Absorption and Accumulation of Cd and Pb in Brown Rice of Different Genotypes
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摘要:
目的 筛选出低吸收累积重金属Cd、Pb的水稻种质资源，为Cd、Pb污染地区水稻种植品种的选择和抗性品种的选育提供理论依据。 方法 选用60个水稻品种，用塑料盆置于网室水泥槽中种植水稻，共分3个组，第1组为不加重金属的对照组；第2组为添加重金属Cd的Cd处理组，以CdCl2·2.5H2O形态加入土壤中，使Cd含量达到土壤环境质量标准三级中镉的临界值（1 mg·kg-1）；第3组为添加重金属Pb的Pb处理组，以Pb（CH3COO）2·3H2O形态加入土壤中，使Pb含量达到土壤环境质量标准三级中铅的临界值（500 mg·kg-1）。成熟期收获种子晒干，保存3个月后，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定3组材料糙米中Cd和Pb含量。 结果 （1）不同水稻品种对Cd的吸收力差异显著，Cd处理组糙米Cd含量变幅在0.133~3.308 mg·kg-1，对照组糙米Cd含量变幅在0.005~0.224 mg·kg-1，Cd处理组糙米Cd平均含量是对照组的19.63倍，差异达极显著水平（P < 0.01），且不同品种Cd处理组糙米Cd含量与对照组糙米Cd含量呈极显著正相关；Cd处理组有1个品种（台粳8号）糙米Cd含量在可食用标准0.2 mg·kg-1以内，说明台粳8号是低吸收Cd的品种。（2）不同水稻品种对Pb的吸收力差异显著，Pb处理组糙米Pb含量变幅在0.183~2.123 mg·kg-1，对照组糙米Pb含量变幅在0.010~0.288 mg·kg-1，Pb处理组糙米Pb平均含量是对照组的10.66倍，差异达极显著水平（P < 0.01），但不同水稻品种Pb处理组糙米Pb含量与对照组糙米Pb含量相关不显著；Pb处理组有2个品种（金早6号、宁粳216）糙米Pb含量在可食用标准0.2 mg·kg-1以内，说明金早6号、宁粳216是低吸收Pb的品种。（3）籼稻糙米Cd含量显著高于粳稻，但Pb含量籼稻与粳稻无显著差异。（4）不同种皮色水稻品种对Cd、Pb吸收力有差异，表现为红米>黑米>白米。 结论 土壤环境三级质量标准的稻田已基本不适宜种植水稻，但水稻对Cd、Pb的吸收力存在明显的基因型差异。从众多种质材料中可以筛选出适宜在轻度Cd、Pb污染地区种植的水稻品种，并可为培育抗重金属污染水稻新品种提供重要的种质材料。 Abstract:Objective Rice germplasms that are low in absorbing and accumulating Cd and Pb were selected for breeding resistant varieties. Method In a netted chamber, 60 genotypes of rice were planted in plastic pots in cement tanks and divided into 3 groups. Group Ⅰ was free of added heavy metals to be used as control; Group Ⅱ contained CdCl2·2.5H2O to simulate the 3rd grade quality of soil contaminated with Cd 1 mg·kg-1; and, Group Ⅲ of the same grade soil with Pb 500 mg·kg-1 by the addition of Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O. Rice grains were harvested at maturity, dried, and stored for 3 months prior to Cd and Pb determinations in the unpolished rice samples using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Result (1) Significant variations in Cd absorption were found among the genotypes. Group Ⅰ had a Cd content ranging from 0.005 to 0.224 mg·kg-1, as compare to Group Ⅱ of 0.133-3.308 mg·kg-1, showing an average of 19.63-fold difference significant at P < 0.01. Among the varieties of rice, a significant correlation existed between the Cd contents of control and treatment at P < 0.01. The Cd-tolerant Taijing 8 only sustained a level below the acceptable threshold of Cd 0.2 mg·kg-1 for safe consumption. (2) The Pb absorption by the rice varied significantly as well. Group Ⅰ had Pb 0.010-0.288 mg·kg-1, while Group Ⅲ Pb 0.183-2.123 mg·kg-1, showing an average of 10.66-fold significant difference (P < 0.01). However, there was not an apparent correlation between the Pb contents of control and treatment. Jinzao 6 and Ningjing 216 exhibited in the trial a Pb tolerance with a sustained content below the 0.2 mg·kg-1 standard. (3) The accumulated Cd in Indica rice was significantly higher than that in Japonica, but not on Pb. (4) Based on color of the hull, the Cd and Pb absorption by red rice seemed to be the highest, followed by black, and the lowest white. Conclusion Basically, any soil below 3rd grade on the environmental quality is not recommended for rice planting. Since there were significant differences among rice genotypes on their tolerance to Cd and Pb contamination, a selection guideline was made available for breeding varieties that could be cultivated on lands moderately contaminated by Cd and Pb. -
