辣椒健康植株与患枯萎病植株根际土壤细菌群落多样性的比较研究

赖宝春; 戴瑞卿; 吴振强; 李丰; 林德峰; 王家瑞

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.012

辣椒健康植株与患枯萎病植株根际土壤细菌群落多样性的比较研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.012

福建省漳州市农业科学研究所，福建　漳州　363005

基金项目: 福建省科技计划项目（2017N0042）

详细信息

作者简介:
赖宝春（1979−），女，硕士，副研究员，研究方向：有益微生物筛选及植物病害生物防治（E-mail：lbc1999@163.com）

中图分类号: S 436
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-06
- 修回日期: 2019-08-15
- 刊出日期: 2019-09-01

Bacterial Diversities in Rhizosphere Soils at Sites of Healthy and Fusarium Wilt Infected Chili Plants

Zhangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Fujian Province , Zhangzhou , Fujian　363005 , China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析辣椒健康植株和患枯萎病植株根际土壤中细菌群落多样性，为辣椒枯萎病生态防控提供理论依据。方法采集漳州3个辣椒种植基地枯萎病典型患病样地的健康植株根际土壤（JK）和患病植株根际土壤（KW），对土样中的细菌群落进行基于Illumina Miseq测序平台的宏基因组高通量测序，明确健康辣椒植株与枯萎病患病植株根际土壤细菌多样性。结果患枯萎病植株根际土壤细菌的优质序列比健康植株少14 376条，OTUs少1 239个。在门水平上，健康植株和患病植株根际土壤微生物组成相似，但相对丰度存在差异。在属水平上，健康植株根际的鞘氨醇单孢菌属Sphingomonas相对丰度比患病植株增加了5.05百分点；而金属细菌属Metallibacterium相对丰度比患病植株减少了6.09百分点。部分物种丰度分析表明患病辣椒土壤根际中壤红杆菌属Solirubrobacter、小双孢菌属Microbispora、短链球孢囊菌属Catelliglobosispora和假双头斧形菌属Pseudolabrys等4个属的物种丰度低于健康辣椒。结论辣椒患病植株根际土壤中的细菌群落结构发生改变及物种丰度降低是辣椒枯萎病患病的重要特征，提示早期添加优势益生菌是防控辣椒枯萎病的新思路。
- 辣椒枯萎病 /
- 根际土壤 /
- 高通量测序 /
- 细菌多样性
Abstract: Objective Diversities of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soils, where healthy or fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum Schl.) infected chili plants were found, were compared for information to facilitate the disease control. Method Soil samples at sites of healthy (JK) and diseased (KW) chili plants from 3 cultivation extension stations in Zhangzhou, Fujian were collected. The macrogenomic sequences of the specimens were obtained using Illumina Miseq high-throughput platform. Result The high-quality alpha diversity indices on KW was 14376 fewer and the operational taxonomic units 1239 less than those of JK. The microbial phyla found in JK and KW were similar on composition but significantly differed on relative abundance. Among the various genera identified, Sphingomonas in JK was 5.05% higher than in KW on relative abundance, while Metallibacterium 6.09% lower. The analysis on part of the species indicated that the abundance of 4 genera, such as Solirubrobacter, Microbispora, Catelliglobosispora and Pseudolabrys, were lower in KW than JK. Conclusion The differentiations between JK and KW on the composition and abundance of their microbial communities could likely affect the occurrence of the wilt on the chili plants grown on the sites. Hence, measures for remedy, such as addition of dominant probiotics in the soil at early stage of plant growth, might be a plausible new approach to control the wilt disease on chili plants in the field.
- chili fusarium wilt /
- rhizosphere soil /
- high-throughput sequencing technology /
- bacterial diversity

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图 1 健康辣椒和患病辣椒根际土壤细菌Shannon指数稀释曲线

Figure 1. Shannon index-based rarefaction curves on bacteria in rhizosphere soils at JK and KW

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图 2 健康辣椒和患病辣椒根际土壤细菌OTUs韦恩图

Figure 2. Venn diagram of bacteria OTUs in rhizosphere soils at JK and KW

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图 3 属分类水平辣椒健康和患病植株根际土壤细菌物种丰度比较

Figure 3. Abundance of bacteria species in rhizosphere soils at JK and KW

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表 1 辣椒健康植株和患病植株根际土壤细菌α多样性指数

Table 1. Alpha diversity indices of bacteria in rhizosphere soils at JK and KW

样本名称 Sample ID	优质序列/条 Seq num	OTU/条 OTU num	香农指数 Shannon index	ACE 指数 ACE index	Chao 指数 Chao1 index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	覆盖率 Coverage
健康 JK	45 115	7 164	6.48	4 898.99	4 623.74	6.9e-03	0.97
枯萎 KW	30 739	5 925	5.90	3 586.81	3 406.71	0.02	0.97
P 值 P-vaule	0.045	0.005	0.001	0.003	0.003	0.817	−
显著性差异分析 Analysis of significant differences	*	**	**	**	**
注：：差异显著；：差异极显著。 Note: : exsting differences; **: exsting significant differences.

