短时高温处理对黑点切叶野螟生长发育和繁殖的影响

褚世海; 丛胜波; 李儒海; 黄启超; 侯有明

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.008

短时高温处理对黑点切叶野螟生长发育和繁殖的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.008

褚世海^{1, 2,},
丛胜波²,
李儒海²,
黄启超²,
侯有明^1, ,

1.
闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室/福建省昆虫生态重点实验室/福建农林大学植物保护学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/农业农村部华中作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农作物重大病虫草害防控湖北省重点实验室，湖北　武汉　430064

基金项目: 湖北省农业科技创新中心项目（2011-620-003-03-04）

详细信息

作者简介:
褚世海（1974 − ），男，博士，副研究员，研究方向：入侵生物学，杂草学（E-mail：chushihai1@163.com）

通讯作者:
侯有明（1966 − ），男，博士，教授，研究方向：昆虫生态学（E-mail：ymhou@fafu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 451.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-15
- 修回日期: 2019-11-06
- 刊出日期: 2019-11-01

Effects of Short-term High-temperature Exposure on Growth, Development and Reproduction of Herpetogramma basalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

1.
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crops/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology/College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, Hubei　430064, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究短时高温处理对黑点切叶野螟生长发育和繁殖的影响，为准确地评估其生防潜能提供科学依据。方法将黑点切叶野螟1龄幼虫分别在2种高温（35℃和40℃）暴露4种时长（2、4、8、16 h）后，观察测定幼虫存活率、化蛹率、羽化率、蛹重、发育历期、成虫产卵量等指标。结果经2种温度、不同时长的处理后，黑点切叶野螟各项生长发育和繁殖指标均受到不同程度的影响。幼虫存活率显著降低，35℃处理16 h，幼虫存活率由1龄的65.83%降为5龄的28.33%；对化蛹率和羽化率无显著影响；幼虫发育历期随温度升高而延长，2种温度（35℃和40℃）处理16 h后，幼虫历期分别比对照长0.90 d和1.74 d；对蛹期无影响；成虫寿命在经8 h和16 h处理后缩短约1 d；蛹重在8 h和16 h高温处理后略有下降；雌虫产卵量在2种温度下均为处理16 h的最低；对卵的孵化率无显著影响。结论黑点切叶野螟受短时高温的影响主要体现在降低存活率和抑制发育速率，影响程度取决于高温强度和持续时间。在供试条件下，黑点切叶野螟均能完成生活史，保持种群的延续，这对生防是有益的。但是，较长时间的高温处理导致幼虫存活率显著下降，这可能是黑点切叶野螟夏季种群密度低的原因。
- 黑点切叶野螟 /
- 短时高温 /
- 生长发育 /
- 繁殖
Abstract: Objective Effects of short-term high-temperature exposure on the growth, development, and reproduction of Herpetogramma basalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were studied for a potential biocontrol application. Method The 1^st instar larvae of the insects were treated at 35℃ or 40℃ for 2 h, 4 h, 8 h or 16 h to determine the rates of larval survival, pupation, and emergence as well as the pupal weight, developmental duration, and female fecundity of the following generations. Result The development and reproduction of H. basalis were affected in varying degrees under the treatments. The larval survival rate decreased significantly after the exposure, e.g., from 65.83% in the 1^st instar to 28.33% in the 5^th instar under 35℃/16 h. The pupation and emergence rates were hardly affected. On the other hand, when treated for 16 h, the larval development took 0.90d at 35℃, and 1.74 d at 40℃, longer than control. The pupal period was not affected, but the adult lifespan shortened by one day after a 35℃ or 40℃ exposure for 8 h or 16 h. The average individual pupal weight decreased slightly after 8 h or 16 h of the exposures. The fecundity of female adults reached its lowest level after being exposed to either of the two temperatures for 16 h, which did not significantly alter the egg hatching rate. Conclusion Depending upon the severity and duration, the short-term high-temperature exposure mainly decreased the survival rate and inhibited the development of H. basalis. The moth could complete its normal development even at a relatively high temperature and maintain the population continuity, which benefits biocontrol. Nonetheless, due likely to the summer heat, the larval mortality rose and population of H. basalis declined in the season.
- Herpetogramma basalis /
- short-term high-temperature exposure /
- development /
- fecundity

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图 1 短时高温处理对黑点切叶野螟幼虫存活率的影响

注：折线图上的短柱表示平均值的标准误，不同小写字母表示不同处理间的幼虫存活率有显著差异（P＜0.05）。

Figure 1. Effect of short-term high-temperature exposure on larval survival rate of 1^st instar H. basalis

Note: Bars on line plot are standard errors of mean. Different lowercase letters indicate significantly different survival rates among different treatments (P<0.05).

