本研究描述了棕榈蓟马消化道的形态与组成，分析了不同部位的功能，为研究病原物在蓟马体内的侵染路径奠定基础。 Abstract:Objective Histology and morphology of the alimentary canal of Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a pest that causes serious damage to its host crops by not only feeding on them but also transmitting viruses, were studied to investigate the infection route of Orthotospovirus on plants. Method Structure of the alimentary canal in T. palmi was examined under the laser scanning confocal microscopy, and the transmission electron microscopy applied for the ultrastructure observation. Result The alimentary canal was shown to consist of foregut, midgut, hindgut, and malpighian tubules. The foregut included pharynx, oesophagus, crop, and cardia. The midgut was made of anterior, middle and posterior parts with no peritrophic membrane. In the anterior midgut, a thin membrane was present on the surface of microvilli. Morphologically, the intestinal wall of posterior midgut had a pleated and a flat side with no membrane on the microvilli surface. The hindgut composed of ileum and rectum. The ileum had strong muscles and a cuticle layer covering the lumen. Inside the rectum, microorganisms seemed to thrive. Four malpighian tubules were located at the junction between the midgut and hindgut extending freely into the hemocoel with numerous vesicles in the cells and abundant microvilli around the irregular-shaped lumen. Conclusion The morphology and functions of the alimentary canal in T. palmi were closely examined to initiate further studies on the pathogenic infection route on crops through the insect. -
Key words:
- Thysanoptera /
- Thripidae /
- Thrips palmi /
- alimentary canal /
- morphology
-
图 1 棕榈蓟马消化道形态和结构
注：Fg：前肠；Oe：食道；Cr：嗉囊；Mg：中肠；Amg：前中肠；Mmg：中中肠；Pmg：后中肠；Hg：后肠；I：回肠；Re：直肠；Mt：马氏管。
Figure 1. Morphology and structure of alimentary canal of T. palmi
Note: Fg: Foregut; Oe: Oesophagus; Cr: Crop; Mg: Midgut; Amg: Anterior midgut; Mmg: Middle midgut; Pmg: Posterior midgut; Hg: Hindgut; I: Ileum; Re: Rectum; Mt: Malpighian tubule.
图 2 棕榈蓟马前肠结构
注：Oe：食道；Cr：嗉囊；Ca：贲门；Ec：外翻突起；Mg：中肠。图II是图I方框部位放大。
Figure 2. Morphology and structure of foregut of T. palmi
Note: Oe: Oesophagus; Cr: Crop; Ca: Cardia; Ec: Ectropion; Mg: Midgut. Panel II is enlarged from boxed area in Panel I.
图 3 棕榈蓟马前肠超微结构
注：L：肠腔；Mv：微绒毛；Ap：自噬体；Mit：线粒体；N：细胞核；Rer；粗面内质网；Bm：基底膜；Mf：肌肉纤维。
Figure 3. Ultrastructure of foregut of T. palmi
Note: L: Lumen; Mv: Microvilli; Ap: Autophagosome; Mit: Mitochondria; N: Nucleus; Rer: Rough endoplasmic reticulum; Bm: Basement membrane; Mf: Muscle fiber.
图 4 棕榈蓟马前中肠超微结构
注：L：肠腔；Mv：微绒毛；Mvm：微绒毛膜；Mit：线粒体；N：细胞核；Rer：粗面内质网；In：基底膜内褶；Bm：基底膜；Mf：肌肉纤维。
Figure 4. Ultrastructure of anterior midgut of T. palmi
Note: L: Lumen; Mv: Microvilli; Mvm: Microvilli membrane; Mit: Mitochondria; N: Nucleus; Rer: Rough endoplasmic reticulum; In: Cuticular intima lining; Bm: Basement membrane; Mf: Muscle fiber.
图 5 棕榈蓟马后中肠超微结构
注：①A为扁平端组织，B为褶皱端组织结构；②L：肠腔；Mv：微绒毛；Mit：线粒体；Ap：自噬体；N：细胞核；Rer：粗面内质网；Mf：肌肉纤维；Bm：基底膜。
Figure 5. Ultrastructure of posterior midgut of T. palmi
Note: ① A－Flat side of posterior midgut; B－Pleated side of posterior midgut; ② L: Lumen; Mv: Microvilli; Mit: Mitochondria; Ap: Autophagosome; N: Nucleus; Rer: Rough endoplasmic reticulum; Mf: Muscle fiber; Bm: Basement membrane.