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表 2 健康辣椒和患病辣椒根际土壤细菌的种系分类

Table 2. Phylogenetic classifications of bacteria in rhizosphere soils at JK and KW

种系分类 Classification	门 Phylum	纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus
健康 JK	26	56	76	165	435
枯萎 KW	23	54	76	164	427

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表 3 健康辣椒和患病辣椒根际土壤细菌在不同分类阶元的细菌丰度

Table 3. Taxonomic compositions of bacterial communities in rhizosphere soils at JK and KW

分类阶元 Taxonomic category	细菌丰度 Bacterial abundance/%		分类阶元 Taxonomic category	细菌丰度 Bacterial abundance/%
分类阶元 Taxonomic category	健康 JK	枯萎 KW	分类阶元 Taxonomic category	健康 JK	枯萎 KW
变形菌门 Proteobacteria	49.86	52.25	GP13属GP13	1.62	1.50
α-变形菌纲 Alphaproteobacteria	28.66	18.58	GP14 属 GP14	0.05	0.62
鞘氨醇单胞菌属 Sphingomonas	10.59	5.54	GP16 属 GP16	0.77	0.39
产卟啉杆菌属 Porphyrobacter	0.87	0.46	未被分类的细菌纲 unclassified_Class	0.76	0.44
德沃斯氏菌属 Devosia	0.57	0.54	未被分类的细菌属 unclassified_Genus	1.86	2.32
粘着箭菌属 Ensifer	0.52	0.69	放线菌门 Actinobacteria	7.39	7.76
乳酸杆菌属 Lacibacterium	1.77	0.76	放线菌纲 Actinobacteria	7.30	7.69
γ-变形菌纲 Gammaproteobacteria	15.33	29.04	链霉菌属 Streptomyces	0.65	0.58

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续上表
分类阶元 Taxonomic category	细菌丰度 Bacterial abundance/%		分类阶元 Taxonomic category	细菌丰度 Bacterial abundance/%
分类阶元 Taxonomic category	健康 JK	枯萎 KW	分类阶元 Taxonomic category	健康 JK	枯萎 KW
产黄杆菌属 Rhodanobacter	3.72	7.28	Jatrophihabitans 属 Jatrophihabitans	0.19	0.64
金属细菌属 Metallibacterium	1.85	7.94	Gaiella 属 Gaiella	1.88	1.45
藤黄单胞菌属 Luteimonas	1.28	0.75	未被分类的细菌纲 unclassified_Class	0.09	0.07
戴氏菌属 Dyella	1.27	1.15	未被分类的细菌属 unclassified_Genus	4.67	5.09
藤黄色杆菌属 Luteibacter	0.18	1.25	芽单胞菌门 Gemmatimonadetes	5.24	3.05
独岛氏菌属 Dokdonella	0.67	0.15	芽单胞菌纲 Gemmatimonadetes	5.24	3.05
Povalibacter 属 Povalibacter	0.49	0.76	芽单胞菌属 Gemmatimonas	5.24	3.05
假单胞菌属 Pseudomonas	1.61	1.63	未被分类的细菌纲 unclassified_Class	0	0
β-变形菌纲 Betaproteobacteria	4.35	3.37	未被分类的细菌属 unclassified_Genus	0	0
δ-变形菌纲 Deltaproteobacteria	1.44	1.19	拟杆菌门 Bacteroidetes	5.04	6.85
未被分类的细菌纲 unclassified_Class	0.08	0.07	鞘脂杆菌纲 Sphingobacteriia	3.65	3.57
未被分类的细菌属 unclassified_Genus	24.47	23.35	噬纤维菌纲 Cytophagia	0.91	0.90
酸杆菌门 Acidobacteria	14.17	12.50	噬纤维菌属 Cytophaga	0.02	0.01
酸杆菌纲 Acidobacteria	13.41	12.06	黄杆菌纲 Flavobacteriia	0.41	2.20
GP1 属 GP1	2.21	1.41	黄杆菌属 Flavobacterium	0.09	0.04
GP2 属 GP2	3.25	3.16	Arenibacter 属 Arenibacter	0.15	0.84
GP3 属 GP3	1.40	0.73	未被分类的细菌纲 unclassified_Class	0.07	0.18
Aridibacter 属 Aridibacter	0.69	0.57	未被分类的细菌属 unclassified_Genus	4.78	5.96
GP6 属 GP6	2.32	1.80

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