砒砂岩与沙复配土养分含量及质地的垂直分布特征

郭振; 徐艳; 葛磊; 王欢元

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.05.016

砒砂岩与沙复配土养分含量及质地的垂直分布特征

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.05.016

郭振^{1, 2, 3,},
徐艳^{1, 2, 3},
葛磊^{1, 2, 3},
王欢元^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,}

1.
陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司/陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司, 陕西西安 710075
2.
自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室, 陕西西安 710075
3.
陕西省土地整治工程技术研究中心, 陕西西安 710075
4.
陕西省土体整治重点实验室, 陕西西安 710064

基金项目:

陕西地建集团内部科研项目 DJNY2019-12

陕西地建集团内部科研项目 DJNY2018-12

陕西省土地整治重点实验室开放基金项目 2018-JC18

陕西省土地整治重点实验室开放基金项目 2019-JC07

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 300102279503

详细信息

作者简介:
郭振(1992-), 男, 硕士, 助理工程师, 研究方向:土地整治及碳循环(E-mail:675334047@qq.com)

通讯作者:
王欢元(1981-), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 研究方向:土壤物理学(E-mail:wanghuanyuan@aliyun.com)

中图分类号: S153.6
计量
- 文章访问数: 1288
- HTML全文浏览量: 229
- PDF下载量: 32
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-03-08
- 修回日期: 2019-04-30
- 刊出日期: 2019-05-28

Vertical Nutrient Distribution and Texture of Sandy Soil Added with Soft Rocks

GUO Zhen^{1, 2, 3
,},
XU Yan^{1, 2, 3},
GE Lei^{1, 2, 3},
WANG Huan-yuan^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,}

1.
Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd. /Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural and Resources, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
3.
Shaanxi Provincial Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
4.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710064, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究不同比例砒砂岩添加对风沙土（沙）中碳氮比垂直分布规律的影响，为沙荒地改良以及复配土体地力的提升提供科学依据。方法以位于陕西富平的砒砂岩与沙复配比小区为研究对象，选择砒砂岩与沙体积比分别为0:1（CK）、1:5（C1）、1:2（C2）和1:1（C3）的4个处理，分析复配土碳氮比（C/N）及其与土壤养分和质地的关系。结果不同处理下土壤有机碳和全氮含量随着土层深度的增加而降低，有机碳平均值为1.45~2.70 g·kg^-1且0~10 cm土层有机碳含量显著高于20~30 cm土层（P < 0.05）；复配比单因素对有机碳产生显著影响，随着砒砂岩体积分数的增加，0~10 cm土层有机碳含量以C3处理最高。全氮平均值为0.28~1.31 g·kg^-1，且0~10 cm土层全氮含量显著高于10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层，在0~10 cm土层中，C3处理的全氮含量显著高于其他处理，复配比和土层双因素对全氮均产生显著影响。C/N平均值为1.72~5.92，以0~10 cm最低，其值随着砒砂岩体积分数的增加而依次减小，以C3处理最为显著。硝态氮和铵态氮含量在各处理间的变化规律较为一致，平均值分别为33.56~197.00、5.51~70.02 mg·kg^-1，以0~10 cm土层含量最高。砂粒含量随着土层的加深而逐渐增加，粉粒和黏粒则随着土层的加深而减少，随着砒砂岩体积分数的增加，土壤质地由砂土变为壤砂土再变为砂壤土。C/N与硝态氮和铵态氮均呈显著负相关关系，与土壤质地的颗粒组成也有一定的相关性，10~20 cm土层最为显著。结论砒砂岩与沙复配比为1:1时可以促进0~10 cm表层土壤碳氮的积累，增强微生物的分解作用。
- 复配土 /
- 碳氮比 /
- 土壤养分 /
- 质地 /
- 砒砂岩
Abstract: Objective Effect of adding soft rocks to aeolian sandy soil in varied ratios on the vertical distributions of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and texture of the soil was studied for improving fertility of the wasteland. Method At Fuping, Shaanxi, soft rocks were blended to the local sandy soil in different ratios, i.e., 0:1 (CK), 1:5 (C1), 1:2 (C2), and 1:1 (C3) by volume to determine the C/N ratio and texture of soil in different depths. Result The organic C and total N contents decreased with depth upon the additions. The average C content ranged from 1.45 g·kg^-1 to 2.70 g·kg^-1, and it was significantly higher in the 0-10 cm layer than 20-30 cm layer (P < 0.05). The mixing ratio had a significant effect on C, as the soft rocks increased (i.e., C3) so was C content in the top layer. The total N ranged 0.28-1.31 g·kg^-1, and that in the 0-10 cm layer significantly higher than in the deeper soils. In the top layer, C3 rendered significantly more N than other treatments. The average C/N ranged 1.72-5.92 with the lowest in the 0-10 cm layer and a decline upon increased addition of soft rocks. The varied mixing ratios did not affect the nitrate N and ammonium N contents, which ranged 33.56-197.00 mg·kg^-1 and 5.51-70.02 mg·kg^-1, respectively, with the top layer being the highest. Sand content in the soil gradually increased with depth, while silt and clay particles decreased. Along with the addition of soft rocks the soil texture changed from sand to loamy sand, and to sandy loam. There was a significant inversed correlation between C/N and nitrate N and ammonium N, and a correlation with the particle size distribution in soil. The correlations were most significant in the 10-20 cm soil layer. Conclusion The blending ratio of soft rocks and sand at 1:1 seemed to promote the C and N accumulation in the 0-10 cm layer of soil. It also enhanced the microbial degradation in the soil.
- mixed soil /
- carbon to nitrogen ratio /
- soil nutrient /
- texture /
- soft rocks

