不同光质处理对樱桃番茄生长发育和叶绿素荧光的影响

樊小雪; 杨亚娜; 徐刚

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.005

不同光质处理对樱桃番茄生长发育和叶绿素荧光的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.005

樊小雪^1,,
杨亚娜²,
徐刚^1, ,

1.
江苏省农业科学院蔬菜研究所，江苏　南京　210014
2.
山西农业大学园艺学院，山西　太谷　030801

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFB0403903）

详细信息

作者简介:
樊小雪（1983−），女，博士，副研究员，研究方向：蔬菜无土栽培（E-mail：fxx600@163.com）

通讯作者:
徐刚（1963−），男，博士，研究员，研究方向：蔬菜栽培（E-mail：xugang90@163.com）

中图分类号: S 571.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 1230
- HTML全文浏览量: 297
- PDF下载量: 31
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-04
- 修回日期: 2019-07-29
- 刊出日期: 2019-09-01

Effects of LED Light on Growth and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Cherry Tomatoes

FAN Xiao-xue^1
,,
YANG Ya-na²,
XU Gang^{1
, ,}

1.
Institute of Vegetables, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu　210014, China
2.
College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi　030801, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索红蓝LED光源在番茄设施栽培生产上的精准化应用，为番茄苗高品质栽培提供理论依据。方法以樱桃番茄千禧为材料，设置6个不同光处理：对照白光（CK）、红/蓝=1 ∶ 1（1R1B）、红/蓝=7 ∶ 3（7R3B）、红/蓝=3 ∶ 7（3R7B）、单红光（R）和单蓝光（B）。于3叶1心期开始进行光照处理，研究不同光处理30 d后对樱桃番茄生长的影响。测定不同光处理下番茄植株生长状态指标（干鲜重、壮苗指数、根冠比）、叶片光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及丙二醛（MDA）含量变化。结果 LED光处理下番茄植株鲜重均高于对照，其中7R3B最高，比对照增加了50.5%，其次为1R1B处理比对照增加了31.3%；番茄植株干重在1R1B下最高，比对照（1.11 g）增加了61.0%；壮苗指数在1R1B下数值最高，显著高于对照及其他处理。研究还发现3个红蓝组合光下的植株壮苗指数均高于对照，而两个单色光处理下的壮苗指数均低于对照。使用LED光照处理后，单色红光处理对番茄叶片中叶绿素含量有抑制作用，其他光处理下叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量都有所上升。POD活性随着处理中红光比例的增加而提高，蓝光会降低POD活性；SOD活性在6个光处理下没有显著性差异；MOD活性在1R1B下数值最高，在红光下数值最低。结论红蓝1 ∶ 1组合光下植株生长健壮，番茄植株的干物质积累量大，光合效率较高，可以作为人工栽培光源的有效参数。
- 樱桃番茄 /
- LED光 /
- 质量 /
- 叶绿素荧光
Abstract: Objective Effects of exposure to red and/or blue LEDs in a cultivation facility on growth and photosynthesis of cherry tomato plants were studied. Method Starting at 3-leaves-1-shoot stage, the Millennium Tomato seedlings were exposed to white light (CK), LEDred:blue=1 ∶ 1, LEDred:blue=7 ∶ 3, LEDred:blue=3 ∶ 7, red LED and blue LED for 30 days. During the treatment, changes on the dry and fresh weight gains, growth, and root/shoot ratio of the seedlings as well as the photosynthetic pigment contents, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaves were monitored. Result The fresh weight of the tomato plants exposed to the LED treatments was higher than that of CK with the greatest effect found under 7red ∶ 3blue, which was 50.5% higher than that of CK, and the second highest of 31.3% increase over CK under 1red:1blue. On a dry weight basis, however, the greatest increase of 61.0% over CK was observed under 1red ∶ 1blue, which also rendered a significantly higher plant growth index than CK and the other treatments. Almost all the LED treatments increased the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, except for red LED, which inhibited chlorophyll generation. POD became more active under increasing red exposure but less with increasing blue proportion when red and blue LEDs were combined for the treatment. No significant differences in the SOD activity of the plants exposed to different LED treatments was observed. The exposure to 1red ∶ 1blue produced the most MDA in leaves while red LED the least. Conclusion The 1red ∶ 1blue LED combination yielded strong growth, high dry matter accumulation, and improved photosynthetic efficiency on the cherry tomato plants cultivated under a controlled environment as shown in the experimentation.
- Cherry tomato /
- LED /
- quality /
- chlorophyll fluorescence

