解淀粉芽孢杆菌B1619对连作西瓜生长及枯萎病发生的影响

王夏雯; 孟佳丽; 刘永锋; 陈志谊; 张智慧; 余翔

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.010

解淀粉芽孢杆菌B1619对连作西瓜生长及枯萎病发生的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.010

1.
江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所，江苏　宿迁　223800
2.
江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所，江苏　南京　210014

基金项目: 宿迁市农业科技自主创新资金项目（SQCX201801）；宿迁市科技支撑计划项目（L201711）

详细信息

作者简介:
王夏雯（1982−），女，硕士，副研究员，研究方向：西瓜新品种选育及连作障碍消减技术研究（E-mail：xiawen77@163.com）

通讯作者:
余翔（1983−），男，硕士，副研究员，研究方向：西瓜新品种选育与栽培技术研究（E-mail：yx003@163.com）

中图分类号: S 435
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-24
- 修回日期: 2019-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2019-11-01

Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B1619 on Growth and Fusarium Wilt of Continuous Cropping Watermelon

1.
Suqian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suqian, Jiangsu　223800, China
2.
Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu　210014, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确解淀粉芽孢杆菌B1619对连作西瓜枯萎病的防效，并探讨其合理施用方法。方法在连续种植4年西瓜的土壤环境下，采用随机区组设计，研究供试微生物菌剂在不同施用方式和施用剂量下，对连作西瓜生长、枯萎病发生及根际土壤主要菌群的影响。结果解淀粉芽胞杆菌B1619采用穴施方式、剂量（18+9）g·穴⁻¹时对连作西瓜的增产率达到43.20%，中心糖、边糖、商品率均显著增加。该施用方法有效改变了连作西瓜根际的菌群环境，其中细菌数量在开花期和成熟期分别是对照的1.93倍和1.27倍，病原菌尖孢镰刀菌数量分别降低为对照的33.38%和37.19%。结论解淀粉芽胞杆菌B1619采用穴施方式、剂量（18+9）g·穴⁻¹对4年连作西瓜产量、品质提升，西瓜枯萎病防治效果最好。
- 解淀粉芽胞杆菌 /
- 设施西瓜枯萎病 /
- 施用技术 /
- 生防效果
Abstract: Objective Efficacy and optimum application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B1619 to control Fusarium wilt on continuous cropping watermelons were investigated. Methods A field experiment with a random block design was conducted for 4 consecutive years to examine the effects of the microbial agent applied by different means and dosages on the growth and disease occurrence of the watermelon and the major microflora in the rhizosphere soil. Results At a rate of (18+9) g B1619 to fill each hole dug into the ground around the plants was the selected method to deliver a 43.20% increase on watermelon yield for the study. The sugar contents in the center and peripheral by the rind of watermelon and marketability of the harvested melons increased significantly with the application. The application also changed the rhizosphere microflora community where the continuous cropping of watermelon was practiced. The bacteria count in the rhizosphere soil was 1.93 times of control at flowering stage and 1.27 times at maturing stage, while the number of pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum, reduced to 33.38% of control at flowering stage and 37.19% at maturing stage. Conclusion The “hole-digging” method of applying B1619 at (18+9) g/hole rendered a high yield, supreme fruit quality, and the much reduced incidence of Fusarium wilt on the watermelons.
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens /
- watermelon wilt /
- application method /
- biocontrol effect

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图 1 B1619对连作西瓜根际土壤细菌数量的影响

Figure 1. Effect of B1619 on bacteria count in rhizosphere soil at continuous cropping watermelon field

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图 2 B1619对连作西瓜根际土壤真菌数量的影响

Figure 2. Effect of B1619 on fungi count in rhizosphere soil at continuous cropping watermelon field

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图 3 B1619对连作西瓜根际土壤放线菌数量的影响

Figure 3. Effect of B1619 on actinomyces count in rhizosphere soil at continuous cropping watermelon field

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图 4 B1619对连作西瓜根际土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量的影响

Figure 4. Effect of B1619 on F. oxysporum count in rhizosphere soil at continuous cropping watermelon field

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表 1 西瓜枯萎病病情分级标准

Table 1. Standards for classifying watermelon wilt

病情级数 Level of Fusarium wilt of watermelon	病症 Characterization
0级	植株生长正常
1级	植株萎蔫，占全株的1/4及以下，瓜果生长正常
2级	植株萎蔫，占全株的1/4至1/2，瓜皮表面稍有褪色
3级	植株萎蔫，占全株的1/2以上，茎蔓上有琥珀色胶状物，根部病茎表面产生白色或粉红色霉层，果实萎蔫缩小
4级	全株枯萎并死亡

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表 2 不同施用方式和使用剂量对连作西瓜生长指标的影响

Table 2. Effect of application method and dosage of B1619 on growth of continuous cropping watermelons