HTML全文

图 1 砒砂岩与沙不同复配比处理下土壤有机碳的垂直分布特征

注：图中不同小写字母表示同一土层下不同复配比例间有显著差异(5%)，大写字母表示所有处理的平均值在3个土层间存在显著差异(5%)，图 2、3同。

Figure 1. Vertical distribution of organic C in soil of varied mixing ratios of soft rocks and sand

Note:Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate the significant difference (5%) between different compounding ratios in the same soil layer, while uppercase letters indicate the significant difference (5%) between the average values of all treatments in three soil layers, The same as Fig. 2, 3.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 砒砂岩与沙不同复配比处理下土壤全氮的垂直分布特征

Figure 2. Vertical distribution of total N in soil of varied mixing ratios of soft rocks and sand

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 砒砂岩与沙不同复配比处理下土壤碳氮比的垂直分布特征

Figure 3. Vertical distribution of C/N in soil of varied mixing ratios of soft rocks and sand

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各测定指标在双因素影响下的方差分析

Table 1. Variance analysis on specific indicator under two factors

指标 Index	影响因素 Influencing factor	平方和 Quadratic sum	自由度 Free degree	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
有机碳Organic carbon	复配比	2.5994	3	0.8665	3.919	0.0207
	土层	1.2635	2	0.6317	2.857	0.077
	复配比×土层	1.1151	6	0.1859	0.841	0.5511
全氮Total nitrogen	复配比	0.9265	3	0.3088	34.221	0.0001
	土层	1.3922	2	0.6961	77.128	0.0001
	复配比×土层	0.2679	6	0.0446	4.947	0.002
碳氮比C/N	复配比	43.0899	3	14.3633	14.006	0.0001
	土层	19.8871	2	9.9435	9.696	0.0008
	复配比×土层	7.1677	6	1.1946	1.165	0.3573

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 砒砂岩与沙不同复配比处理下土壤有效磷、速效钾、硝态氮和铵态氮的垂直分布特征

Table 2. Vertical distribution of available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrate N and ammonium N in soil of varied mixing ratios of soft rocks and sand

土层 Soil layer/cm	处理 Treatment	有效磷 Available phosphorus(AP) /(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium(AK) /(mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) /(mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen(NH₄⁺-N) /(mg·kg^-1)
0~10	CK	20.76±1.94b	40.95±1.27c	48.61±1.19c	10.98±2.04c
	C1	29.29±2.50a	63.93±1.88ab	57.54±2.35c	16.00±1.86bc
	C2	10.77±1.01c	50.85±0.89c	83.59±4.34b	20.81±1.65b
	C3	19.48±2.15b	72.95±1.72a	197.00±6.66a	70.02±2.31a
10~20	CK	11.01±1.67b	45.01±1.11c	33.56±1.76c	5.51±1.05c
	C1	22.54±2.29a	73.30±1.79b	53.58±3.03bc	10.52±1.86c
	C2	8.15±1.82b	95.05±2.15a	70.07±3.72b	17.51±2.04b
	C3	9.57±2.17b	74.89±2.38b	130.45±7.59a	31.15±1.85a
20~30	CK	14.57±1.94a	41.65±1.86c	32.53±1.72c	5.80±0.66c
	C1	9.08±1.79b	51.38±1.32ab	42.86±3.14c	12.13±1.51c
	C2	15.92±2.81a	64.64±2.44a	63.55±3.85ab	18.13±2.17b
	C3	5.41±1.26c	40.24±1.01c	81.81±4.87a	31.87±2.31a
注：数据后同列不同小写字母表示同一土层不同处理之间差异显著(P＜0.05)。表 3-4同。 Note:The different lowercase letters in the same column under each soil layer indicate significant differences (P＜0.05).The same as Table 3-4.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 砒砂岩与沙不同复配比处理下土壤质地的垂直分布特征

