Phenotypic Diversity on Inflorescence of Macadamia spp. Germplasms
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摘要:
目的 对澳洲坚果种质资源花序表型性状进行多样性分析，为澳洲坚果种质资源的鉴定评价以及创新利用提供参考。 方法 花序表型性状的观测和描述方法参照《澳洲坚果种质资源描述规范和数据标准》和《澳洲坚果种质资源鉴定技术规范》，数据统计分析应用聚类和主成分分析的方法。 结果 40 份供试澳洲坚果种质资源中 90% 种质小花为乳白色、50% 种质小花自花序轴基部向顶端依次开放、77.5% 种质无批次开花；花序长度的变异系数最大为 26.30%，小花长度的变异系数最小为 8.60%。聚类分析将 40 份种质资源在欧氏距离为 4.79 时分为 2 个组群，组群内的种质资源以花序长度和小花数量聚类；主成分分析结果将 6 个表型性状简化为 3 个主成分（花量、花色、开花顺序因子），解释的总变异为 71.752%，更为直观地展现了花序表型特点，其结果与聚类分析基本一致。 结论 澳洲坚果种质资源的花序表型性状存在丰富的多样性，花序长度、小花数量、小花颜色和小花开放顺序是花序表型性状多样性构成的主导因子。 Abstract:Objective Phenotypic diversity of inflorescence from a collection of 40 Macadamia spp. was determined to evaluate and better utilize the resources. Method Using the “Standards for Description and Data Analysis on Macadamia” and the “Techniques and Codes for Evaluating Macadamia Germplasms” as references, this study was conducted. Data were subjected to cluster and principal component analyses. Result The inflorescence characteristics of the plants showed that 90% of the germplasms had creamy white flowerets, 50% of the flowerets opened sequentially from the base to the top of inflorescence axis, and 77.5% of them did not flower in batch. The maximum coefficient of variation on inflorescence length was 26.30%, and the minimum 8.60%. The cluster analysis based on 6 phenotypic characteristics of the inflorescence divided the 40 germplasms into two groups at an euclidean distance of 4.79. The categorization was mostly determined by the inflorescence length and floweret count. The 6 phenotypic characteristics composed of 3 independent principal components (i.e., floweret count, floweret color, and flowering sequence) constituting 71.752% of the total variance, The principal component analysis directly demonstrated the phenotypic characteristics of inflorescence which basically agreed with the results obtained by the cluster analysis. Conclusion The phenotypic diversity of macadamia inflorescence was abundant among the germplasms. The inflorescence length, floweret count, floweret color, and opening order of floweret were the dominant factors constituted to the diversity on the inflorescence. -
Key words:
- Macadamia spp. /
- germplasms /
- inflorescence /
- phenotypic characteristics /
- diversity
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图 4 40份澳洲坚果种质资源花序表型性状主成分分布
Figure 4. Principal component distribution on phenotypic characteristics in inflorescence of 40 Macadamia germplasms
表 1 澳洲坚果种质资源名称、来源及类型
Table 1. Names, origins and types of Macadamia spp. in collection
编号
No.种质名称
Name of materials来源
Source种质类型
Germplasm types编号
No.种质名称
Name of materials来源
Source种质类型
Germplasm types1 HAES246 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 21 B3-74 澳大利亚 Australia M. integrifolia 2 HAES294 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 22 DAD 澳大利亚 Australia M. integrifolia 3 HAES333 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 23 H2 澳大利亚 Australia M. integrifolia 4 HAES344 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 24 NG18 澳大利亚 Australia M. integrifolia 5 HAES660 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 25 O.C. 澳大利亚 Australia M. integrifolia 6 HAES695 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia/M. tetraphylla Hybrids 26 Own venture 澳大利亚 Australia M. integrifolia 7 HAES741 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 27 Winks 澳大利亚 Australia M. integrifolia 8 HAES780 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 28 Yonik 以色列 Israel M. integrifolia 9 HAES783 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 29 南亚1号 Nanya 1 中国 China M. integrifolia 10 HAES788 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 30 南亚2号 Nanya 2 中国 China M. integrifolia 11 HAES800 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 31 南亚3号 