Micromorphology of Leaves and Pollens of Wild Tea (Camellia sinensis) Germplasms from Shouning, Fujian
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摘要:
目的 观察福建寿宁野生茶树种质资源叶片和花粉的微形态，为茶树野生种质资源发掘、鉴定提供参考依据。 方法 以福鼎大白茶为对照，利用冷场发射扫描电镜对4份福建寿宁野生茶树种质资源叶片和花粉微形态特征进行观察，对茶树叶片气孔、茸毛和花粉极轴长、赤道轴长等进行数据统计及分析。 结果 4份野生茶树种质的叶片叶上表皮纹饰有平展型、皱脊型、波浪型3种；叶片下表皮气孔皆为长卵形，具异性气孔（腺鳞）且气孔密度相对栽培种较小；茸毛长度为（280.75±107.65）~（616.95±132.52）μm，且不同种长度差异明显，茸毛纹饰皆为平滑型；不同于栽培种，野生茶树种质资源叶片茸毛表层均有脱落现象。4份野生茶树花粉均具三孔沟，属N3P4C5类型，其花粉大小在（427.69±153.94）~（1205.07±237.80）μm2，皆小于福鼎大白茶。花粉极面观有近圆形和三裂近三角形2种，赤道面观各不相同，花粉形状有超长球形和近球形2种，花粉纹饰均为疣状。 结论 4份野生茶树和福鼎大白茶的叶片和花粉微形态特征有一定的共性和特异性。 Abstract:Objective Foliar and pollen micromorphology of wild tea germplasms from Shouning, Fujian was examined and recorded for references on the natural resource. Method Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to observe the micro-structures of the leaves and pollens of 4 tea germplasms collected from Shouning. Twelve morphological characteristics on the leaves and 10 on the pollens were obtained for analysis. Result The leaf-surface stomates of these plants were oval in shape with glandular scales less densely scattered than the cultivated cultivars. The trichome lengths ranged between(280.75±107.65) μm and (616.95±132.52) μm with significant differences among the germplasms. The surface of trichome was smooth. The adaxial epidermal wax ornamentation was either flat, wrinkled or wavy in appearance. The pollens were all tricolporate of the N3P4C5 type with a size in between (427.69±153.94) μm2 and (1205.07±237.80) μm2, which was smaller than those of Fudingdabaicha tea. They had two kinds of polar view, suborbicular and trifid subtriangular; their equatorial views differed; their shapes, ellipsoid or subsphaeroidal; and, their ornamentations, verrucate. As compared to Fudingdabaicha, the 4 wild germplasms had certain distinct foliar and pollen micromorphological characteristics, which could serve for the differentiation of the species. -
Key words:
- Camellia sinensis /
- germplasm resource /
- Shouning /
- leaf /
- pollen /
- micromorphology
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图 1 寿宁野生茶树叶片微形态电子显微观察结果
注：Ⅰ为地洋001，Ⅱ为地洋002，Ⅲ为芎坑001，Ⅳ为芎坑002，Ⅴ为福鼎大白茶。图 3同。A为气孔整体观，B为气孔，C茸毛整体观，D为茸毛，E为蜡质纹饰。
Figure 1. SEM of tea leaf
Note:Ⅰ.Diyang 001, Ⅱ.Diyang 002, Ⅲ.Xiongkeng 001, Ⅳ.Xiongkeng 002, Ⅴ.Fudingdabaicha.The same as Fig. 3. A.Stomatal wholeness, B.Stomatal wholeness, C.Villi wholeness, D.Villi wholeness, E.Waxy texture.
图 2 寿宁野生茶树叶片茸毛表层微形态
注：A为脱落前的茸毛表层，B为茸毛表层脱落的分界处，C为脱落后的茸毛。
Figure 2. Surface micromorphology of trichome on tea leaf
Note:A.The surface oftrichome before shedding, B.The boundary of the trichome, C.The trichome after shedding.
图 3 寿宁野生茶树花粉形态扫描电镜观察结果
注：A为花粉极面观，B为赤道面观，C为外壁纹饰，D为萌发沟。
Figure 3. SEM observation on tea pollen morphology
Note: A.Pollen polar view, B.Equatorial view, C.Outer wall decoration, .D.Germination colpus.