Table 3. Vertical distribution on texture of soil in varied mixing ratios of soft rocks and sand

土层 Soil layer/cm	处理 Treatment	砂粒 Sand /%	粉粒 Silt/%	黏粒 Clay /%	质地 Texture
0~10	CK	89.87±3.96a	7.68±1.48c	2.45±0.65c	砂土
	C1	76.59±4.05b	18.44±1.39b	4.97±0.85b	壤砂土
	C2	58.85±3.28c	33.13±2.05a	8.02±0.78a	壤砂土
	C3	64.2±4.81c	28.62±2.48a	7.18±1.12ab	砂壤土
10~20	CK	93.14±4.01a	6.06±1.61b	0.80±0.04c	砂土
	C1	82.56±2.85ab	14.24±1.54ab	3.20±0.69bc	壤砂土
	C2	65.33±5.89ab	27.39±2.81ab	7.27±1.56ab	砂壤土
	C3	53.31±3.96b	37.01±2.24a	9.68±1.55a	砂壤土
20~30	CK	99.07±4.16a	0.83±0.09b	0.10±0.02b	砂土
	C1	81.08±4.12ab	15.48±1.01a	3.43±0.25ab	壤砂土
	C2	74.19±3.11b	20.07±1.58a	5.75±1.55a	壤砂土
	C3	77.46±4.18ab	16.97±1.25a	5.57±1.15a	砂壤土

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 砒砂岩与沙不同复配比处理下土壤碳氮比与养分元素及质地的相关性

Table 4. Correlations among C/N, nutrients, and texture of soil in varied mixing ratios of soft rocks and sand

土层 Soil layer./cm	有效磷 AP/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK/ (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N/ (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N / (mg·kg^-1)	有机碳 SOC/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN/ (g·kg^-1)	砂粒 Sand /%	粉粒 Silt /%	黏粒 Clay /%
0~10	0.2625	-0.8456	-0.9045 ^*	-0.8820	0.6176	-0.8849 ^*	0.8565	-0.8441	-0.8654
10~20	0.1393	-0.4412	-0.9999 ^**	-0.9997 ^**	0.8653	-0.8513	0.9488 ^*	-0.9498 ^*	-0.9269 ^*
20~30	0.2007	-0.2883	-0.9438 ^*	-0.8652	-0.1182	-0.9687 ^**	0.7639	-0.7211	-0.8726
注：表示P＜0.05水平差异显著，表示P＜0.01水平差异极显著。 Note： indicates significant at P＜0.05 level, and ** indicates extremely significant at P＜0.01 level.

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(17)

