Effect of Storage on Quality of Camellia nitidissima Flowers
-
摘要:
目的 探讨不同贮藏方法对金花茶花品质的影响,为金花茶花产品的开发利用提供依据。 方法 以冷冻干燥的金花茶花为材料研究低温避光、室温曝光和室温避光3种贮藏方法对金花茶花品质的影响。每间隔3个月测定其总黄酮、总多糖、总皂苷和茶多酚4种生理活性成分及氨基酸、蛋白质和粗脂肪3种营养成分的动态变化,并进行主成分分析和多指标综合评价。 结果 生理活性成分和营养成分含量及其表面色泽的变化与贮藏方法及时间有关。相同贮藏条件下各贮藏方法的金花茶花总皂苷、茶多酚、蛋白质含量均下降,粗脂肪和总多糖含量升高;低温避光贮藏的总黄酮、总皂苷含量均较其他两种贮藏法的高,粗脂肪则较之低,花色保持不变;室温曝光下总黄酮和总皂苷较贮藏前降低,粗脂肪较贮藏前升高,花朵表面色泽加深变暗。 结论 总黄酮、总皂苷、总多糖、氨基酸总量可作为综合评价金花茶花品质的可选指标。低温和避光利于金花茶花贮藏。从金花茶花品质稳定、外观色泽变化及提高金花茶花等级和售价等方面综合考虑,金花茶花以室温避光贮藏不超过6个月、低温(5℃)避光贮藏不超过12个月为宜。 Abstract:Objective Effects of method and duration of storage on the quality of Camellia nitidissima flowers were studied to provide reference for the pgoduct development of Camellia nitidissima flowers. Method Freeze-dried camellias were stored in the dark at low temperature (DLT), under light exposure at room temperature (LRT), or in the dark at room temperature (DRT). The changes on 4 functional ingredients (i.e., flavonoids, polysaccharides, saponins, and polyphenols), 3 nutrients (i.e., amino acids, protein, and crude fat), and exterior color of the flowers were determined every 3 months for a principal component analysis. Result Under same storage conditions, the contents of saponin, tea polyphenol, and protein of the flowers decreased with time, but those of fat and polysaccharide increased. In a same sampling period, flavonoids and saponins were higher in the flowers under DLT than the other two treatments, but less on fat, and no significant changes on color. Under LRT, flavonoids and saponins in the stored flowers were lower than prior to the storage, whereas, fats higher, and the color intensified and darkened. Conclusion The principal component analysis showed that total flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, and amino acids could be used as indicators for comprehensive quality evaluation on C. nitidissima flowers. Storage under DRT within 6 months or DLT at 5℃ for less than a year was considered adequate insofar as the stability, exterior color, flower grading, and market value of the freeze-dried camellias are concerned. -
表 1 不同贮藏方法对金花茶花生理活性成分及其色泽的影响
Table 1. Contents of bioactive components and exterior color of freeze-dried camellias under various storage treatments
样品编号
Sample No.贮藏方法
Storage condition贮藏时间
Storage time/month总皂苷
Total saponins/%总黄酮
Total flavonoids/%总多糖
Polysaccharides/%茶多酚
Tea polyphenols/%花朵色泽
Flower colorS1 低温避光DLT 0 11.10 15.75 1.47 9.26 亮黄色Bright yellow S2 室温曝光LRT 0 11.10 15.75 1.47 9.26 亮黄色Bright yellow S3 室温避光DRT 0 11.10 15.75 1.47 9.26 亮黄色Bright yellow S4 低温避光DLT 3 16.86 14.13 1.24 7.76 亮黄色Bright yellow S5 室温曝光LRT 3 15.79 12.65 1.38 7.79 深黄色Deep yellow S6 室温避光DRT 3 15.28 12.86 1.54 7.72 黄色Yellow S7 低温避光DLT 6 15.65 14.73 1.99 8.76 亮黄色Bright yellow S8 室温曝光LRT 6 14.37 14.15 2.01 9.21 棕黄色Brownish yellow S9 室温避光DRT 6 11.78 13.80 2.08 8.43 深黄色Deep yellow S10 低温避光DLT 9 13.06 16.10 1.86 8.82 亮黄色Bright yellow S11 室温曝光LRT 9 10.43 13.95 1.88 8.92 棕色Brown S12 室温避光DRT 9 10.36 14.12 1.90 8.24 黄棕色Yellowish brown 表 2 不同贮藏方法对金花茶花氨基酸含量的影响
Table 2. Effect of storage on amino acids in freeze-dried camellias
氨基酸成分
Amino acids贮藏前
Before storage保存3个月Stored for 3 month 保存6个月Stored for 6 month 保存9个月Stored for 9 month 低温避光
DLT室温曝光
DRT室温避光
LRT低温避光
DLT室温曝光
DRT室温避光
LRT低温避光
DLT室温曝光
DRT室温避光
LRT天门冬氨酸Aspartate 0.42 0.43 0.42 0.43 0.48 0.4 0.46 0.42 0.45 0.47 苏氨酸Threonine 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 丝氨酸Serine 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.2 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 谷氨酸Glutamate 0.47 0.5 0.48 0.47 0.51 0.45 0.47 0.48 0.5 0.49 甘氨酸Glycine 0.2 0.21 0.2 0.2 0.21 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.21 0.21 丙氨酸Alanine 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.2 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.23 胱氨酸Cystine 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 缬氨酸Valine 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.23 0.2 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.24 蛋氨酸Methionine 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 异亮氨酸isoleucine 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.18 亮氨酸leucine 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.32 0.28 0.3 0.3 0.31 0.3 酪氨酸Tyrosine 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.16 苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine 0.22 0.2 0.2 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.23 0.2 0.21 0.21 赖氨酸Lysine 0.35 0.34 0.27 0.28 0.38 0.26 0.28 0.34 0.29 0.29 组氨酸Histidine 0.11 0.1 0.1 0.09 0.12 0.09 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.11 精氨酸Arginine 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.21 脯氨酸Proline 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.32 0.27 0.32 0.26 0.27 0.3 必需氨基酸(EAA) 1.47 1.43 1.36 1.37 1.53 1.3 1.39 1.44 1.44 1.42 非必需氨基酸(NEAA) 2.23 2.32 2.26 2.26 2.48 2.12 2.34 2.26 2.34 2.41 总氨基酸(TAA) 3.7 3.75 3.62 3.63 4.01 3.42 3.73 3.7 3.78 3.83 药效氨基酸Pharma-codynamic amino acids 2.34 2.35 2.24 2.26 2.5 2.13 2.31 2.32 2.37 2.37 -
[1] 牛广俊, 邢建宏, 朱思, 等.金花茶活性成分及抗氧化活性测定[J].森林与环境学报, 2015, 35(2):165-168. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/fjlxyxb201502012NIU G J, XING J H, ZHU S, et al. Determination of active ingredients and antioxidant activities of Camellia sect.Chrysantha by QAMS[J]. Journal of Forest and Environment, 2015, 35(2): 165-168. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/fjlxyxb201502012 [2] 林国轩, 刘玉芳, 罗小梅, 等.不同干燥工艺对金花茶花朵品质影响的研究[J].广西农学报, 2016, 31(6):30-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4374.2016.06.009LIN G X, LIU Y F, LUO X M, et al.Research on the effects of golden camellia quality by different drying technology[J]. Journal of Guangxi Agriculture, 2016, 31(6): 30-33. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4374.2016.06.009 [3] 唐健民, 史艳财, 廖玉琼, 等.金花茶茶花的营养成分分析[J].广西植物, 2017, 37(9):1176-1181. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxzw201709014TANG J M, SHI Y C, LIAO Y Q, et al. Analysis of chemical components in flowers of Camellia nitidissima[J]. Guihaia, 2017, 37(9): 1176-1181. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxzw201709014 [4] 林华娟, 秦小明, 曾秋文, 等.金花茶茶花的化学成分及生理活性成分分析[J].食品科技, 2010, 35(10): 88-91. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=spkj201010022LIN H J, QIN X M, ZENG Q W, et al. Analysis on chemical and bioactive components in flower of Camellia chrysantha(Hu) Tuyama[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2010, 35(10): 88-91. (in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=spkj201010022 [5] 贺栋业, 李晓宇, 王丽丽, 等.金花茶化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志, 2016, 22(3):231-234. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxrdny200901005HE D Y, LI X Y, WANG L L, et al. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Camellia nitidissima[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2016, 22(3): 231-234. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxrdny200901005 [6] 牛广俊, 朱思, 危琴珠, 等.基于多指标质量评价技术研究蒸青对金花茶品质的影响[J].中药材, 2015, 38(5):948-951. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zyc201505015NIU G J, ZHU S, WEI Q Z, et al. Influence of Steam Killenzyme Torrefaction on Quality of Camellia nitidissima Based on Multi-index Evaluation[J]. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2015, 38(5): 948-951. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zyc201505015 [7] 中华人民共和国卫生部.关于批准金花茶、显脉旋覆花(小黑药)等5种物品为新资源食品的公告(2010年第9号).http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/mohbgt/s10788/201005/47563.shtml.2010.05.20[EB/OL]. (2010-05-20)[2018-08-20].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/mohbgt/s10788/201005/47563.shtml.2010.05.20 Ministry Of Health Of The People's Republic Of China. On the approval of Camellia nitidissima Chi, Inula nervosa Wall. (small black medicine) and other 5 kinds of goods for the new food resource announcement(No. 9, 2010).[EB/OL]. (2010-05-20)[2018-08-20]. ttp://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/mohbgt/s10788/201005/47563.shtml.2010.05.20(in Chinese) [8] 韦霄, 蒋水元, 蒋运生, 等.珍稀濒危植物金花茶研究进展[J].福建林业科技, 2006, 33(3):169-174. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7351.2006.03.042WEI X, JANG S Y, JIANG Y S, et al. Research Progress of Camellia nitidssiam, a Rare and Endangered Plant[J]. Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology, 2006, 33(3): 169-174. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7351.2006.03.042 [9] 戚静.金花茶化学成分的分离鉴定及其活性评价[D].南京: 南京理工大学, 2016. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10288-1016225259.htmQI J. The separation and identificantion of Camellia nitidissima Chi and their potential activity evaluation[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2016. (in Chinese) http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10288-1016225259.htm [10] 邹登峰, 张伟, 梁臣艳, 等.金花茶叶中黄酮类成分的HPLC指纹图谱研究[J].华西药学杂志, 2015, 30(4):462-464. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hxyxzz201504026ZOU D F, ZHANG W, LIANG C Y, et al. HPLC fingerprint of flavonoids from Camellia chrysantha leaves[J]. West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015, 30(4): 462-464. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hxyxzz201504026 [11] 程金生, 韦卓恒, 陈信炎, 等.金花茶花朵总皂苷体外抗氧化实验研究[J].中国民族民间医药, 2016, 25(10):27-30. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgmzmjyyzz201610013CHENG J S, WEI Z H, CHEN X Y, et al. In vitro Antioxidant Experiment Research of Total Saponins in the Flower of Camellia nitidissima Chi[J]. Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy, 2016, 25(10): 27-30. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgmzmjyyzz201610013 [12] 牛广俊, 朱思, 王维华, 等.基于抗氧化活性优化金花茶花超声提取工艺[J].福建林业科技, 2015, 42(4):13-17. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/fjlykj201504003NIU G J, ZHU S, WANG W H, et al. Optimization of Ultrasound Extraction Process of Camellia chrysantha Chi based on Antioxidant Activity[J]. Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology, 2015, 42(4):13-17. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/fjlykj201504003 [13] 中国国家标准化管理委员会.茶叶中茶多酚和儿茶素类含量的检测方法GBT 8313-2008[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008: 1-5Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Determination of Total Polyphenols and Catechins Content in Tea GBT 8313-2008[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008: 1-5. (in Chinese) [14] 黄兴贤, 邹蓉, 胡兴华, 等.十四种金花茶组植物叶总黄酮含量比较[J].广西植物, 2011, 31(2): 281-284. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3142.2011.03.028HUANG X X, ZOU R, HU X H, et al. Comparison of total flavonoids content in 14 species of Camellia sect.Chrysantha[J]. Guihaia, 2011, 31(2): 281-284. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3142.2011.03.028 [15] 韦秀芝, 张可锋, 段小群.不同品种金花茶叶中总黄酮含量测定[J].安徽农业科学, 2012, 40(10): 5869, 5872. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2012.10.055WEI X Z, ZHNG K F, DUN X Q. Determination on the Content of Total Flavonoids in Different Species of Camellia chrysantha(Hu) Tuyama[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 40(10): 5869, 5872. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2012.10.055 [16] 韦璐, 秦小明, 黄日秋, 等.超声波提取金花茶多糖的工艺研究[C]//2007年中国农业工程学会农产品加工及贮藏工程分会学术年会暨中国中部地区农产品加工产学研研讨会论文集.2007.WEI L, QIN X M, HUANG R Q, et al.Study on tea polysaccharide from the leave of Camellia chrysantha(Hu)Tuyama by the ultrasonic extraction process[C]// Proceedings of 2007 Annual Academic Conference of Agricultural Products Processing and Storage Engineering Branch of China Agricultural Engineering Society and Seminar on Agricultural Products Processing, Production, Education and Research in Central China.2007. (in Chinese) [17] 王丹, 吕永磊, 徐丽媛, 等.人参多糖含量测定方法研究[J].中华中医药杂志2011, 26(4):774-776. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgyyxb201104043WANG D, LV Y L, XU L Y, er al. Content Determination of Polysaccharide in the root of Panax ginseng[J]. China Journal of Traditional Chiense Medicine and Pharmacy, 2011, 26(4): 774-776. (in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgyyxb201104043 [18] 高丽萍, 刘华, 封云芳.人参总皂苷的含量测定[J].浙江工程学院学报, 2002, 19(3):171-174. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zjgcxyxb200203008GAO L P, LIU H, FENG Y F. Determination of Total Saponin Content in Panax Ginseng[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Institute of Science and Technology, 2002, 19(3): 171-174. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zjgcxyxb200203008 [19] 唐昭领, 莫建光, 黄艳.响应面优化香草醛-冰醋酸-高氯酸法测定金花茶叶中总皂甙含量[J].广东农业科学, 2014, 41(13):99-103. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2014.13.022TANG Z l, MO J G, HUANG Y. Optimization of total saponins determination in Camellia chrysantha by spectrophotometry with response surface method[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 41(13): 99-103. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2014.13.022 [20] 梁香, 程金生, 陈信炎, 等.