磷肥用量对甜荞<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i>根系形态、产量及品质的影响

何佩云; 黄小燕; 王雨; 时政; 黄凯丰

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.002

磷肥用量对甜荞Fagopyrum esculentum根系形态、产量及品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.09.002

何佩云^1,,
黄小燕²,
王雨²,
时政³,
黄凯丰^2, ,

1.
贵州师范大学生命科学学院，贵州　贵阳　 550001
2.
贵州师范大学荞麦产业技术研究中心，贵州　贵阳　550001
3.
成都大学农业农村部杂粮加工重点实验室，四川　成都　610106

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（31560358）；贵州省科技支撑计划（黔科合支撑（[2018]2297号、[2019]2297号）；贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目（黔教合KY字[2017]033）、黔教合KY字[2018]015）；农业农村部杂粮加工重点实验室开放基金（2018CC13）；贵阳市科技计划项目（筑科合同[2019]11-6号）

详细信息

作者简介:
何佩云（1975−），女，博士，教授，研究方向：植物生理生态（E-mail：peiyunh@163.com）

通讯作者:
黄凯丰（1979−）男，博士，教授，研究方向：荞麦栽培生理（E-mail：hkf1979@163.com）

中图分类号: S 517
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-20
- 修回日期: 2019-08-08
- 刊出日期: 2019-09-01

Effects of Phosphate Fertilization on Soil Fertility and Plant Morphology, Grain Yield and Quality of Fagopyrum esculentum

1.
School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou　550001, China
2.
Technology Research Center of Buckwheat Industry, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou　550001, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan　610106, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确磷肥用量对甜荞根系形态、产量形成和籽粒品质的影响。方法以甜荞品种丰甜1号为试验材料，设置不施磷（CK，0 kg·hm⁻²）、低磷（LP，35 kg·hm⁻²）、中磷（MP，70 kg·hm⁻²）和高磷（HP，105 kg·hm⁻²）4个处理，研究磷肥用量对丰甜1号根际土壤速效养分、根系形态、最终产量和籽粒品质的影响。结果根际土壤的速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量随磷肥用量的增加而呈先增加后降低的趋势，均以中磷(MP)处理时达最大；根际土壤pH则随磷肥用量的增加表现为持续下降。丰甜1号的根系总长度、根系体积、根系表面积以MP处理显著高于其他处理，磷肥处理间的根系平均直径无显著差异。丰甜1号的株高等植物学性状和产量随磷肥用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，均以MP处理最大，其中MP处理时的产量为对照(CK)处理的1.43倍。丰甜1号籽粒中的品质随磷肥用量的增加呈先增后降的趋势，黄酮含量以CK处理最大，高磷（HP）处理最低。结论中等用量的磷肥处理（70 kg·hm⁻²）能促进甜荞生长、提高产量和品质。
- 甜荞 /
- 磷肥 /
- 根系形态 /
- 产量 /
- 品质
Abstract: Objective Effects of phosphate (P) fertilizer on the soil fertility and the plant morphology, available nutrients, and grain yield and quality of common buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum, were investigated. Method A high yield buckwheat, Fengtian 1 (FT1), was cultivated under P fertilization at 0 kg·hm⁻² P (CK), 35 kg·hm⁻² P (LP), 70 kg·hm⁻² P (MP) or 105 kg·hm⁻² P (HP). Effects of the fertilizations on the soil nutrient contents as well as the root morphology, aboveground botanical characteristics, and yield of the buckwheat plants were determined. Result The increased P fertilizer applications enhanced the contents of available nutrients and organic matters in soil with a peak under MP. But the soil pH was on a continuous downward trend upon increasing P. For the plants, the root length, volume, and surface area reached their highest levels with MP as well. However, the root diameter was not significantly affected by the changes on the application. Morphologically, the plant height, node and branch numbers on main stems, 1- to 2-internode length, 1- to 2-internode diameter, and grain yield increased significantly under MP, much more than the other treatments. Again, the higher P in HP did not render further increases as MP did. Among all treatments, MP also delivered the greatest grain yield, which was 1.43 times that of CK. Similarly, the contents of protein, dietary fiber, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol of the FT1 grains rose along with the increasing P application up to the level in MP. On the other hand, the flavonoid in the grains reached the highest level under CK and the lowest under HP. Conclusion It appeared that P fertilization in the amount of MP would be appropriate for the growth, grain yield and quality of FT1 plants.
- Common buckwheat /
- phosphate fertilizer /
- root morphology /
- yield /
- quality