[1]	陈涛, 常庆瑞, 刘钊, 等.耕地土壤有机质与全氮空间变异性对粒度的响应研究[J].农业机械学报, 2013, 44(10):122-129. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.10.020 CHEN T, CHANG Q R, LIU Z, et al. Response of soil organic matter and total nitrogen spatial variability to grain size in cultivated land[J]. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 2013, 44(10):122-129.(in Chinese) doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.10.020
[2]	郭振, 李娟.砒砂岩与沙复配土体的固碳机制研究进展[J].农技服务, 2019, 36(1):109-110. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/njfw201901046 GUO Z, LI J. Advances in carbon sequestration mechanism of soft rock and sand complex soils[J]. Agricultural Technology Services, 2019, 36(1):109-110.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/njfw201901046
[3]	刘骞, 曾文津, 赵宇, 等.城市不同功能分区草坪绿地土壤有机碳与碱解氮垂直分布特征[J].四川林业科技, 2019, 40(1):25-29. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/sclykj201901005 LIU Q, ZENG W J, ZHAO Y, et al. Vertical distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and alkali nitrogen in turf greenland with different functional areas in cities[J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2019, 40(1):25-29.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/sclykj201901005
[4]	高焕平, 刘世亮, 赵颖, 等.秸秆与氮肥调节C/N比对潮土CH₄、CO₂和N₂O排放/吸收的影响[J].土壤通报, 2019(1):157-164. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-TRTB201901024.htm GAO H P, LIU S L, ZHAO Y, et al. Effects of C/N ratio of straw and nitrogen fertilizer on CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O emission/absorption in fluvo-aquic soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2019(1):157-164.(in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-TRTB201901024.htm
[5]	王小利, 周志刚, 郭振, 等.长期施肥下黄壤稻田土壤有机碳和全氮的演变特征[J].江苏农业科学, 2017, 45(14):195-199. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jsnykx201714053 WANG X L, ZHOU Z G, GUO Z, et al. Evolution characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in yellow paddy soil under long-term fertilization[J]. Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(14):195-199.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jsnykx201714053
[6]	HYVONEN R, PERSSON T, ANDERSSON S, et al. Impact of long-term nitrogen addition on carbon stocks in trees and soils in northern Europe[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2008, 89(1):121-137. doi: 10.1007/s10533-007-9121-3
[7]	张乐, 孙向阳, 李素艳, 等.辽宁仙人洞典型林分森林土壤碳氮分布特征[J].吉林农业大学学报, 2017, 39(2):183-188. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jlnydxxb201702009 ZHANG L, SUN X Y, LI S Y, et al. Characteristics of Carbon and Nitrogen Distribution across Typical Forest Types in Xianrendong Nature reserve of Liaoning Province[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2017, 39(2):183-188.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jlnydxxb201702009
[8]	赵业婷, 常庆瑞, 李志鹏, 等. 1983-2009年西安市郊区耕地土壤有机质空间特征与变化[J].农业工程学报, 2013, 29(2):132-140. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nygcxb201302019 ZHAO Y T, CHANG Q R, LI Z P, et al. Spatial characteristics and changes of soil organic matter in cultivated land in the suburbs of Xi'an from 1983 to 2009[J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(2):132-140.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nygcxb201302019
[9]	WANG Y Q, ZHANG X C, HUANG C Q. Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus under different land uses in a small watershed on the loess plateau, China[J]. Geoderma, 2009, 150(1-2):141-149. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.01.021
[10]	ZHANG X Y, SUI Y Y, ZHANG X D, et al. Spatial variability of nutrient properties in black soil of Northeast China[J]. Pedosphere, 2007, 17(1):19-29. doi: 10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60003-4
[11]	韩霁昌, 刘彦随, 罗林涛.毛乌素沙地砒砂岩与沙快速复配成土核心技术研究[J].中国土地科学, 2012, 26(8):87-94. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8158.2012.08.014 HAN J C, LIU Y S, LUO L T. Study on the core technology of rapidly compounding soft rock and sand in Wusu Sandy Land[J]. China Land Science, 2012, 26(8):87-94.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8158.2012.08.014
[12]	李娟, 吴林川, 李玲.砒砂岩与沙复配土的水土保持效应研究[J].西部大开发(土地开发工程研究), 2018, 3(6):35-40. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=0120181106322177 LI J, WU L C, LI L. Study on soil and water conservation effect of soft rock and sand compound soil[J]. Western Development (Land Development Engineering Research), 2018, 3(6):35-40.(in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=0120181106322177
[13]	张露, 韩霁昌.砒砂岩与沙不同重构比例对表层土体储水量的影响[J].西部大开发(土地开发工程研究), 2016(4):50-53, 74. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBTG201604009.htm ZHANG L, HAN J C. Influence of different remodeling ratios of soft rock and sand on water storage in surface soil[J]. Western Development (Land Development Engineering Research), 2016(4):50-53, 74.(in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBTG201604009.htm
[14]	鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2008. BAO S D. Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2008.(in Chinese)
[15]	HOOK P B, Burke I C. Biogeochemistry in a shortgrass landscape:control by topography, soil texture, and microclimate[J]. Ecology, 2000, 81(10):2686-2703. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[2686:BIASLC]2.0.CO;2
[16]	郭航, 韩霁昌, 张扬, 等.基于拉曼光谱研究砒砂岩与沙复配土的胶结作用力[J].激光与光电子学进展, 2017, 54(11):436-442. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=jgygdzxjz201711056 GUO H, HAN J C, ZHANG Y, et al. Study on the bonding force of soft rock and sand compound soil based on Raman spectroscopy[J]. Advances in Laser and Optoelectronics, 2017, 54(11):436-442.(in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=jgygdzxjz201711056
[17]	肖焊, 黄志刚, 武海涛, 等.三江平原4种典型湿地土壤碳氮分布差异和微生物特征[J].应用生态学报, 2014, 25(10):2847-2854. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yystxb201410012 XIAO H, HUANG Z G, WU H T, et al. Distribution of carbon and nitrogen in soils and microbial characteristics of four typical wetlands in Sanjiang Plain[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(10):2847-2854.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yystxb201410012