Nanya 3 中国 China M. integrifolia 12 HAES812 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 32 南亚12号 Nanya 12 中国 China M. integrifolia 13 HAES814 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 33 南亚116号 Nanya 116 中国 China M. integrifolia 14 HAES826 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 34 桂热1号 Guire 1 中国 China M. integrifolia 15 HAES842 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 35 优株 Elite plant 24 中国 China M. integrifolia 16 HAES861 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 36 优株 Elite plant 114 中国 China M. integrifolia 17 HAES900 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia/M. tetraphylla Hybrids 37 优株 Elite plant A 中国 China M. integrifolia 18 HAES915 夏威夷 Hawaii M. integrifolia 38 优株 Elite plant B 中国 China M. integrifolia 19 A4 澳大利亚 Australia M. integrifolia/M. tetraphylla Hybrids 39 优株 Elite plant D 中国 China M. integrifolia 20 A16 澳大利亚 Australia M. integrifolia/M. tetraphylla Hybrids 40 优株 Elite plant G 中国 China M. integrifolia 
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表 2 鉴定性状、鉴定部位及记载标准
Table 2. Properties, parts and standards for identifications
编号 No. 性状 Characters 鉴定部位 Identification parts 记载标准 Description of grading 1 小花颜色
Floweret color花序中开放小花的颜色
The color of opening floweret in the inflorescence1=乳白色 Creamy white，2=淡粉色 Light pink，3=粉红色 Pink 2 小花开放顺序
Floweret opening order花序中小花的开放顺序
Floweret opening order in the inflorescence1=自花序轴基部向顶端依次开放
Floweret opening sequentially from the base of inflorescence axis to the top，
2=由花序轴中部向两端依次开放
Floweret opening sequentially from the middle of inflorescence axis to the both ends，
3=自花序轴顶端向基部依次开放
Floweret opening sequentially from the top of inflorescence axis to the base3 批次开花
Flower in batches开花期有无分批次开花
Whether flower in batches or not1=有 Yes，2=无 Not 4 花序长度/cm
Inflorescence length花序主轴长度
the length of inflorescence axis5 小花长度/mm
Floweret length将要开放小花基部到顶部的长度
Length from base to top of floweret being to open6 小花数量/朵
Floweret number/Flower每个花序上着生小花的数量 Floweret number in the inflorescence
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表 3 3 个描述性状多样性统计分析
Table 3. Statistical analysis on diversity based on 3 descriptive characteristics
性状
Characters评价
Evaluation种质份数
Germplasm copies/份百分比
Percentage/%小花颜色
Floweret color乳白色 Creamy white 36 90.00 淡粉色 Light pink 2 5.00 粉红色 Pink 2 5.00 小花开放顺序
Floweret opening order自花序轴基部向顶端依次开放
Floweret opening sequentially from the base of inflorescence axis to the top20 50.00 由花序轴中部向两端依次开放
Floweret opening sequentially from the middle of inflorescence axis to the both ends6 15.00 自花序轴顶端向基部依次开放
Floweret opening sequentially from the top of inflorescence axis to the base14 35.00 批次开花
Flower in batches有 Yes 9 22.50 无 Not 31 77.50
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表 4 3 个数量性状多样性统计分析
Table 4. Statistical analysis on diversity based on 3 quantifiable characteristics
性状 Characters 平均值 Mean 最大值 Max 最小值 Min 标准差 SD 极差 R 变异系数 CV/% 花序长度 Inflorescence length/cm 18.06 29.0 11.7 4.75 17.3 26.30 小花长度 Floweret length/mm 8.02 9.4 6.6 0.69 2.8 8.60 小花数量 Floweret number/朵 Flower 177.0 277 130 37.10 147 20.96
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表 5 主成分的特征向量、特征值、贡献率和累积贡献率
Table 5. Eigenvectors, latent roots, single and accumulative contributor ratios of principal components
性状
Characters主成分1
Principal component 1主成分2
Principal component 2主成分3
Principal component 3小花颜色 Floweret color 0.299 0.631 0.237 小花开放顺序 Floweret opening order −0.182 −0.548 0.654 批次开花 Flower in batches −0.161 0.604 0.602 花序长度 Inflorescence length 0.940 −0.061 −0.038 小花长度 Floweret length −0.327 0.494 −0.336 小花数量 Floweret number 0.936 0.031 0.076 特征值 Latent root 2.015 1.324 0.967 贡献率 Contributor ratio 33.577 22.064 16.112 累积贡献率
Accumulative contributor ratio33.577 55.640 71.752
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