解淀粉芽孢杆菌液体肥在茶叶上的应用研究

林斌; 黄菊青; 官雪芳; 郑炎; 徐庆贤; 王琦; 钱蕾; 郑怡; 张臣心; 汤铜华; 赵孟涛

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.009

解淀粉芽孢杆菌液体肥在茶叶上的应用研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.009

1.
福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所，福建　福州　350003
2.
福建省南平市建瓯市畜牧站，福建　建瓯　353124
3.
福建省武夷山市茗域岩茶厂，福建　武夷山　354300
4.
福建省上杭县蛟潭高山茶业发展有限公司，福建　上杭　364200

基金项目: 福建省财政厅教育科研专项（闽财指[2014]680号、[2015]1297号、[2016]978号）；福建省科技计划公益类专项（2019R1032-4）

详细信息

作者简介:
林斌（1964−），男，博士，研究员，主要从事微生物领域研究（E-mail：linbin591@163.com）

中图分类号: S 571.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-19
- 修回日期: 2019-09-12
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-01

Application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Liquid Fertilizer on Tea Bushes

1.
Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Jian’ou Animal Husbandry Station of Nanping, Jian’ou, Fujian　353124, China
3.
Wuyi Mingyu Rock Tea Factory, Wuyishan, Fujian　354300, China
4.
Shanghang Jiaotan Alpine Tea Industry Development Co., Ltd., Shanghang, Fujian　364200, China

摘要

摘要: 目的考察解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens液体肥W208YF施用对铁观音乌龙茶产量、品质和茶园土壤相关指标的影响。方法采用田间小区试验，设W208YF（解淀粉芽孢杆菌液体肥，菌液浓度为4.00×10⁶ cfu·mL⁻¹，使用量100 L·hm⁻²）和等量清水对照（CK）2个处理，重复4次，进行差异性比较。结果 W208YF处理的茶叶产量、水浸出物含量和游离氨基酸总量较CK均显著增加，增幅分别为11.10%、10.60%和8.10%，而茶叶咖啡碱含量则显著下降，降幅为24.30%；同时，W208YF的茶园土壤肥力（全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质和腐殖酸含量）及微生物多样性指数（Shannon、Simpson指数及β多样性）均明显优于CK。结论施用解淀粉芽孢杆菌液体肥W208YF能够明显提升茶园土壤肥力及微生物群落多样性，并显著提高茶叶产量和品质。
- 解淀粉芽孢杆菌 /
- 液体肥 /
- 茶叶 /
- 生化品质 /
- 土壤肥力
Abstract: Objective Effects of a bacterial liquid fertilizer on the yield and quality of tea bushes as well as the fertility of soil at the plantation were studied. Methods The Tieguanyin bushes in a plot at a tea plantation were fertilized with W208YF, a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid fertilizer, to compare with water as control (CK) for the experimentation. The treatment group was applied at a rate of 100 L·hm⁻² with 4.00×10⁶ cfu·mL⁻¹ concentration of W208YF. Tea yield and quality at harvest and fertility and microbial diversity of the plantation soil were determined. Results The yield, water extracts, and free amino acids of the tea from the treatment group were significantly higher than those of CK. Specifically, the yield increased 11.10%, the water soluble 10.60%, and the free amino acid content 8.10% over CK. On the other hand, the caffeine of W208YF-fertilized tea was significantly lower by 24.30% than that of CK. The fertility (i.e., total nitrogen, alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matters, and humic acid), microbial diversity Shannon and Simpson indices, and β diversity of the fertilized soil were significantly increased as compared with CK. Conclusion Application of W208YF liquid fertilizer significantly improved the tea yield and quality as well as the plantation soil fertility and microbial diversity.
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens /
- liquid fertilizer /
- tea /
- biochemical quality /
- soil fertility

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图 1 PCoA分析试验处理（W208YF）和空白对照（CK）茶园土壤微生物群落结构差异

Figure 1. Microbial community structures in W208YF-fertilized soil and CK according to PCoA analysis

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表 1 施用（W208YF）对茶叶产量和品质生化成分的影响

Table 1. Yield and physiochemical indicators of tea bushes fertilized with W208YF

处理 Treatments	每667m²产量 Yield per 667m²/ kg	水浸出物 Water extract/（g·hg⁻¹）	游离氨基酸 Free amino acid/（g·hg⁻¹）	茶多酚 Tea polyphenol/（g·hg⁻¹）	咖啡碱 Caffeine/（g·hg⁻¹）
CK	60.25±1.87	36.90±0.30	2.21±0.06	27.10±0.40	1.56±0.08
W208YF	66.96±2.54^*	40.80±1.00^*	2.39±0.07^*	28.30±0.90	1.18±0.06^*
注：结果以平均值±标准偏差表示（n=4），同一列数据右上方表示与CK组相比具有差异显著性（P＜0.05，独立样本t检验法）。表3同。 Note: Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation （n=4）. mean significant difference at the 0.05 level with the t test of independent sample. The same as Table 3.

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表 2 施用W208YF对茶园土壤肥力的影响

Table 2. Fertility of plantation soil fertilized with W208YF

项目 Items	CK	W208YF
全氮 Total notrogen/%	0.06±0.01	0.11±0.01^*
全磷 Total phosphorus/%	0.01±0.00	0.01±0.00
全钾 Total potassium/%	1.15±0.02	1.18±0.04
碱解氮 Alkali nitrogen/（mg·kg⁻¹）	52.90±4.20	96.00±8.90^*
有效磷 Available phosphorus/（mg·kg⁻¹）	8.30±1.10	12.70±2.70^*
速效钾 Aavailable potassium/（mg·kg⁻¹）	137.50±10.10	179.50±27.50^*
有机质 Organic matter/（g·kg⁻¹）	15.40±0.60	28.00±2.30^*
腐殖酸 humic acid/（g·kg⁻¹）	6.40±0.20	11.20±1.20^*
注：结果以平均值±标准偏差表示（n=4），同一行数据右上方表示与CK组相比具有差异显著性（P＜0.05，独立样本t检验法）。 Note: Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation （n=4）. mean significant difference at the 0.05 level with the t test of independent sample.

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表 3 施用W208YF对茶园土壤土壤微生物多样性的影响

Table 3. Microbial diversity of plantation soil fertilized with W208YF

处理 Treatment	微生物多样性指数 Microbial diversity index
处理 Treatment	ACE	Chao1	Shannon	Simpson
CK	2 364.36±239.51	2 380.55±149.58	5.80±0.33	0.01±0.00
W208YF	2 542.08±168.27	2 529.06±172.15	6.42±0.27^*	0.02±0.01^*

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