HTML全文

图 1 光质对番茄抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

注：不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)。

Figure 1. Effects of LED light on antioxidant enzymes activity and MDA content in tomato leaves

Note: Different letters indicate significant differences at P＜0.05.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同光质LED光谱

Table 1. Spectrograms of LEDs

处理 Light treatment	光谱分布 Light spectral distribution	光强 Light intensity/(μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)	红光光强 Red light intensity/(μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)	蓝光光强 Blue light intensity/(μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)
CK	镝灯白光	300	—	—
1R1B	R∶B=1∶1	300	150	150
7R3B	R∶B=7∶3	300	210	90
3R7B	R∶B=3∶7	300	90	210
R	R	300	300	—
B	B	300	—	300

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 LED光质对植株干、鲜重的影响

Table 2. Effects of LED light on fresh and dry weights of tomato plants

处理 Treatment	单株总鲜重 Total fresh weight per plant/g	单株总干重 Total dry weight per plant/g	壮苗指数 Healthy index	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
CK	8.95 b	1.11 b	0.25 b	0.12 a
RB1	11.75 ab	1.79 a	0.47 a	0.14 a
RB2	13.47 a	1.42 ab	0.29 b	0.11 a
RB3	9.54 b	1.05 b	0.26 b	0.14 a
R	9.77 b	0.93 b	0.19 b	0.13 a
B	10.7 ab	1.07 b	0.20 b	0.11 a
注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)。表3、表4同。 Note: Different letters within a row indicate significant differences （P＜0.05）. The same as table 3 and table 4.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 LED光质对番茄叶片光合色素的影响

Table 3. Effect of LED light on photosynthetic pigments in tomato leaves

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/(mg·g⁻¹)	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/(mg·g⁻¹)	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid/%	叶绿素a/b Chlorophyll a/b
CK	1.34 b	0.63 ab	0.12 ab	2.13 ab
1R1B	1.72 a	0.75 ab	0.16 a	2.29 ab
7R3B	1.53 ab	0.80 a	0.10 b	1.91 b
3R7B	1.76 a	0.71 ab	0.13 ab	2.48 ab
R	1.28 b	0.70 ab	0.08 b	1.83 b
B	1.45 b	0.58 b	0.09 b	2.50 a

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 光质对番茄荧光参数的影响

Table 4. Effect of LED light on chlorophyll fluorescence of tomato leaves

光处理 Light Treatment	实际光合效率 Yield	电子传递速率 ETR	光化学淬灭系数 qL	非光化学淬灭系数 NPQ	最大光化学效率 Fv/Fm
CK	0.417 a	49.9 a	0.34 a	1.08 c	0.815 a
1R1B	0.402 a	48.1 a	0.37 a	1.38 bc	0.814 a
7R3B	0.199 b	23.8 b	0.17 b	1.98 a	0.810 a
3R7B	0.243 b	29.2 b	0.21 b	1.90 a	0.816 a
R	0.202 b	24.1 b	0.17 b	1.76 ab	0.810 a
B	0.279 b	33.3 b	0.23 b	1.63 ab	0.817 a

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(18)