表 2 寿宁野生茶树叶片气孔微形态特征
Table 2. Stomatal micromorphology of tea leaf
种质资源
Germplasm内气孔长
Inner stomatal
length/μm内气孔宽
Inner stomatal
width/μm外气孔长
Outer stomatal
length/μm外气孔宽
Outer stomatal
width/μm气孔开度
Stomatal
aperture气孔器大小
Stomach
size/μm2气孔密度
Stomatal
density(个·mm-2)产地
OriginⅠ 13.88±1.77b 4.77±1.44b 24.46±1.21b 16.42±1.22c 0.34±0.10b 402.03±41.27c 229.09±18.19a 福建寿宁 Ⅱ 17.21±2.17a 7.2±2.09a 27.86±2.20a 18.92±2.31b 0.42±0.13a 530.41±94.96ab 127.41±13.60b 福建寿宁 Ⅲ 10.42±2.00c 3.17±0.80c 22.2±1.65c 17.69±1.63bc 0.32±0.14b 394.07±57.96c 132.14±20.93b 福建寿宁 Ⅳ 17.42±1.31a 6.11±1.27ab 26.26±1.85ab 18.34±1.73b 0.35±0.06b 481.87±58.64b 141.88±14.55b 福建寿宁 Ⅴ 13.38±4.51b 5.31±3.06b 27.56±3.67a 20.94±2.31a 0.47±0.41a 577.79±105.90a 239.57±28.31a 福建福鼎 注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。表 3、4同。
Note：Different lowercase letters in a same column represent significant difference at 5% level. The same as table 3，4.
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表 3 寿宁野生茶树叶片茸毛微形态特征
Table 3. Trichome micromorphology of tea leaf
种质资源
Germplasm茸毛长度
Trichome length/μm茸毛粗度
Trichome diameter/μm茸毛密度
Trichome density/(根·mm-2)产地
OriginⅠ 280.75±107.65c 8.22±2.22ab 9.41±2.87a 福建寿宁 Ⅱ 327.47±139.86c 9.18±1.96ab 6.11±1.58b 福建寿宁 Ⅲ 519.30±203.63b 12.04±3.38a 2.17±1.13c 福建寿宁 Ⅳ 307.54±107.81c 8.06±2.14b 2.18±0.72c 福建寿宁 Ⅴ 616.95±132.52a 9.36±0.89ab 6.67±1.27b 福建福鼎
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表 4 寿宁野生茶树花粉形态性状指标
Table 4. Pollen morphology of tea cultivars
种质资源
Germplasm极轴长(P)
Length of
polaraxis/μm赤道轴长(E)
Length of
equator axis/μm萌发沟长(L)
Length of germi-
nation colpus/μm花粉大小
P×E
/μm2花粉形状
P/E萌发沟长/
极轴长
L/P极面观
Polar view赤道面观
Equatorial
view外壁纹饰
Outer wall
decorationⅠ 28.55±3.32b 14.74±4.10c 23.23±3.34b 427.69±153.94c 2.04±0.49a 0.83±0.15ab 近圆形 超长球形 疣状无穿孔 Ⅱ 31.68±2.08ab 33.06±2.80ab 25.94±2.22a 1064.73±143.03ab 0.95±0.10b 0.82±0.06ab 三裂近三角形 近扁球形 疣状多穿孔 Ⅲ 27.60±4.39b 28.92±3.12b 24.77±3.14ab 814.70±168.30b 0.94±0.15b 0.93±0.19a 三裂近三角形 近长球形 疣状少量穿孔 Ⅳ 30.93±4.20b 31.06±3.22b 21.97±4.72bc 931.12±145.89b 0.98±0.18b 0.74±0.18b 三裂近三角形 近长球形 疣状少量穿孔 Ⅴ 35.68±7.29a 33.81±2.01a 19.81±3.35c 1205.07±237.80a 1.06±0.24b 0.54±0.16c 三裂近三角形 长椭圆形 疣状无穿孔
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