处理 Treatment	主蔓长 Plant height/cm			茎粗 Stem diameter/mm			叶面积 Leaf area/cm²			叶片数 Leaf number per plant/(片·株⁻¹)			叶绿素含量SPAD值 Chlorophyll contentSPAD
处理 Treatment	伸蔓期 The Stretching Stage	开花期 The Flowering Stage	成熟期 The Ripening Stages	伸蔓期 The Stretching Stage	开花期 The Flowering Stage	成熟期 The Ripening Stages	伸蔓期 The Stretching Stage	开花期 The Flowering Stage	成熟期 The Ripening Stages	伸蔓期 The Stretching Stage	开花期 The Flowering Stage	成熟期 The Ripening Stages	伸蔓期 The Stretching Stage	开花期 The Flowering Stage	成熟期 The Ripening Stages
T1灌根 T1Root-drenching	52.1 d	141.3 c	257.3 c	5.4 b	6.6 b	7.3 b	140.5 b	181.0 b	289.7 d	9.4 b	20.3 b	26.3 a	58.5 a	63.2 a	61.3 a
T2灌根 T2Root-drenching	67.1 b	159.8 b	304.0 a	6.2 a	7.2 a	8.0 b	203.8 a	236.3 a	370.8 b	11.8 a	22.6 a	27.9 a	56.7 a	61.5 a	58.6 a
T3灌根 T3Root-drenching	60.8 c	147.6 c	287.7 b	5.5 b	6.8 ab	7.7 b	151.2 b	215.8 a	339.7 c	11.0 ab	19.0 b	27.3 a	56.9 a	62.6 a	58.8 a
T1穴施 T1 Hole fertilization	60.1 c	144.6 c	278.3 b	5.0 b	6.6 b	7.9 b	145.2 b	214.8 a	291.6 d	10.0 b	19.2 b	28.0 a	56.9 a	62.5 a	60.0 a
T2穴施 T2 Hole fertilization	75.1 ab	168.0 a	309.0 a	6.6 a	7.5 a	8.8 a	233.1 a	240.7 a	390.8 b	12.6 a	19.8 b	28.3 a	55.0 a	61.9 a	57.3 a
T3穴施 T3 Hole fertilization	83.1 a	179.2 a	312.0 a	6.8 a	7.5 a	9.0 a	218.2 a	240.7 a	425.7 a	12.4 a	20.2 b	28.5 a	54.3 a	60.4 a	56.4 a
CK	54.6 d	145.2 c	255.3 c	5.3 b	6.3 b	7.4 b	148.5 b	179.1 b	295.2 d	9.9 b	20.9 b	26.3 a	58.0 a	62.2 a	60.4 a
注: 同列数据后不同小写字母表示各处理间在0.05水平上差异显著，下同。 Note: Data followed by different lowercase letters on a same column are significantly different at 0.05 leve1. Same for the following.

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表 3 不同施用方式和使用剂量对连作西瓜产量、品质的影响

Table 3. Effects of application method and dosage of B1619 on yield and quality of continuous cropping watermelons

处理 Treatment	地上部瓜蔓鲜重 The FW of aerial part/(g·株⁻¹)	地上部瓜蔓干重 Dry weight of aerial part/(g·株⁻¹)	单瓜重 Watermelon fruit weight/kg	小区产量 Plot yield/kg	产量 Yield /(t·hm⁻²)	增产率 Increase rate/%	中心糖度 Central sugarcontent/%	边缘糖度 Edge sugar content/%	商品率 Commodity rate/%
T1灌根 T1Root-drenching	793.35 c	66.72 b	2.38 c	92.80 c	25.79 c	1.75 c	9.47 c	6.10 d	36.84 c
T2灌根 T2Root-drenching	902.05 b	70.05 b	2.70 b	107.50 b	29.88 b	17.87 b	10.84 ab	8.08 b	59.65 b
T3灌根 T3Root-drenching	844.60 bc	69.35 b	2.69 b	102.60 b	28.51 b	12.50 bc	10.50 b	8.20 ab	56.14 b
T1穴施 T1 Hole fertilization	799.50 c	66.81 b	2.57 b	98.80 bc	27.46 b	8.33 c	10.00 bc	7.13 c	54.39 b
T2穴施 T2 Hole fertilization	1 088.55 a	85.44 a	3.14 a	130.60 a	36.30 a	43.20 a	11.22 a	8.52 a	73.68 a
T3穴施 T3 Hole fertilization	1 074.20 a	78.91 a	3.23 a	133.00 a	36.96 a	45.83 a	11.18 a	8.44 a	75.44 a
CK	777.36 c	59.86 c	2.37 c	91.20 c	25.35 c	—	9.30 c	5.83 d	29.82 c

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表 4 不同施用方式和使用剂量对连作西瓜病情指数的影响

Table 4. Effect of application method and dosage of B1619 on wilt control

处理 Treatment	座果中期病情指数 Disease index of the fruit developing Stages	成熟期病情指数 Disease index of the Ripening Stages	防治效果 Disease control rate/%
T1灌根 T1Root-drenching	0 b	51.75 b	21.86 c
T2灌根 T2Root-drenching	0 b	33.33 c	49.67 b
T3灌根 T3Root-drenching	0 b	35.09 c	47.02 b
T1穴施 T1 Hole fertilization	0 b	36.84 c	44.37 b
T2穴施 T2 Hole fertilization	0 b	21.49 d	67.55 a
T3穴施 T3 Hole fertilization	0 b	21.05 d	68.21 a
CK	10.07 a	66.23 a	—

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