早熟优质籼稻三系不育系伍天A的选育

王天生; 陈惠清; 谢旺有; 谢少和; 陈锦文; 李坤泰; 陈秉发; 黄荣裕

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.005

早熟优质籼稻三系不育系伍天A的选育

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.005

1.
福建省泉州市农业科学研究所，福建　泉州　362200
2.
福建神农大丰种业科技有限公司，福建　三明　365000
3.
厦门大学生命科学学院，福建　厦门　361102

基金项目: 福建省科技计划项目（2017N0201、2017N1005）；福建省作物设计育种重点实验室2018年度开放项目（2018FJCBD01）；泉州市科技计划项目（2018N051）；水稻生物学国家重点实验室开放课题（170101）

详细信息

作者简介:
王天生（1981−），男，硕士研究生，助理研究员，主要从事水稻新品种（组合）选育（E-mail：271925299@qq.com）

通讯作者:
谢旺有（1973−），男，副研究员，主要从事水稻育种研究（E-mail：38146312@qq.com）

黄荣裕（1976−），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事水稻遗传与育种应用研究（E-mail：huangrongyu@xmu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 511.2+1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-10
- 修回日期: 2019-08-07
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-01

Breeding of High-quality, Early-maturing Indica Rice CMS Lines

1.
Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Science, Quanzhou, Fujian 362200, China
2.
Fujian Shennong Dafeng Seed Industry Technology Co., Ltd., Sanming, Fujian　365000, China
3.
School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian　361102, China

摘要

摘要: 目的选育早熟优质三系不育系，为优质稻新品种选育奠定基础。方法 2007年早季以泉5B/天丰B的F₄代为父本，与不育系泉5A测交，经过多代回交和多年观察筛选，选育早熟优质三系不育系新品种。结果选育出的早熟优质不育系伍天A，于2019年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定（闽审稻20190047），表现育性稳定，不育株率100%，不育度99.99%；异交率高，柱头总外露率64.77%；米质优，稻米的主要品质指标：整精米率66.0%、粒长6.7 mm、长宽比3.4、垩白粒率4%、垩白度0.6%、透明度1级、碱消值7.0级、胶稠度50 mm、直链淀粉含量23.8%，其中整精米率、垩白度、透明度、碱消值均达到NY/T593-2013《食用稻品种品质》一等食用籼稻品种品质标准，但胶稠度、直链淀粉含量等指标还不够理想，需在保持其优质早熟等优良特性的基础上，对品质性状进行改造提升；早熟，播始历期均在66 d左右，与天丰A相同；配合力强，伍天A与R713配组育成的三系稻新组合——伍天A/R713于2019年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定（闽审稻20190035）。结论伍天A是一个育性稳定、异交率高、米质优、早熟、配合力强的三系不育系，可以配制出优质、多种熟期的三系杂交水稻新组合。
- 优质稻 /
- 籼稻 /
- 三系不育系 /
- 伍天A /
- 选育
Abstract: Objective To breed high-quality, early-maturing CMS lines of Indica rice. Method The F₄ lines derived from Quan 5B×Tianfeng B hybrid was used as male parent to cross with CMS line Quan 5A in spring 2007 to develop a new rice CMS line, Wutian A, after several backcrossing, observations, and selections for further breeding purpose. Result The newly bred high-quality, early-maturing Wutian A was certified by Fujian Crop Variety Evaluation Committee in 2019 (Certificate No. 20190047). It was stable on male sterility, 100% on plant sterility, 99.99% on pollen sterility, high on outcrossing, and 64.77% on stigma exposure. The rice had the desirable quality with grains that were 66.0% unbroken, 6.7 mm long and 3.4 on length/width ratio, 4% of chalky appearance and 0.6% on chalkiness reading, 23.8% in amylose content, and Grade A on transparency, 7.0 on alkali spreading value, and 50 mm on gel consistency after cooking. Among those characteristics, the non-breakage, chalkiness, transparency and alkali spreading value were top rated for edible Indica rice on quality according to the standards set forth by the Quality of Edible Rice Variety. Whereas, the amylose content and gel consistency could be upgraded with improvements. Like Tianfeng A, Wutian A had a 66 d sowing-to-heading maturation period and strong combining ability. Using Wutian A as the female parent to cross R713 as the male parent, an elite hybrid combination, Wutian A/R713, was bred and certified by Fujian Crop Variety Evaluation Committee in 2019 (Certificate No. 20190035). Conclusion Wutian A, a new CMS cultivar with stable male sterility, high crossing rate, desirable grain quality, early maturation, and strong combining ability, was considered an excellent cultivar for breeding new varieties of 3-line combination hybrid rice.
- high-quality rice /
- Indica rice /
- CMS line /
- Wutian A /
- breeding

