Microbial Diversity and Community Structure in Soil under Tea Bushes-Ganoderma lucidum Intercropping
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摘要:
目的 探讨茶园间作灵芝对土壤细菌多样性和群落结构的影响，为茶菌间作模式的应用提供科学依据。 方法 应用高通量测序技术分析比较了间作灵芝茶园与单作茶园之间土壤细菌群落变化。 结果 与单作茶园（CK）相比，间作灵芝茶园土壤的有机质、全氮、速效氮和有效磷含量显著提高，速效钾含量和pH显著降低，而全磷和全钾含量变化不显著。间作灵芝茶园处理的土壤细菌群落丰度指数和多样性指数与单作茶园相比无显著性差异。与单作茶园相比，间作灵芝茶园土壤的变形菌门相对丰度显著提高21.18%，而酸杆菌门和芽单胞菌门的相对丰度显著降低15.09%和53.52%，其他细菌门类变化不显著。在属水平上，间作灵芝处理显著提高了土壤有益微生物菌群伯克氏菌属Burkholderia、鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas和戴氏菌属Dyella的相对丰度。相关性分析表明，土壤pH、全氮、全磷和速效钾对优势细菌群落的影响较大。 结论 茶园间作灵芝改变了土壤细菌群落结构并提高了土壤中有益微生物菌群的相对丰度，但对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响不明显。 Abstract:Objective Effects of intercropping Ganoderma lucidum among tea bushes on the microbial diversity and community structure in the soil were investigated. Method The microbial communities in the monoculture (CK) and tea bush-G. lucidum intercropping soils were compared using the high-throughput sequencing technology. Result Compared with CK, the intercropping significantly increased the organic matters, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and available phosphorus and significantly reduced the available potassium and pH with no significant effect on the total phosphorus and total potassium in the soil. No significant differences were observed on the richness and diversity indices between them. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the intercropping soil significantly increased by 21.18% over CK, while that of Acidobacteria declined by 15.09% and that of Gemmatimonadetes by 53.52%, as none found on those of other bacterial phyla. On genus level, the intercropping significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms, such as, Burkholderia, Sphingomonas and Dyella, in the soil. A correlation analysis showed that the pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available potassium in soil exerted a greater effect on the dominant than the minor bacterial communities. Conclusion By intercropping G. lucidum among tea bushes, the structure of microbial community in the soil was altered with an increased abundance of beneficial microbial species without significant changes on diversity. -
图 1 茶园单作和间作灵芝处理的细菌稀释曲线分析
Figure 1. Rarefaction curve analysis of OTUs in monoculture and tea bushes-G. lucidum intercropping soils
图 3 茶园单作和间作灵芝土壤中变形菌纲相对丰度
Figure 3. Relative abundance of Proteobacteria in monoculture and tea bushes-G. lucidum intercropping soils
图 4 茶园单作和间作灵芝土壤中优势细菌属相对丰度
注：A为伯克氏菌属Burkholderia，B为气单胞菌属Aeromonas，C为不动杆菌属Acidibacter，D为热酸菌属Acidothermus，E为Phenyolbacterium，F为Candidatus Solibacter，G为Granulicella，H为Bryobacter，I为Salmonella，J为根微杆菌属Rhizomicrobium，K为Escherichia shigella，L为Haliangium，M为堆囊菌属Sorangium，N为unidentified OPB35 soil group，O为北里孢菌属Kitasatospora，P为柯克斯体属Aquicella，Q为Reyranella，R为Chthoniobacter，S为鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas，T为戴氏菌属Dyella。*表示处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)，**表示处理间差异极显著(P＜0.01)。
Figure 4. Relative abundance of dominant bacterial genera in monoculture and tea bushes-G. lucidum intercropping soils
Note:* indicates significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05), ** indicates significant differences among treatments (P < 0.01).
图 5 茶园单作和间作灵芝土壤基于主坐标(PCoA)的群落结构分析
Figure 5. Principal coordinate analysis on microbial community structures in monoculture and tea bushes-G. lucidum intercropping soils
表 1 茶园单作和间作灵芝处理的土壤化学性质
Table 1. Chemical properties of monoculture and tea bushes-G. lucidum intercropping soils
处理
Treatments单作茶园
Monoculture茶园间作灵芝
Tea-Ganoderma lucidum intercroppingpH 4.90a 4.23b 有机质Organic matter/(g·kg-1) 28.03b 53.90a 全氮Total nitrogen/(g·kg-1) 1.21b 2.07a 全磷Total phosphorus/(g·kg-1) 0.25a 0.39a 全钾Total potassium/(g·kg-1) 5.38a 5.39a 速效氮Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen/(mg·kg-1) 133.80b 204.30a 有效磷Available phosphorus/(mg·kg-1) 10.33b 49.57a 速效钾Available potassium/(mg·kg-1) 147.33a 93.33b 注：同行不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)。
Note：The different lowercase letters in a row indicate significant differences among treatments at P＜0.05.
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表 2 茶园单作和间作灵芝处理的细菌群落丰度与多样性指数
Table 2. Microbial community richness and diversity indices in monoculture and tea bushes-G. lucidum intercropping soils
处理
Treatments单作茶园
Monoculture茶园间作灵芝
Tea-Ganoderma lucidum intercropping物种数Observed species 2119a 2309a 香农指数Shannon index 9.12a 9.12a 辛普森指数Simpson index 0.99a 0.99a Chao 1指数Chao 1 index 2328.43a 3083.72a 菌群丰度指数ACE 2365.51a 2713.73a 覆盖率Coverage/% 99.20a 98.90a 注：同行不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)。
Note：The different lowercase letters in a row indicate significant differences among treatments at P＜0.05.
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表 3 优势细菌门与土壤理化性质相关关系
Table 3. Correlation between chemical characteristics and bacterial phyla
细菌门
Bacterial phylapH 有机质
Organic matter全氮
Total nitrogen全磷
Total phosphorus全钾
Total potassium碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen有效磷
Available phosphorus速效钾
Available potassium变形菌门Proteobacteria -0.93* 0.77 0.93* 0.60 0.26 0.77 0.77 -0.83 酸杆菌门Acidobacteria 0.81 -0.77 -0.90* -0.43 -0.09 -0.77 -0.60 0.89* 放线菌门Actinobacteria 0.55 -0.66 -0.49 0.37 0.60 -0.66 -0.49 -0.09 绿弯菌门Chloroflexi 0.03 0.03 -0.14 -0.14 -0.26 0.03 0.37 -0.26 拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes 0.03 0.09 0.06 -0.26 0.09 0.09 -0.09 0.54 浮霉菌门Planctomycetes 0.67 -0.43 -0.70 -0.83 -0.60 -0.43 -0.49 0.83 疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia 0.38 -0.09 -0.35 -0.89* -0.77 -0.09 -0.37 0.71 厚壁菌门Firmicutes 0.20 -0.49 -0.32 0.37 0.03 -0.49 -0.49 -0.09 芽单胞菌门Gemmatimonadetes 0.64 -0.66 -0.58 -0.14 0.20 -0.66 -0.83 0.77 WD272 0.43 -0.20 -0.31 -0.29 -0.12 -0.20 -0.20 -0.12
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