福建冬作马铃薯田间主要杂草种类及药剂防除技术研究

李华伟; 许国春; 罗文彬; 纪荣昌; 汤浩

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.012

福建冬作马铃薯田间主要杂草种类及药剂防除技术研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.012

福建省农业科学院作物研究所/农业部南方薯类科学观测实验站，福建　福州　350013

基金项目: 国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-09）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD020080907）；福建省农业科学院对外协作项目（MN2018-8）

详细信息

作者简介:
李华伟（1982−），男，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事薯类病虫害防控技术研究（E-mail：hwlpoto@126.com）

通讯作者:
汤浩（1968−），男，研究员，主要从事薯类作物遗传育种研究（E-amil：tanghao9403@163.com）

中图分类号: S 482
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-08-02
- 修回日期: 2019-09-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-01

Herbicides for Control of Major Weeds on Winter Potato Fields in Fujian

Crop Institute Research Centre，Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientifi Observing and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in South China, Ministry of Agricultrue, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确福建省冬作马铃薯田间杂草类型和杂草防除技术。方法系统调查了福建省冬作区马铃薯田间杂草种类，并采用随机区组试验方法，研究噁草酮、丁草胺、乙草胺、精异丙甲草胺、精喹禾灵、高效氟吡甲禾灵和砜嘧磺隆等7种除草剂对费乌瑞它的除草效果。结果福建省冬作马铃薯田间杂草有20种以上的杂草类型，其中繁缕、牛繁缕、藜、小藜、柳叶刺廖、酸模叶廖、马唐、马齿笕、龙葵、小飞蓬为马铃薯田间主要常见杂草类型，占杂草总数量的80%以上。药剂防治结果表明：苗前除草剂防治效果较好的有960 g·L⁻¹精异丙甲草胺乳油、60%丁草胺水剂、50%乙草胺乳油、45 d相对鲜重防效为83.7%、68.4%和65.4%；苗后除草剂防治较好的有25%砜嘧磺隆水分散粒剂，45 d相对鲜重防效为90.9%。结论福建省冬作马铃薯杂草类型多样，筛选出的苗前除草剂960 g·L⁻¹精异丙甲草胺乳油和苗后除草剂25%砜嘧磺隆水分散粒剂可作为冬作马铃薯田的除草剂推广使用。
- 马铃薯 /
- 杂草 /
- 除草剂 /
- 防治技术
Abstract: Objective To determine the appropriate weed control using herbicides on fields of winter potatoes in Fujian. Methods Major species of weeds found in the areas and the applicable herbicides for controlling them were studied. A random block test was applied to evaluate the efficacies of oxadiazone, butachlor, acetochlor, s-metolachlor, quizalofop-p-ethyl, haloxyfop, and rimsulfuron on Favorite. Results More than 20 varieties of weeds were commonly found on the fields that grew winter potatoes in the province. Among them, Stellaria media , Malachium aquaticum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium serotinum, Polygonum bungeanum, Polygonum lapathifolium, Digitaria sanguinalis, Portulaca oleracea, Solanum nigrum, and Conyza canadensis accounted over 80% of all. In the weed control efficacy tests on 7 herbicides, metolachlor at 960 g·L⁻¹ application rate, 60% butachlor, and 50% acetochlor were considered most desirable. The calculated 45 d relative control effects based on fresh weed weight were 83.7% for metolachlor, 68.4% for butachlor, and 65.4% for acetochlor. On the post-seedling efficacy, the 25% sulfadisulfuron-methyl water dispersible granules exhibited the best relative control of 90.9%, among all herbicides tested. Conclusion The weeds in the field were diverse in variety. The application of metolachlor at 960 g·L⁻¹ or 25% sulfadisulfuron-methyl water dispersible granules appeared to be most effective in weed control on the winter potato fields in Fujian.
- Winter potato /
- weed /
- herbicide /
- weed control

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图 1 福建省冬作马铃薯田间杂草类型

Figure 1. Weeds on winter potato fields in Fujian

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表 1 除草剂对大田马铃薯安全评价

Table 1. Safety of herbicides evaluated after field application

处理 Treatment	剂量 Measurement/ （mL·hm⁻²）	症状 Symptoms
250 g·L⁻¹噁草酮（Oxadiazon）	1 950	严重畸形、矮化、药害严重 Serious phytotoxicition
60%丁草胺（Butachlor）	1 800	黄化、药害轻微 Slight phytotoxicition
50%乙草胺（Acetochlor）	1 500	失绿、药害轻微 Slight phytotoxicition
960 g·L⁻¹精异丙甲草胺（S-metolachlor）	1 500	正常 Normal
10%精喹禾灵（Quizalofop-p-ethyl）	450	黄化、药害轻微 Slight phytotoxicition
108 g·L⁻¹高效氟吡甲禾灵（Haloxyfop）	600	正常 Normal
25%砜嘧磺隆（Rimsulfuron）	450	正常 Normal
对照（CK）	6 000	正常 Normal

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表 2 不同除草剂对马铃薯田间杂草的防效

Table 2. Prevention and elimination of weed proliferation by herbicides on winter potato fields

处理 Treatment	阔叶杂草 Broadleaved herb		禾本科杂草 Gramineous weeds		合计 Total
处理 Treatment	株防效/%	鲜重防效/%	株防效/%	鲜重防效/%	株防效/%	鲜重防效/%
噁草酮 Oxadiazon	73.3	77.2	62.3	67.3	67.9±1.5 c	71.8±0.5 b
丁草胺 Butachlor	48.6	58.6	74.9	78.2	62.7±1.0 d	68.4±5.1 b
乙草胺 Acetochlor	45.3	51.3	76.3	79.5	61.8±1.0 d	65.4±1.3 b
精异丙甲草胺 S-metolachlor	73.3	81.6	81.4	82.6	75.9±1.2 b	83.7±0.9 a
盖草特 Quizalofop-p-ethyl	—	—	82.3	86.3	39.7±3.8 f	42.3±0.4 c
高效氟吡甲禾 Haloxyfop	—	—	93.8	99.6	47.6±3.1 e	48.0±1.1 c
25%砜嘧磺隆 Rimsulfuron	81.3	88.6	90.4	91.6	85.7±4.5 a	90.9±0.5 a
对照 CK	—	—	—	—	—	—
注：—表示无效；小写字母表示差异显著水平（P＜0.05）。 Note:— means invalid; different lowercase letters mean significant difference （P＜0.05）.

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