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图 1 伍天A的选育经过

Figure 1. Breeding procedure of Wutian A

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表 1 伍天A不同播种时期的播始历期

Table 1. Days from sowing to heading of Wutian A seeded at different time of a year

播种日期/月-日 Sowing date/Month-day	播始历期 Days from sowing to heading/d
播种日期/月-日 Sowing date/Month-day	伍天A Wutian A	天丰A Tianfeng A
04-10	66	66
04-20	67	68
04-30	65	65
05-10	66	66
05-20	65	65
05-30	66	66
06-10	67	67

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表 2 伍天A逐日开花速率

Table 2. Flowering rate per day of Wutian A

始花后天数 Day after flowering/d	日开花数 Number of flowers per day		日开花比率 Flowering rate per day/%
始花后天数 Day after flowering/d	伍天A Wutian A	天丰A Tianfeng A	伍天A Wutian A	天丰A Tianfeng A
1	2.17	4.50	1.26	2.56
2	18.00	16.83	10.45	9.58
3	44.83	42.00	26.04	23.91
4	44.67	46.33	25.94	26.38
5	39.83	38.50	23.14	21.92
6	18.67	21.00	10.84	11.95
7	4.00	6.50	2.32	3.70

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表 3 伍天A花时分布

Table 3. Breeding procedure of Wutian A

开花时刻 Blooming time	时开花数 Number of flowers per hour		时开花比率 Flowers rate per hour/%
开花时刻 Blooming time	伍天A Wutian A	天丰A Tianfeng A	伍天A Wutian A	天丰A Tianfeng A
8:30	5.50	5.83	16.18	16.51
9:30	16.00	16.33	47.06	46.23
10:30	3.33	3.67	9.80	10.38
11:30	2.17	2.67	6.37	7.55
12:30	0.33	0.50	0.98	1.42
13:30	3.00	2.50	8.82	7.08
14:30	2.33	2.00	6.86	5.66
15:30	1.00	1.33	2.94	3.77
16:30	0.33	0.50	0.98	1.42

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表 4 伍天A稻瘟病抗性表现

Table 4. Blast resistance of Wutian A

品种 Variety	叶瘟 Leaf blast				穗颈瘟 Neck blast					室内鉴定 Laboratory identification		抗性综评 Comprehensive evaluation of resistance
品种 Variety	发病率 Morbidity rate/%	病情指数 Disease index	最高级 Highest level	抗感表现 R and S reaction	发病率 Morbidity rate/%	发病级 Disease level	病情指数 Disease index	最高级 Highest levle	抗感表现 R and S reaction	抗菌株率 Rate of resistant strains	抗感表现 R and S reaction	抗性综评 Comprehensive evaluation of resistance
伍天A Wutian A	25.75	13.85	9	MS	71.13	9	43.21	9	S	12.5	S	S
天丰A Tianfeng A	24.50	13.94	9	MS	71.75	9	43.69	9	S	12.5	S	S

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表 5 伍天A与部分恢复系配制杂交组合结实率

Table 5. Seed setting rate of hybrids derived from Wutian A and restore lines

新组合 New combinations	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	新组合 New combinations	结实率 Seed setting rate/%
伍天A/蜀恢527 Wutian A/Shuhui 527	80.6	伍天A/泰国小香占 Wutian A/Thailand Xiaoxiangzhan	80.2
伍天A/成恢727 Wutian A/Chenghui 727	80.8	伍天A/明恢86 Wutian A/Minghui 86	78.3
伍天A/华占 Wutian A/Huazhan	79.8	伍天A/R534 Wutian A/R534	83.6
伍天A/福恢676 Wutian A/Fuhui 676	81.2	伍天A/R713 Wutian A/R 713	77.3*
注：伍天A/R713为2016年、2017年参加福建省区域试验的平均值。 Note: Data from 2016 and 2017 regional trials in Fujian.

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