图 6 棕榈蓟马回肠超微结构
注：Ct；角质层；Ap：自噬体；Mit：线粒体；N：细胞核；Rer：粗面内质网；Mf：肌肉纤维；Bm：基底膜。
Figure 6. Ultrastructure of ileum of T. palmi
Note: Ct: Cuticle; Ap: Autophagosome; Mit: Mitochondria; N: Nucleus; Rer: Rough endoplasmic reticulum; Mf: Muscle fiber; Bm: Basement membrane.
图 7 棕榈蓟马直肠超微结构
注：L：肠腔；Mic：微生物；N: 细胞核；Rer：粗面内质网；Mf：肌肉纤维；Bm：基底膜。
Figure 7. Ultrastructure of rectum of T. palmi
Note: L: Lumen; Mic: Microorganism; N: Nucleus; Rer: Rough endoplasmic reticulum; Mf: Muscle fiber; Bm: Basement membrane.
-
[1] 孙士卿, 邓裕亮, 李惠, 等. 棕榈蓟马研究综述 [J]. 安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(23):12538−12541, 12587. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2010.23.087SUN S Q, DENG Y L, LI H, et al. Summarizing study about Thrips palmi [J]. Anhui Agricultural Science, 2010, 38(23): 12538−12541, 12587.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2010.23.087 [2] 张维球, 韩诗畴, 符立乾. 棕榈蓟马生物学特性初步观察 [J]. 昆虫知识, 1985, 22(3):110−111.ZHANG W Q, HAN S C, FU L Q. Biological characteristics observation of Thrips palmi Karny [J]. Entomological Knowledge, 1985, 22(3): 110−111.(in Chinese) [3] 侯海霞, 刘永杰, 于毅, 等. 棕榈蓟马传播番茄斑萎病毒属病毒研究进展 [J]. 山东农业科学, 2016, 48(2):157−160.HOU H X, LIU Y J, YU Y, et al. Advances in Research of Tospovirus Viruses Transmitted by Thrips palmi Karny [J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 48(2): 157−160.(in Chinese) [4] WHITFIELD A E, ULLMAN D E, GERMAN T L. Tospovirus-Thrips Interactions [J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2005, 43(1): 459−489. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.140017 [5] SHARGA U S. On the internal anatomy of some thysanoptera [J]. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 2009, 81(2): 185−204. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1933.tb00405.x [6] ULLMAN D E, WESTCOT D M, HUNTER W B, et al. Internal anatomy and morphology of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with special reference to interactions between thrips and Tomato spotted wilt virus [J]. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 1989, 18(5): 289−310. [7] YEH S D, LIN Y C, CHENG Y H, et al. Identification of Tomato Spotted Wilt-like Virus on Watermelon in Taiwan [J]. Plant Disease, 1992, 76(8): 835−840. doi: 10.1094/PD-76-0835 [8] CHAO C H, CHEN T C, KANG Y C, et al. Characterization of Melon yellow spot virus infecting cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Taiwan [J]. Plant Pathology Bulletin, 2010, 19(1): 41−52. [9] PALMER J M, DVR R, WIGHTMAN J A, et al. New information on the thrips vectors of tomato spotted wilt virus in groundnut crops in India [J]. International Arachis Newsletter, 1990(7): 24−25. [10] LAKSHMI K V, WIGHTMAN J A, REDDY D V R, et al. Transmission of Peanut Bud Necrosis Virus by Thrips palmi in India[M].Bruce L P. Thrips Biology and Management. US: Springer Press, 1995: 179-184. [11] 许再福. 普通昆虫学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009: 93-94. [12] 孙少轩. 斑蜡蝉 Lycorma delicatula White消化系统的组织学与组织化学研究 [J]. 昆虫学报, 1964, 13(2):177−192.SUN S X. Histological and histochemical study on the digestive system of Lycorma delicatula white [J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 1964, 13(2): 177−192.(in Chinese) [13] 相静波, 刘惠霞, 吴文君. 昆虫围食膜的研究进展 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2004(2):116−122. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0452-8255.2004.02.004XIANG J B, LIU H X, WU W J. Progress in research on peritrophic membrane of insect [J]. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 2004(2): 116−122.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0452-8255.2004.02.004 [14] SILVA C P, SILVA J R, VASCONCELOS F F, et al. Occurrence of midgut perimicrovillar membranes in paraneopteran insect orders with comments on their function and evolutionary significance [J]. Arthropod Structure & Development, 2004, 33(2): 139−148. [15] CHAPMAN R F. The insects: structure and function[M]. New York: Academic Press, 1998: 788. [16] DALLAI R, BENE G D, MARCHINI D. The ultrastructure of Malpighian tubules and hindgut of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) [J]. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 1991, 20(4-5): 223−233. doi: 10.1016/0020-7322(91)90012-X -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1388
- HTML全文浏览量: 523
- PDF下载量: 28
- 被引次数: 0