[1]	杨延杰, 李天来, 林多, 等. 光照强度对番茄生长及产量的影响 [J]. 青岛农业大学学报, 2007, 24(3):199−202. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-148X.2007.03.013 YANG Y J, LI T L, LIN D, et al. Effects of Different Light intensity on Growth and Yield of Tomato [J]. Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University, 2007, 24(3): 199−202.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-148X.2007.03.013
[2]	常涛涛, 刘晓英, 徐志刚, 等. 不同光谱能量分布对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响 [J]. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(8):1748−1756. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.08.025 CHANG T T, LIU X Y, XU Z G, et al. Effects of Light Spectral Energy Distribution on Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(8): 1748−1756.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.08.025
[3]	刘振威, 孙丽, 方婷婷, 等. 不同光质及组合对番茄幼苗生长及生理特性的影响 [J]. 华北农学报, 2015, 30(5):141−145. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.05.024 LIU Z W, SUN L, FANG T T, et al. Effects of Different Light Qualities on Growth and PhysiologicalCharacteristics of Tomato Seedlings [J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-sinica, 2015, 30(5): 141−145.(in Chinese) doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.05.024
[4]	王丽伟, 李岩, 辛国凤, 等. 不同比例红蓝光对番茄幼苗生长和光合作用的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(5):1595−1602. WANG LW, LI Y, XIN G F, et al. Effects of different proportions of red and blue light on the growth and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings [J]. Journal of applied ecology, 2017, 28(5): 1595−1602.(in Chinese)
[5]	孙娜, 魏珉, 李岩, 等. 光质对番茄幼苗碳氮代谢及相关酶活性的影响 [J]. 园艺学报, 2016, 43(1):80−88. SUN N, WEI M, LI Y, et al. Effects of Light Quality on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Enzyme Activities in Tomato Seedlings [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2016, 43(1): 80−88.(in Chinese)
[6]	李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000: 134, 164−167.
[7]	崔瑾, 马志虎, 徐志刚, 等. 不同光质补光对黄瓜、辣椒和番茄幼苗生长及生理特性的影响 [J]. 园艺学报, 2009, 36(5):663−670. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2009.05.006 CUI J, MA Z H, XU Z G, et al. Effects of Supplemental Lighting with Different Light Qualities on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cucumber, Pepper and Tomato Seedlings [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2009, 36(5): 663−670.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2009.05.006
[8]	陈文昊, 徐志刚, 刘晓英, 等. LED光源对不同品种生菜生长和品质的影响 [J]. 西北植物学报, 2011, 31(7):1434−1440. CHEN W H, XU Z G, LIU X Y, et al. Effect of LED Light Source on the Growth and Quality of Different Lettuce Varieties [J]. Acta Botancia Boreal-Occidentalia Sinica, 2011, 31(7): 1434−1440.(in Chinese)
[9]	郭银生, 谷艾素, 崔瑾. 光质对水稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(6):1485−1492. GUO Y S, GU A S, CUI J. Effects of light quality on growth and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings [J]. Journal of applied ecology, 2011, 22(6): 1485−1492.(in Chinese)
[10]	ZEIGER E, FIELD C, MOONEY H A. Stomatal opening at dawn: Possible roles of blue light effect in nature [J]. Plant and Daylight Spectrrum, 1981: 391−407.
[11]	TALBOTT L D, GANKA N, ARISA O, et al. Green light reversal of blue-light-stimulated stomatal opening is found in a diversity of plant species [J]. American Journal of Botany, 2002, 89(2): 366−368. doi: 10.3732/ajb.89.2.366
[12]	FAN X X, ZANG J, Xu Z G, et al. Effects of different light quality on growth, chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll biosynthesis precursors of non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestrisL.) [J]. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2013, 34(11): 2721−2726.
[13]	江明艳, 潘远智. 不同光质对盆栽一品红光合特性及生长的影响 [J]. 园艺学报, 2006, 33(2):338−343. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2006.02.022 JIANG M Y and PAN Y Z. Effects of Light Quality on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Grow the of Poinsettia [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2006, 33(2): 338−343.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2006.02.022
[14]	RASCHER U, LIEBIG M, L. Evaluation of instant light-response curves of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters obtained with a portable chlorophyll fluorescence on site in the field [J]. Plant Cell Environ, 2000, 23: 1397−1405. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00650.x
[15]	储钟稀, 童哲, 冯丽洁, 等. 不同光质对黄瓜叶片光合特性的影响 [J]. 植物学报, 1999, 41(8):867−870. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1672-9072.1999.08.016 CHU Z X, TONG Z, FENG L J, et al. Effect of Diferent Light Quality on Photosynth etic C Imracteds of Cucumber Leaves [J]. Bulletin of Botany, 1999, 41(8): 867−870.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1672-9072.1999.08.016
[16]	杜洪涛, 刘世琦, 蒲高斌. 光质对彩色甜椒幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 [J]. 西北农业学报, 2005, 14(1):41−45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1389.2005.01.010 DU H T, LIU S Q and PU G B. Effects of Light Qualities on Growth and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Leaves of Color Pepper Seedling [J]. Acta Agriculturae Borea lioccidentalis Sinica, 2005, 14(1): 41−45.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1389.2005.01.010
[17]	蒲高斌, 刘世琦, 张珍. 不同光质对番茄幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响 [J]. 安徽农业科学, 2004, 9(5):971−972. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2004.05.064 PU G B, LIU S Q, ZHANG Z. Effects of different light quality on growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of tomato seedlings [J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2004, 9(5): 971−972.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2004.05.064
[18]	李倩. 光质对生菜、丹参生长和次生代谢物的影响[D]. 咸阳: 西北农林科技大学, 2010. Li Q. Effects of light quality on growth and secondary metabolites of lettuce and salvia miltiorrhizal[D]. Xianyang: Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 2011. (in Chinese)