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表 1 短时高温处理对黑点切叶野螟蛹重、化蛹率和羽化率的影响

Table 1. Effects of short-term high-temperature exposure on pupal weight, pupation rate and egg emergence rate of 1^st instar H. basalis

温度 Temperature	处理时间 Duration of exposure/h	蛹重 Pupal weight/（mg·头⁻¹）	化蛹率 Pupation rate/%	羽化率 Emergence rate/%
35℃	0	33.78±0.33 aA	82.59±2.31 aA	90.08±2.93 aA
	2	33.17±0.86 abAB	82.47±4.47 aA	89.09±2.24 aA
	4	32.08±0.27 abcBC	81.05±4.77 aA	87.71±2.59 aA
	8	31.97±0.63 bcBC	79.44±4.19 aA	88.89±5.56 aA
	16	31.12±0.49 cC	83.81±10.72 aA	89.26±6.43 aA
40℃	0	33.78±0.33 aA	82.59±2.31 aA	90.08±2.93 aA
	2	33.32±0.27 abAB	80.23±4.55 aA	92.46±4.14 aA
	4	32.48±0.41 bcABC	78.08±10.72 aA	88.89±6.41 aA
	8	32.13±0.66 bcBC	76.15±8.40 aA	86.11±7.35 aA
	16	32.01±0.06 cBC	82.22±1.92 aA	81.67±4.41 aA
注：同列数据后不同的小写字母表示同一温度下不同处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)；同列数据后不同的大写字母表示2种温度下不同处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)。表2、表3同。 Note: Data followed by different lowercase letters on a column of a same temperature treatment are significantly different (P<0.05); those followed by different capital letters on a column for two different temperature treatments are significantly different (P<0.05). Same for Tables 2 & 3.

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表 2 短时高温处理对黑点切叶野螟幼虫历期、蛹历期和成虫寿命的影响

Table 2. Effects of short-term high-temperature exposure on larval development time, pupal duration and adult lifespan of 1^st instar H. basalis

温度 Temperature	处理时间 Duration of exposure/h	幼虫历期 Larval duration/d	蛹历期 Pupal duration/d	成虫寿命 Adult longevity/d
35℃	0	13.7±0.4 bE	7.6±0.1 bA	10.6±0.5 aA
	2	13.8±0.2 bE	7.7±0.1 abA	10.2±0.3 abAB
	4	13.8±0.2 bE	7.8±0.1 abA	10.3±0.2 abAB
	8	14.4±0.3 aCD	7. 9±0.2 abA	9.5±0.3 bBC
	16	14.6±0.2 aC	8.0±0.1 aA	9.5±0.3 bBC
40℃	0	13.7±0.4 bE	7.6±0.1 aA	10.6±0.5 aA
	2	13.8±0.3 bE	7.9±0.1 aA	10.5±0.3 aA
	4	14.0±0.2 bDE	7.8±0.2 aA	9.9±0.3 abABC
	8	15.0±0.2 aAB	8.0±0.1 aA	10.0±0.1 abABC
	16	15.4±0.4 aA	7.9±0.1 aA	9.3±0.3 bC

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表 3 短时高温处理对黑点切叶野螟化蛹率、雌虫产卵量和下一代卵孵化率的影响

Table 3. Effects of short-term high-temperature exposure on eggs laid per female and egg hatching rate of 1^st instar H. basalis

温度 Temperature	处理时间 Duration of exposure/h	单雌产卵量 Egg number per female	下一代卵孵化率 Offspring hatching rate/%
35℃	0	317.0±18.7 aA	66.73±2.01 aA
	2	322.7±27.3 aA	66.01±0.95 aA
	4	287.3±17.9 abABC	66.59±1.12 aA
	8	289.3±16.5 abABC	64.70±0.94 aA
	16	228.7±20.7 bC	64.43±1.12 aA
40℃	0	317.0±18.7 aA	66.73±2.01 aA
	2	294.0±16.7 aABC	66.44±1.06 aA
	4	307.7±48.5 aAB	65.12±1.66 aA
	8	281.0±22.0 aABC	64.58±0.88 aA
	16	240.3±20.7 aBC	64.38±1.09 aA

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