金花茶中黄酮类活性成分的GC-MS分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志, 2018, 24(20):84-88. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgsyfjxzz201820014LIANG X, CHENG J S, CHEN X Y, et al. Application of GC-MS Technique to Analyze Active Ingredients of Flavonoids in Camellia chrysantha Flos[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2018, 24(20):84-88. (in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgsyfjxzz201820014 [21] 孟祥才, 颜丙鹏, 杨国辉, 等.不同贮藏条件的五味子的有效成分含量变化的初步研究[J].现代中药研究与实践, 2011, 25(1):25-27. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=jczyzz201101010MENG X C, YAN B P, YANG G H, et al. Preliminary Study on the Effective Constituent Contents of Schisandra chinensis in Different Storage Conditions[J]. Research and Practice on Chinese Medicines, 2011, 25(1): 25-27. (in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=jczyzz201101010 [22] 陆亮, 再吐尼古丽·库尔班, 叶凯, 等.贮藏期甜高粱形状与总糖含量的研究[J].食品科技, 2012, 37(6):215-218. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SSPJ201206058.htmLU L, ZAITUNIGULI K, YE K, et al. The shape and total sugar content of sweet sorghum in storage period[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2012, 37(6):215-218. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SSPJ201206058.htm [23] 周伟.低温下单色LED和短波UV照射对上海青贮藏品质调控的研究[D].广州: 华南理工大学, 2016. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10561-1016769964.htmZHOU W. Study on the regulation of monochromatic LED and short wave UV irradiation on storage quality in Brassica chinensis L. at low temperature[D]. Guzhou: HuaNan University of Science and Technology, 2016. (in Chinese) http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10561-1016769964.htm [24] 蒲成伟, 阚欢, 刘云.不同贮藏条件下核桃及其油脂品质的变化分析[J].中国油脂, 2018, 43(2):46-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-7969.2018.02.011PU C W, KAN H, LIU Y. Analysis of quality changes of walnut and walnut oil under different storage conditions[J]. China Oils and Fats, 2018, 43(2): 46-50. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-7969.2018.02.011 [25] 唐启义. DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社, 2013: 490-490.TANG Q Y. DPS Data Processing System[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2013: 490-490. (in Chinese) [26] 张培华.常见中药材变色因素的探讨[J].中国中医药现代远程教育, 2011, 9(5): 84-85. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2779.2011.05.061ZHANG P H. Discussions on the factors of discoloration of common Chinese medicinal materials[J]. Chinese Medicine Modern Distance Education of China, 2011, 9(5): 84-85. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2779.2011.05.061 [27] 马鹏, 李隆云, 张应.贮藏条件和时间对灰毡毛忍冬药材质量的影响[J].中国中药杂志, 2014, 39(6): 981-991. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgzyzz201406006MA P, LI L Y, ZHANG Y. Impact of storage conditions and time on herb of Lonicera macranthoides[J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2014, 39(6): 981-991. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgzyzz201406006 [28] 唐梅、孙雪梅、张丽娟.不同贮藏条件对易变色药材黄柏质量的影响[J].成都中医药大学学报, 2012, 35(4): 55-57, 60. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cdzyydxxb201204019TANG M, SUN X M, ZHANG L J. Quality of Allochromatic Traditional Chinese Medicine of Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis in Different Store Conditions[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2012, 35(4): 55-57, 60. (in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cdzyydxxb201204019 [29] 周燕, 单云岗.金银花的外观色泽变化对其绿原酸含量的影响[J].中华中医药学刊, 2011, 29(5): 1156-1157. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zyyxk201105079ZHOU Y, SHANG Y G.The Influence of Appearance Color of Flos Lonicerae on its Chlorogenic Acid Content[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2011, 29(5): 1156-1157. (in Chinese) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zyyxk201105079 [30] 陈志莲.不同贮藏期、不同品种菊花中总黄酮的含量变化[J].基层中药杂志, 2011, 15(5): 19-21. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JZZY200105008.htmCHEN Z L. Comparison of the totalflavonoid content of chrysanthemum for diferent species in storage period[J]. Primary Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2011, 15(5): 19-21. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JZZY200105008.htm