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表 1 磷肥用量对根际土壤养分及pH值的影响

Table 1. Effects of P fertilizations on nutrients and pH in rhizosphere soil

处理 Treatment	速效氮 Available nitrogen/(mg·kg⁻¹)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/(mg·kg⁻¹)	速效钾 Available potassium/(mg·kg⁻¹)	有机质 Organic matter /%	pH
CK	125.61 d	62.80 d	74.67 c	4.014 c	6.89 a
LP	211.39 c	75.39 b	92.16 b	4.102 c	6.38 b
MP	301.37 a	92.28 a	101.30 a	4.568 a	6.02 c
HP	249.30 b	71.21 c	92.41 b	4.309 b	5.50 d
注：同列数字后不同小写字母代表不同处理在0.05水平上存在显著性差异，下同. Note: there are significant differences in continuous cropping at different levels on the 0.05 level in the same column. The same below.

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表 2 磷肥对根系形态指标的影响

Table 2. Effects of P fertilizations on root morphology of FT1

处理 Treatment	根系总长度 Length /cm	根系表面积 Surface area /cm²	根系体积 Volume /cm³	根系平均直径 Average diameter /mm
CK	190.23 d	30.22 d	1.08 c	0.85 a
LP	232.61 b	38.91 c	1.10 c	0.89 a
MP	267.52 a	43.87 a	1.61 a	0.90 a
HP	221.10 c	40.15 b	1.42 b	0.86 a

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表 3 磷肥对甜荞植物学性状及产量的影响

Table 3. Effects of P fertilizations on agronomic traits and grain yield of FT1

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	主茎节数 Main stem node number	主茎分枝数 Branch number of main stem	1-2节节间长度 1- to 2- internode length/cm	1-2节节间粗度 1- to 2- internode diameter/mm	产量 Yield/（kg·hm⁻²）
CK	51.07 d	5.72 b	3.28 a	10.66 c	5.14 b	970.65 d
LP	66.29 c	6.03 a	3.56 a	10.72 c	6.92 a	1162.38 b
MP	73.17 a	6.12 a	3.71 a	13.37 a	7.11 a	1389.81 a
HP	70.32 b	6.09 a	3.58 a	11.96 b	5.28 b	1029.62 c

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表 4 根系形态、农艺性状及产量间的相关性分析

Table 4. Correlations among agronomic traits, root morphology and grain yield of FT1

项目 Items	长度 Length	表面积 Surface area	体积 Volume	平均直径 Average diameter	株高 Plant height	1-2节节间长度 1-2 internode length	1-2节节间粗度 1-2 internode coarseness	主茎节数 main stem node number	主茎分枝数 Branch number of main stem	产量 Yield
长度 Length	1
表面积 Surface area	0.798**	1
体积 Volume	0.552*	0.938**	1
平均直径 Average diameter	0.218	0.219	0.127	1
株高 Plant height	0.821**	0.691*	0.439	0.169	1
1-2节节间长度 1-2 internode length	0.573*	0.437	0.591*	0.173	0.669*	1
1-2节节间粗度 1-2 internode coarseness	0.809**	0.668*	0.471	0.332	0.873**	0.692*	1
主茎节数 Main stem node number	0.437	0.459	0.386	0.108	0.792**	0.491	0.668*	1
主茎分枝数 Branch number of main stem	0.883**	0.861**	0.681*	0.213	0.786**	0.486	0.753**	0.572*	1
产量 Yield	0.868**	0.599*	0.430	0.186	0.928**	0.475	0.926**	0.446	0.698*	1
注：表示在0.05水平（双侧）上显著相关；表示在0.01水平（双侧）上极显著相关。 Note：significance respectively at 0.05 probability levels. **significance respectively at 0.01 probability levels.

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表 5 肥料处理对甜荞营养保健成分的影响

Table 5. Effects of P fertilizations on nutrients and functional ingredients in buckwheat

处理 Treatment	蛋白质 Protein /%	总膳食纤维 TDF /%	黄酮 Flavonoid /%	芦丁 Rutin /(μg·mL⁻¹)	槲皮素 Tuercitrin /(μg·mL⁻¹)	山奈酚 Kaempferol (mg·mL⁻¹)
CK	13.21 d	11.37 c	0.171 a	0.32 c	0.73 b	0.19 d
LP	17.96 c	12.03 c	0.143 b	0.50 a	0.82 a	0.32 b
MP	24.39 a	18.20 a	0.147 b	0.58 a	0.86 a	0.40 a
HP	19.67 b	16.38 b	0.106 c	0.41 b	0.76 b	0.25 c

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