Key words:
- rice /
- genotype /
- brown rice /
- soil pollution /
- cadmium /
- lead
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图 2 Cd处理组与对照组糙米中Cd含量的线性相关
Figure 2. Correlation on Cd contents in brown rice between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ
表 1 供试水稻品种及类型
Table 1. Rice varieties selected for study
类型Type 品种Variety name 黑米Black rice 鸭血糯、罗旱紫谷、天津1032、岩紫糯35、闽紫香一号、黑优粘47、紫糯米、丽江新团黑谷、岩紫糯235、龙晴4号、紫香糯、黑宝玉1号、黑占33、豫南黑籼糯、北京黑香粳
Yaxuenuo，Luohanzigu，Tianjin 1032，Yanzinuo 35，Minzixiang No.1，Heiyounian 47，Zinuomi，LTH，Yanzinuo 235，Longqing No. 4，Zixiangnuo，Heibaoyu No.1，Heizhan 33，Yunanheixiannuo，Beijing heixiangjing红米Red rice 555-99、厦门红米、红宝石、埔垱红米、红米1号、红米2号、84VE303、红香2号、血粘、糟下红米、Utni menrah、Urark an dam、香粳糯、Sam kyungzo、Ziuk do
555-99，Xianmen red rice，Rubine rice，Pudang red rice，Red rice No.1，Red rice No.2，84VE303，Hongxiang No.2，Xuenian，Caoxia red rice，Utni menrah，urark an dam，Xiangjingnuo，Sam kyungzo，Ziuk do白米White rice 78130、满仓515、世纪137、金早6号、珍优1号、南厦060、蜀恢527、明恢86、福恢964、珍珠矮、珍红17、闽糯580、秋占470、南京11号、湘晚籼12号、嘉南3号、农育1385、台北74号、台粳8号、台粳9号、辽粳727、平壤一号、靖粳优1号、越光、宁粳216、春阳、辽星1、辽粳40、北金、毕粳42
78130，Mancang 515，Shiji 137，Jinzao No.6，Zhenyou No.1，Nanxia 060，Shuhui 527，Minghui 86，Fuhui 964，Zhenzhu'ai，Zhenhong 17，Minnuo 580，Qiuzhan 470，nanjing No.11，Xiangwanxian No.12，Jianan NO.3，Nongyu1385，Taibei No.74，Taijing Np.8，Taijing Np.9，Liaojing 727，Pingrang No.1，Jinjingyou No.1，Yueguang，Ningjing 216，Chunyang，Liaoxing No.1，Liangjing 40，Beijin，Bijing 42
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表 2 不同处理糙米的Cd、Pb含量
Table 2. Cd and Pb contents in brown rice samples
项目Project 平均值±标准差Mean±SD/(mg·kg-1) 变幅Range /(mg·kg-1) 变异系数CV 最大值/最小值Max./Min. 国家标准限值National standard value/(mg·kg-1) Cd处理组Cd含量Cd treatment group of Cd content 1.57±0.80 0.133~3.308 0.51 24.87 0.2 对照组Cd含量Control group of Cd content 0.08±0.04 0.005~0.224 0.67 44.80 Pb处理组Pb含量Pb treatment group of Pb content 0.67±0.37 0.183~2.123 0.56 11.60 0.2 对照组Pb含量Control groupof Pb content 0.06±0.03 0.010~0.288 0.99 28.80 注：表中糙米的重金属含量为种子收获后3个月的测定值(下图、下表同)。
Note：The contents of heavy metals in brown rice in the table were measured at 3 months after harvest.
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表 3 籼、粳型水稻糙米对Cd、Pb吸收差异
Table 3. Cd and Pb absorption of Indica and Japonica rice grains
类型(亚种) Type Cd含量Cd content/(mg·kg-1) Pb含量Pb content/(mg·kg-1) Cd处理组Cd treatment 对照组Control Pb处理组Pb treatment 对照组Control 籼稻Indica 1.98±0.56a 0.08±0.03a 0.71±0.33a 0.05±0.04a 粳稻Japonica 0.54±0.31b 0.01±0.01b 0.53±0.50a 0.06±0.08a
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表 4 不同种皮色糙米对Cd、Pb吸收差异
Table 4. Cd and Pb accumulation in rice grains of different hull colors
类型(亚种) Type Cd含量Cd content/(mg·kg-1) Pb含量Pb content/(mg·kg-1) Cd处理组Cd treatment 对照组Control Pb处理组Pb treatment 对照组Control 红米Red brown rice 2.13±0.62a 0.11±0.05a 0.74±0.29a 0.07±0.05a 黑米Dark brown rice 1.62±0.53b 0.10±0.04a 0.69±0.28a 0.06±0.03a 白米White brown rice 1.26±0.86b 0.05±0.04b 0.62±0.44a 0.05±0.02a
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