• 中文核心期刊
  • CSCD来源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • CA、CABI、ZR收录期刊

农药对银耳生长的影响及质量安全风险评估

Effects of Pesticides on Growth and Food Safety of Tremella fuciformis

  • 摘要:
      目的  研究不同农药对我国两种银耳(Tremella fuciformis Berk)主栽品种Tr01、Tr21生长及农药残留的影响。
      方法  采用拌料方式添加不同质量浓度的9组(11种)农药处理,测定各组银耳生长性状、产量、农药残留并开展质量安全风险评估。
      结果  在9组农药拌料栽培处理条件下,联苯菊酯、啶虫脒、氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素、乙酰甲胺磷、咪鲜胺、吡虫啉、异丙威、哒螨灵、克百威、毒死蜱11种农药在500 、1 000、2 000 mg·kg−1拌料质量浓度下,除吡虫啉组外,其他农药拌料组银耳均未检出农药残留。银耳中吡虫啉残留引起的最高膳食急性、慢性风险熵分别为0.006、0.000 9,远小于1,说明其膳食健康风险极低。20%异丙威乳油拌料添加会导致银耳子实体无法正常生长。3.5%氯氰菊酯、1.5%啶虫脒微乳剂,5%阿维菌素乳油,30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油拌料添加会显著降低银耳Tr01的产量。3%联苯菊酯、3%啶虫脒微乳剂,3.5%氯氰菊酯、1.5%啶虫脒微乳剂拌料添加会显著降低银耳Tr21的产量。
      结论  银耳品种Tr01比品种Tr21更易受农药影响;异丙威等部分农药种类会抑制银耳生长;在试验条件下,银耳中的农药残留膳食风险处于可接受水平。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  Effect of various pesticides on the growth of Tremella fuciformis Berk and the food safety assessment on the pesticide residues were studied.
      Method  Two major T. fuciformis Berk cultivars, Tr01 and Tr21, of Gutian County in Fujian were cultivated on substrates under 9 treatments that applied 11 pesticides in varied concentrations to monitor the fungal growth and yield. Upon maturation, fruiting bodies were harvested for chemical analysis to determine the health risk of pesticide residues for food consumption.
      Result  Other than imidacloprid, none of the tested pesticides left a detectable residue in the fruiting bodies. Even the highest hazard quotients (HQs) of imidacloprid on the acute and chronic health risks were far below 1 at 0.006 and 0.000 9, respectively. The application of 20% isoprocarb emulsion caused deformation on the fruiting bodies of both varieties. On fungal yield, among the pesticides, 3.5% cypermethrin and 1.5% acetamiprid microemulsion reduced the yields of both cultivars; 5% avermectin emulsion and 30% acephate emulsion lowered the yield of Tr01; and, 3% bifenthrin and 3% acetamiprid microemulsion decreased the yield of Tr21.
      Conclusion  The growth of Tr01 was more sensitivity to pesticide applications than Tr21, and neither T. fuciformis cultivars could develop normally on substrate with the presence of isoprocarb. Within the treatment limits applied in this study, the pesticide residues in the fruiting bodies seemed to post little health risk for consumers.

     

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